White Wistar Rats Research Articles

Sea Buckthorn and Grape Extract Might Be Helpful and Sustainable Phyto-Resources as Associated Hypolipidemic Agents—Preliminary Study

Phytotherapy can enhance the beneficial health outcomes in the prevention of obesity and is able to improve the function of the metabolic organs, like the liver and kidneys. Since sea buckthorn (SBT) and grape extracts are known as abundant sources of polyphenol, we assumed that the extracts of these two plants might have a hypolipidemic effect and an improved metabolic function in obese rats treated with atorvastatin. One hundred and twelve white Wistar rats were divided equally into seven groups (G.I–VII) and orally treated as follows: G.I, atorvastatin 20 mg × kg·bw−1; G.II, atorvastatin 20 mg × kg·bw−1 + SBT 100 mg × kg·bw−1; G.III, atorvastatin 20 mg × kg·bw−1 + grape extract 100 mg × kg·bw−1; G.IV, grape extract 100 mg × kg·bw−1; G.V, SBT 100 mg × kg·bw−1; G.VI, high-fat diet (HFD); group VII was considered the control group. After two and six months of administration, the rats were sacrificed, and blood samples were taken for biochemical analyses. The statistical results (analysis of variance (ANOVA)) showed that a combination of SBT and grape extracts with atorvastatin significantly reduced (p ˂ 0.001) the lipid parameters. After six months, the liver and kidneys improved their functioning, showing a statistically significant change (p ˂ 0.001) in the grape and sea buckthorn groups compared to the other groups. In addition, grape extract and SBT combined with atorvastatin proved to be potent hypolipidemic agents, so associations with phytodietary supplements can be considered as a valuable means of combating hypolipidemia and decreasing risk factors.

ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ПАРОДОНТОПРОТЕКТОРНОЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ КОМПЛЕКСА ПРЕПАРАТОВ У КРЫС С САХАРНЫМ ДИАБЕТОМ 2 ТИПА ПРИ ОРТОДОНТИЧЕСКОМ ПЕРЕМЕЩЕНИИ ЗУБОВ

Introduction. Pathological changes in the periodontium in people with diabetes mellitus, according to some data, are aggravated after orthodontic intervention, which dictates the need to carry out preventive measures, the effectiveness of which will determine the quality of orthodontic treatment.
 The aim of this study was to study the periodontal protective effect of two domestic antidisbiotic drugs containing plant extracts, vitamins, calcium and phosphorus salts.
 Methodology. The experiments were carried out on white Wistar rats, divided into 5 groups. The gums and periodontal bone tissue were isolated. The activity of urease, lysozyme and the content of hyaluronic acid was determined in the gingival homogenate, and the degree of dysbiosis was calculated. In the homogenate of the periodontal bone tissue, the activity of alkaline and acid phosphatases was determined, the mineralization index and the degree of mineralization, as well as the content of calcium and protein, were calculated.
 Results. The obtained results of our study have convincingly proved the pronounced periodontal protection efficacy of antidisbiotic drugs for oral applications of the plates "CM-2" and the drug Enoant polyphenols. The proposed therapeutic and prophylactic complex inhibits inflammation, destruction of bone tissue and the development of dysbiosis, along with the manifestation of pronounced adaptogenic, antimicrobial and periodontal protective effects in experimental animals against the background of the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and orthodontic tooth movement.
 Conclusion. The proposed therapeutic and prophylactic complex inhibits inflammation, destruction of bone tissue and the development of dysbiosis in experimental animals against the background of the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and orthodontic tooth movement. The obtained results of the experimental study serve as the basis for the recommendation of the investigated complex, including the local application of plates with herbal extracts, vitamins, calcium and microelements, along with the systemic use of grape polyphenol concentrate, in an orthodontic clinic for patients with diabetes mellitus.

White tea drink (Camellia sinensis) improves endurance and body weight maintenance of rats

PurposeWhite tea is an unfermented tea made from young shoots of Camellia sinensis protected from sunlight to avoid polyphenol degradation. White tea contains a high level of polyphenolic compounds known as catechins. Several types of evidence have suggested that tea consumption has benefits in body weight and endurance maintenance. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of white tea on body weight and endurance of animal models.Design/methodology/approachThis research was an intervention design using 20 Wistar white rats (Rattus Norvegicus) in body weight between 150 and 200 g. The rats were randomized into four groups, three groups receiving white tea drink (WTD) with different doses and the other group receiving plain water in equal volume as a control group for four weeks. The forced swim test (FST) was done to measure their struggling capacity, and digital bodyweight to measure the weight.FindingsIntervention (WTD Groups and Control) caused weight gain among except G3 with the highest doses of white tea. The result showed that WTD intake in G3 had a significant difference (p < 0.05) on body weight gain compared to control. The authors found that WTD in a specific dose (G3: 0.22 mg) tends to maintain the body weight of animals (219.2 ± 41.96; 212.6 ± 46.90, respectively), while other doses caused weight gain. WTD also significantly increased the swimming and struggling capacity of rats that represented improvements the endurance along with the test. There was a statistically significant difference in endurance among all groups (p < 0.05).Research limitations/implicationsThe results of this study can be followed as human intervention research as an input for nutritionists and sports scientists to explore the beneficial effect of white tea.Practical implicationsThe results of this study can be followed as human intervention research as an input for nutritionists and sports scientists to explore the beneficial effect of white tea.Originality/valueThis study adds more evidence and information about the advantages of white tea as potential beverages in future healthy lifestyles.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Application in Wound Tissue Healing in Old Animals.

PurposeAn assessment of the effectiveness of progenitor mesenchymal stem cell as injections and as part of a polymer hydrogel for the wounds treatment.Materials and MethodsFixed-size wounds (average area of 135.8 mm2) were modeled on the back of white Wistar rats, aged 9 months. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) isolated from a human umbilical cord were injected into the wounds once on the modeling day (SC group). In other animals, MSC were periodically applied externally as one of the components in the polymer hydrogel (Polymer_sc group). The systemic effect of the cells was assessed via the analysis of intact contralateral wounds located on the opposite side of the same animal’s back (groups Control_sc and Control_Psc, respectively). The reference intact wounds belonged to the Control_0 group. The wound area was studied in dynamics. Descriptive microscopy was supplemented by an assessment of the collagen fibers’ maturity, the epidermal layers, and the number of fibroblasts and leukocytes in different parts of the wounds.ResultsBoth the local and systemic application of MSC led to an improvement in wound regeneration. During the acute inflammatory phase (up to 3 days), the method and place of application did not affect the dynamics of wound healing. The use of Polymer_sc ultimately demonstrated the best effectiveness. The anti-inflammatory effect of MSC was confirmed by a decrease in leukocyte infiltration in the wound centers (Polymer_sc and SC groups) and edges (all groups, with the greatest extent in the Polymer_sc group). The proliferative phase that expresses itself via accelerated growth in fibroblast number and collagen production was affected in the Control_Psc group and mostly in the Polymer_sc group.ConclusionThe applications of MSC in various ways improve and accelerate wound healing even in old animals. The best performance was achieved in the Polymer_sc group.

Acute Toxicity Ethanol Extract of Bidara Leaves (Ziziphus spina-christi L.) Against Liver and Kidney Function of White Rats

Bidara plants have the efficacy as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory,antimicrobial, anti-fungal and prevents tumours. Bidara is efficacious to protecthuman DNA cells caused by damage from actinic radiation. This study aims toexplore the acute toxicity test of the ethanol extract of Bidara leaves using whitemice as experimental animals. A total of 30 white rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistarstrain obtained from the Eureka Research Laboratory (Palembang, Indonesia)weighing between 200 - 250 grams. After one week of adaptation, the mice wererandomly divided into the following six groups, each containing five animals:Normal control group and Bidara extract group (50mg/kg BW; 150 mg/kg BW;450 mg/kg BW; 1350 mg/kg BW; and 4050 mg/kg BW). This study shows thatthe extract of Bidara leaves has a relatively high toxic dose, namely at a dose of4050 mg/kg BW. Bidara leaf extract at doses below 1500 mg/kg BW, shows notoxic effect on the liver. In conclusion, bidara leaf extract has a toxic dose above4000 mg/kg BW in Wistar white rats.

Effects of liposomal form of phosphatidylcholine on oxidative-nitrosative stress in renal tissues of rats in burn disease

This experiment carried out on 77 white Wistar rats aimed at studying the effects of liposomal form of phosphatidylcholine (lipin) on oxidative-nitrosative stress in renal tissues in burn disease (BD). This condition was modelled by immersing the epilated skin surface of the hind limb of the experimental animals into hot water (t + 70 –75°C) under light ether anaesthesia for 7 s that led to the development of III A-B degree burns. Lipin was administered intraperitoneally daily in a dose of 50 mg / kg immediately after BD modelling.The research has demonstrated BD modelling is accompanied by the development of oxidative-nitrosative stress in renal tissues as evidenced by a significant increase in the superoxide anion radical production by various sources (endoplasmic reticulum and NO synthase, mitochondrial respiratory chain, leukocyte NADPH oxidase); by the growth in the activity of inducible isozyme of NO-synthase (in the stage of burn shock in 2.83 times, р<0.001) with a decline in the constitutive isoforms activity, by the rise in the concentration of peroxynitrite (in the stage of burn shock in 3.18 times, in the stage of septicotoxemia in 2.56 times).The administration of lipin significantly limits the development of oxidative-nitrosative stress in renal tissues in the dynamics of experimental BD, as evidenced by a probable decrease in superoxide anion radical, NO-synthase activity due to its inducible isoform (in the stage of burn shock – by 35.9%; in the stage of toxemia – by 43.1%, p<0.001), by redressing the imbalance between inducible and constitutive isozymes of NO-synthase, by reducing the concentration of peroxynitrite (in the stage of burn shock – by 34.3%, in the stage of late toxemia – by 44.3%; in the stage of septicotoxemia – by 44.3%, p<0.001).

Changes in the asymmetric dimethylarginine and endothelial nitric oxide synthase levels in pathogenesis of experimental diabetic retinopathy

Endothelial dysfunction associated with impaired nitric oxide excretion plays an important role in the onset and progression of diabetic retinopathy. It has been proven that a decrease in the activity of endothelial NO-synthase (еNО-S), the inhibitor of which is asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), plays an important role in this. Objective: to study the level of asymmetric dimethylarginine and endothelial nitric oxide synthase at different stages of development of diabetic retinopathy in the experiment. The study was conducted in Wistar white rats of 180-200 g weight. According to the tasks, the animals were separated into 2 groups as follows: group 1 – 60 intact animals, group 2 – 60 animals with simulated diabetic retinopathy without further correction. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy were simulated through intraperitoneal administration of Streptozotocin (Sigma, USA) diluted in 0.1M citrate buffer with pH=4.5. Streptozotocin dose of 55 mg per kg of animal weight was divided into two administrations. The streptozotocin intake was preceded by a 28-day high-fat diet. Our study showed impaired endothelial function in diabetic retinopathy, as evidenced by an increased ADMA level (p<0.001). We have determined a stepwise increase of asymmetric dimethylarginine level in blood of rats with simulated pathology which is apparent in its highest at phase 3. Pathogenetic effect of increased ADMA on еNО-S activity was verified at all experimental stages, Impairment of physiological nitric oxide synthesis in simulated pathology has been proved as evidenced by reduced activity of endothelial NO-synthase yet on the 30th day with further negative dynamics up to the 180th day (p<0.001 compared with the intact group findings).

Effect of Chronic Caffeine Administration on Expression Ratio of Bax and Bcl-2 Proteins in Myocardial Tissue of Male Wistar Rats With Type 2 Diabetes

Objective: Some previous studies have shown the protective effect of caffeine on apoptosis through the regulation of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic caffeine administration on the expression ratio of B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-Associated X-protein (Bax) proteins in the cardiac tissue of rats with Type 2 Diabetes. Methods: In this experimental study, samples were 24 male white wistar rats (aged 2-3 months with a weight of 250-300 g) randomly divided into three groups: Healthy control (n=8), untreated diabetic (n=8), and diabetic with caffeine supplement (n=8; 70 mg/kg-1 for 8 weeks, 5 days a week). The expression of proteins associated with apoptotic signaling pathway (Bax and Bcl-2) in the cardiac muscle (left ventricular) was measured by Western blot method. One-Way Variance (ANOVA), t-test, and Tukey’s post hoc test were used for data analysis. Results: Induction of type two diabetes significantly increased the expression of Bax protein (1.81±0.2) and decreased the expression of Bcl-2 protein (0.36±0.05) compared to control group (P=0.001). However, caffeine administration increased the expression of Bax protein (131%) compared to diabetic control group (P=0.001). Therefore, caffeine administration after diabetes induction elevated the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio (P=0.001). Conclusion: Eight weeks of caffeine administration have an exacerbating effect on the apoptotic cell death caused by type 2 diabetes by increasing pro-apoptotic proteins and reducing anti-apoptotic proteins.

Experimental study of the toxicity of N-nitrosoamines when entering with food products for infants

Introduction. Nitrosamines that are introduced with food produce both general toxic effects on a body and specific and remote ones (allergic, mutagenic, teratogenic, or carcinogenic effects). Nitrosamines that occurred in food products aimed for infants nutrition are priority contaminants for working out standard as per health risk criteria.Data and methods. We assessed impacts exerted by chemicals contained in canned meat for babies on 120 white Wistar rats. Our examined product was canned meat with N-nitrosamines in their minimum and maximum concentrations. For an approximation of the experiment to real conditions as it was only possible, we took rats with their age being comparable to that of human babies.Results. Laboratory animals from test groups were fed with canned meat that contained N-nitrosamines for 28 days. As a result, we detected significant discrepancies in AAT, ALT, and GGT levels in blood between an intact group and test ones. We established NOAEL to be equal to 0.00064 mg/kg a day. We also conducted an experiment aimed at determining the benchmark dose level (BDML) for N-nitrosamines introduced with canned meat for babies and applied its results to perform mathematic modeling for “dose - effect” dependence. This modeling allowed establishing authentic cause-and-effect relations between canned meat contamination with a total of N-nitrosamines and increased values of hepatotoxicity markers. We chose the lowest level out of all the control ones obtained via “dose - effect” dependence modeling; it was equal to 0.00063 mg/kg a day.Conclusion. Obtained reference dose (0.00063 mg/kg) for a total of N-nitrosamines introduced with canned meat for babies can be a starting point for determining MDM and MPL of total N-nitrosamines in examined food products

In vitro antioxidants and haematological and nephroprotective effects of biscuits produced from three medicinal flour blends fed to high-fat diet/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats

This study investigated the in vitro antioxidants and haematological and nephroprotective effects of biscuits produced from three medicinal flour blends fed to high-fat diet/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The biscuits were produced at different proportions of flour blends. The total phenol and flavonoid, FRAP, DPPH, and α-amylase and glucosidase of the biscuits were determined. The White Albino Wistar rats were induced with streptozotocin (STZ) and fed with the formulated biscuits for 14 days. The animals were sacrificed, and blood was obtained and used to determine haematological parameter. Then, the liver and kidney were examined for histopathological parameter. The formulated biscuits possessed phenolic content, reduced Fe2+ to Fe3+, and scavenge DPPH and inhibited α-amylase and glucosidase activities. It was observed that the haematological parameters of the treated diabetic rats fed with formulated biscuits improved significantly compared with that of the untreated STZ-induced diabetic rats. The creatinine, urea, and uric acid significantly reduced in treated rats with formulated biscuits. The formulated biscuits lowered the blood glucose level in the rats. Therefore, this formulated biscuit may be useful in the management of diabetes.

Influence of Peloid Therapy on the Condition and Functional Activity of the Glands of Internal Secretion in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (Clinical and Experimental Study)

The aim of the study was to assess the dynamics of hormones of the pituitary-gonadal-thyroid axis in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis under the influence of peloid therapy and to establish the corresponding morphological changes in the pituitary gland, gonads and the thyroid gland of white Wistar rats with induced adjuvant arthritis during peloid therapy. Material and methods. 46 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis were examined during their rehabilitation at sanatoria. The effect of peloid therapy on the pituitary-gonadal-thyroid axis was evaluated based on the changes in the levels of the main hormones LH, FSH, estradiol, testosterone, TSH, T3, T4. The control group consisted of 15 healthy age-mates. Morphological changes in the pituitary, testes, ovaries and thyroid gland were studied in 24 white Wistar rats with adjuvant arthritis. Results. In juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, the pituitary-gonad-thyroid axis is activated, which is manifested by a decrease in the production of FSH, LH, TSH, testosterone in boys of all age groups and estradiol both in girls regardless of their age and in boys 12–17 years of age. At the same time, an increase in secretion of T3, T4 was observed. The most pronounced deviations were noted in patients with a systemic form of the disease, with a high degree of severity and duration of the disease. The inclusion of mud therapy into the program of sanatorium rehabilitation leads to positive changes in the levels of the studied hormones. The experiment with induced adjuvant arthritis revealed reversible ultrastructural and tinctorial changes in the thyrotropocytes and gonadotropocytes of the pituitary gland, as well as impaired differentiation and partial destruction of the structural elements in the thyroid gland and gonads. The course of peloid therapy had a positive effect on the condition of the thyroid gland and gonads in the experimental animals, which was manifested by the restoration of structural and functional organization. Conclusion. Peloid therapy has a positive effect on the functional activity of the pituitary-gonadal thyroid axis in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, which has been confirmed by experimental data.

Analysis of the Moringa oleifera Seed Oil Extract on Insulin Level in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

Moringa oleifera is a plant that can be used and grown intensively in several Southeast Asian countries. This study aims to determine the effect of Moringa oleifera seed oil extract on the levels of the insulin and blood glucose levels of Rattus norvegicus induced by alloxan. This study used 30 female Wistar white rats induced by alloxan. Rats were divided into 6 groups. Groups 3 to 6 were injected 100, 200, 300, 400 mg/kg BW extract of Moringa oleifera seed oil, respectively. Group 1 neither had alloxan induction nor treatment while group 2 had been induced alloxan but no treatment. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that there was no effect of Moringa oleifera seed oil extract on insulin level (p value = 0.161). Conversely, there was an effect on blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced Rattus norvegicus (p value = 0.036).

Effectiveness of Non-Woven Piezoelectric Polymer Membrane Application Based on a Co-Polymer of Vinylidene Fluoride with Tetrafluoroethylene for Oral Wound Closure

The aim of research is to study morphofunctional reorganization of the oral mucosa during regeneration of a wound defect using polymer membranes based on a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride with and without tetrafluoroethylene. Material and methods. The study included 35 white Wistar rats weighed 220–280 g. All animals were divided into three groups: group 1 – intact animals, group 2 – an experimental comparison group, and group 3 – an experimental main group. A wound defect in rats was formed by the excision of the mucosal flap in rats; this defect was overlapped by a polymer membrane in animals of the 3rd group. Histological and macroscopic studies were performed in 3, 7 and 12 days. Results. More rapid development of the granulated and loose fibrous connective tissue noted already on the 3rd day of the study was recorded in animals of the 3rd group. On the 7th day of the study a 1.5-time decrease in inflammatory infiltrate was recorded in animals of the experimental main group, while in the experimental comparison this indicator decreased in only 1.35 times. Moreover, the formation of the loose fibrous connective tissue in the main experimental group occurred 3.2 times more intensively than in the comparison group. On the 12th day, the specific area of the loose fibrous connective tissue in the experimental main group was 1.4 times larger, and the specific area of scar tissue was 3 times smaller than in the experimental comparison group. Conclusion. Application of polymer membrane demonstrated a decrease in inflammatory infiltrate and more rapid maturation of the loose fibrous connective tissue compared with the open wound management. Moreover, there was a significantly smaller formation of the dense fibrous connective tissue. Thus, it is possible to conclude on the effectiveness of polymer piezoelectric membrane application in the management of oral wound.

Morphofunctional estimation of the gastroprotective activity of the <i>Ferulopsis hystrix</i> dry extract in neurogenic ulcer

The purpose of the research: morphofunctional estimation of the gastroprotective activity of the dry extract from the roots and rhizomes of Ferulopsis hystrix in neurogenic ulcer.Materials and methods: The studies were carried out on white Wistar rats. The neurogenic ulcer was simulated by 24-hour immobilization of the animals. The gastroprotective effect of Ferulopsis hystrix was estimated taking into account the Pauls’ index which was calculated for bleedings, erosions and strip-like ulcers as well as taking into account the morphometric indices (the depth of erosions) of the stomach mucosa. The intensity of lipid free radical oxidation processes was estimated by malonic dialdehyde content (MDA); the state of the antioxidant system was estimated by the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase and the reduced glutathione content.Results. The Ferulopsis hystrix extract in the doses of 100 and 150 mg/kg reduces the depth of erosions by 43% and 80% respectively, thus promoting the diminishment of destructive processes in the stomach mucosa against the background of neurogenic ulcer. The Ferulopsis hystrix extract in the given doses decreased the MDA content by 37% on average; the catalase activity was twofold increased; the reduced glutathione increases 2.6 times and SOD activity — 3.8 and 2.8 times respectively.Conclusion. Ferulopsis hystrix has the gastroprotective effect in neurogenic ulcer.

Impact of extracum of curcuma longa in a composition of rectal suppositoria on of lipid peroxidal oxidation indications in the thick intestiness in experimental Crohn’s disease

The aim. To conduct a comparative analysis of the effect of turmeric extract and 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) in the composition of rectal suppositories in clinical symptoms and the content of lipid peroxidation products in the mucous membrane of the large intestine in experimental Crohn’s disease (CD).Materials and methods. The experiment was performed on 70 non-linear white Wistar rats. CD was modeled by rectal administration of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid, rectal suppositories were used each 12 hours: with 5-ASA in a dose of 50 mg, with 10% turmeric extract of original composition, weighing 0.3 g each. On the 3rd, 5th and 7th day of CD, the clinical status was determined by the modified Disease activity index scale and the content of lipid peroxidation products in the large intestine mucosa.Results. In the dynamics of CD in the colon, the content of primary, secondary and final lipid peroxidative products in the heptane and isopropanol phases increases; the severity of clinical signs (weight loss, diarrhea, blood in the fecal masses) increases with increasing content of POL. The use of rectal suppositories with turmeric extract in case of CD reduces the severity of clinical symptoms, reduces the content of lipid peroxidation products mainly in the isopropanol phase of the colon lipid extract; an association was established between the index of clinical activity of CD and the content of lipid peroxidation products in the large intestine. The effectiveness of local application of turmeric extract in the composition of rectal suppositories is comparison with the effectiveness of the use of rectal suppositories with 5-ASA in terms of the clinical activity index and the content of lipid peroxidation products in the large intestine.

Dose-dependent effect of plasma-chemical NO-containing gas flow on wound healing. An experimental study

BackgroundIt is known that exogenous nitric oxide (NO) has a bactericidal effect, activates proliferation of fibroblasts, enhances angiogenesis and collagen synthesis, accelerates maturation of granulation tissue. ObjectiveThe purpose of this research was to study the dose-dependent therapeutic effect of nitric oxide (NO) in NO-containing gas flows (NO-CGF) applied to the wound surfaces. MethodsThe experiment was performed in 36 white Wistar rats with full-thickness skin wounds with an area size of 3 cm2. We used Plason device modified with an experimental plasma-chemical generator of nitric oxide (manipulator) for the following parameters of NO-CGF in the wound surface area: mass flow rate of nitric oxide 2.0 mg/s, axial gas flow velocity 9 m/s, nitric oxide content 1340 ppm, nitrogen dioxide content 108 ppm, gas flow temperature 39°C. Each group included 6 animals. The mass of nitric oxide delivered to the wound varied by the exposure time of 15, 30, 60, 120 and 360 seconds and was 30, 60, 120, 240 and 720 mg, respectively. Wounds were left untreated in the control group. Wound tissues were excised 4 days after the operation and studied with histological, semi-quantitative and morphometric methods. ResultsHistological analysis revealed beneficial effects of NO therapy on wound healing, including reduction of microcirculatory disorders and exudate volume and acceleration of fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. We proved that the most effective stimulation of the wound healing process occurred with a duration of exposure of 120 and 360 seconds (integral mass doses of NO on the wound surfaces were 240 mg and 720 mg, relative mass doses of NO per wound areas were 80 mg/cm2 and 240 mg/cm2, respectively). We did not identify the overdose phenomena after prolonged exposure of the wound to NO. ConclusionOur results are important for further improvement of the technique and the standardization of NO-therapy for the treatment of wounds, inflammatory and destructive processes in clinical practice.

Коррекция функциональных нарушений при ADMA-подобной преэклампсии производными пептида, имитирующего α-спираль B эритропоэтина

Objective. The aim of the study is to investigate the correction of functional disorders in ADMA-like preeclampsia with derivatives of the peptide imitating erythropoietin α-helix B. Materials and methods. The study was performed in 120 white female Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g. ADMA-like preeclampsia was used as experimental preeclampsia. To assess the effectiveness of the pharmacological agents used, blood pressure, microcirculation in the placenta, and proteinuria were recorded, the content of final NO metabolites in the blood plasma was determined, and the coefficient of endothelial dysfunction was calculated. 50 μg / kg polypeptides (P-αB3 and P-αB4) were used as pharmacological agents, obtained by attaching to the original 11-amino acid peptide PHBSP [PubChem CID: 91810664], which is the amino acid chain Pyr-Glu-Gln-Leu-Glu-Arg-Ala-Leu-Asn-Ser-Ser (QEQLERALNSS) of KGD group from different ends of the chain. Results. The use of the studied derivatives of peptide imitating erythropoietin α-helix B with ADMA-like preeclampsia leads to a pronounced correction of disorders. The greatest effect was observed with the introduction of the peptide with the laboratory code P-αB4. A significant decrease in systolic and diastolic pressure was noted, respectively, improved microcirculation in the placenta, restoration of the NO-synthesizing function of the endothelium, and a decrease in proteinuria. Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the prospect of further research on the effectiveness of short-chain derivatives of erythropoietin imitating its α-helix B for the correction of functional disorders in preeclampsia.

Innovative biologically active wound healing and hemostatic agents based on chitosan and collagen: development stages, medical and technical characteristics

Preservation of a consistently high number of domestic, industrial or military injuries, trophic ulcers, pressure sores, chronic wound defects in the morbidity structure makes the problem of effective and physiological healing of wounds extremely urgent. One of the most promising directions for solving this problem is the creation of wound healing and hemostatic agents of high efficiency (in comparison with traditional dressings from cellulose and non-woven textile materials) based on biologically active high-molecular natural and synthetic polymers with the immobilization of drugs with antibacterial, analgesic and necrolytic effects.Object: development of innovative biologically active wound healing and hemostatic agents based on chitosan and collagen.Materials and methods. As materials for determining medical and technical characteristics, new wound products were investigated: - means “Chitocol” performed by “Chitocol-S”, “Chitocol-CS”, “Chitocol-DA”, “Chitocol-CDA”, “Chitocol-SC”, “Chitocol-SCD”, sterile, “Chitocol-CSC”, “Chitocol-CSCD” with immobilized substances of colloidal silver, dioxidine and chymotrypsin; - means “Chitocol-Hemo” performed “Chitocol-Hemo C”, “Chitocol-Hemo CS”, “Chitocol-Hemo”, “Chitocol-Hemo S” with the immobilized substance colloidal silver. A preliminary preclinical evaluation of the effectiveness of the wound healing and antimicrobial effects of the prototype “Chitocol-CDA”, “Chitocol-CS” and “Chitocol-CSC” (porous plates 2×2×0.4 cm in size) in vivo was performed on white male Wistar rats weighing 180–200 g. The healing efficiency was evaluated on the basis of planimetric, hematological, histological research methods.Results. Quantitative indicators of medical and technical characteristics of the “Chitocol” and “Chitocol-Hemo” for use in the development of regulatory, technological and operational documentation on medical devices. An experimental study of wound dressings “Chitocol-CS”, “Chitocol-CDA” and “Chitocol-CSC” showed that their use leads to a reduction in the area of wounds by more than 90 % by 15 days of treatment, the maximum healing speed when applying the first two samples accounted for the first phase of the wound process (1–5 days), and in the group with purulent-necrotic process on 10–15 days of treatment. In the treatment of clean and infected wounds with the “Chitocol-CS” and “Chitocol-CDA” samples, complete healing and completion of the epithelization process began by 15 days, and in the group using “Chitocol-CSC” the proliferative phase of inflammation was in full swing.Conclusion. Quantitative indicators of medical and technical characteristics of innovative biologically active wound healing and hemostatic agents based on a (bio) polyelectrolyte complex of chitosan and collagen or chitosan with immobilized antimicrobial (dioxidine, colloidal silver), analgesic (anilokain) and proteolytic (chymotrypsin) positive results, as well preliminary preclinical study of wound healing agents with dioxidine and anilokain (“Chitocol-CDA”), colloidal silver (“Chitocol-CS”), colloidal silver and chymotrypsin (“Chitocol-CSC”) provide the basis for continuing work on toxicological, acceptance technical preclinical and clinical trials with the aim of experimental confirmation of the expected effectiveness and safety of the developed products.

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Anggur Laut terhadap Penurunan Kadar Kolesterol LDL Rattus norvegicus Jantan yang Mendapat Diet Tinggi Lemak

<p align="justify"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong><strong></strong></p><p align="justify"><strong>Background</strong>: High fat diet increase the absorption of lipid in the intestinum, that can lead to increase LDL cholesterol level in the blood. Sea grapes extract (<em>Caulerpa racemosa</em>) contains antioxidant polyphenolic group that can reduce MTP and ACAT-2 in the body that can decrease LDL cholesterol level in the blood.The purpose of this study is to know the effect of sea grapes extract on decreasing LDL cholesterol of white male Wistar rats (<em>Rattus norvegicus</em>) fed with high fat diet.</p><p align="justify"><strong>Method</strong>: 24 white male Wistar rats, that divided into 3 groups: 1) group of rats fed with standard diet for 28 days; 2) group of rats fed with high fat diet for 28 days; 3) group of rats fed with high fat diet for 28 days and given 10 gram/kg body weight/day of sea grapes extract on 15<sup>th</sup>-28<sup>th</sup> days. Then the blood LDL cholesterol level measured on the 29<sup>th</sup> day.</p><p align="justify"><strong>Result :</strong> One-Way ANOVA Test showed there was significant difference (p=0.004) of LDL level between the group of rats fed with standard diet (12.37 mg/dl) compared to group of rats fed with high fat diet (17.87 mg/dl). There was significant difference (p=0.001) of LDL level between the group of rats fed with high fat diet (17.87 mg/dl) compared to group of rats fed with high fat diet and sea grapes extract (10.12 mg/dl).</p><p align="justify"><strong>Conclusion: </strong>high fat diet significantly increase blood LDL cholesterol level and sea grapes extract (<em>Caulerpa racemosa</em>) significantly decrease blood LDL cholesterol level.</p><p align="justify"> </p><p align="justify"><strong>Keywords :</strong>Sea grapes extract, LDL cholesterol, high fat diet</p>

Effectiveness of Garlic Water Extract Gel (Allium sativum. L) Against Necrotic Factor Alfa (TNF-α) Tumors and Mouth Ulcer Diameter in Rats

Oral ulcers are pathological conditions that are characterized by loss of epithelial tissue, causing inflammation. During inflammation, the inflammatory mediator is TNF will increase. Therefore, drugs are needed to suppress TNF-levels to suppress inflammation. One of the herbal ingredients that can suppress inflammation is garlic. In vivo laboratory experimental research with pre-post systems. The samples used were 36 male Wistar white rats divided into 6 groups (6 individuals / groups), namely the group without drug treatment (as pre-treatment data), negative control group namely HPMC gel base, positive control given benzydamin, group treatment I was given a garlic water extract gel 20%, treatment group II was given a garlic water extract gel 40%, treatment group III were given a garlic water extract gel 80%. The drug is given topically 2 times a day for 4 days. Making oral ulcers is done by placing filter paper that has been soaked in a 50% acetic acid solution in the labial area of the mandibular gingival tissue. Measurement of oral ulcers was performed on the 1st day after the manufacture of oral ulcers and the 5th day. On the 5th day all the mice were sacrificed to be taken gingival tissue and TNF-levels were measured. using ELISA. Data analysis using SPSS version 24 and One Way Anova test with 5% specification followed by Post Hoc Test using LSD test and Games Howell. Analysis using One Way Anova showed that there were significant differences in TNF-levels and the diameter of the oral ulcer (p <0.05) between groups which indicated that the garlic water extract gel applied in the area of the oral ulcer affected TNF levels. and the diameter of the oral ulcer. LSD test results showed that 80% effective garlic water extract gel significantly reduced TNF levels. (p <0.05). Games Howell test results showed that 20%, 40% and 80% garlic water extract gel had the same effectiveness as benzydamin in decreasing the diameter of oral ulcer. Garlic water extract gel (Allium sativum. L) concentration was 80% more effective than benzydamin for decreasing TNF levels Garlic water extract gel (Allium sativum. L) concentrations of 20%, 40% and 80% are as effective as benzydamin in reducing the diameter of oral ulcers in male wistar strain rats.