White Wash Research Articles

An experimental study on strength of concrete having calcium carbonate as a partial replacement material to cement and natural river sand

Limestone is a sedimentary rock mainly composed of calcium carbonate mineral. Limestone is quarried abundantly in and around Piduguralla region, Andhra Pradesh, India. Good quality limestone is used to manufacture cement. Calcium oxide is used as white wash which is obtained by heating calcium carbonate. Limestone, as fine powder or as coarse grains is also used as base for paint. In this research, the calcium carbonate mineral in the form of limestone procured from Piduguralla region is used in concrete in two different forms i.e as powder form and as sand form. The cement was partially replaced with the calcium carbonate powder when the calcium carbonate is used as fine powder. The natural river sand was partially/fully replaced with calcium carbonate sand when the calcium carbonate is used as sand (coarser) form. Experiments on cube, cylinder and beam specimens are conducted using Universal Testing Machine to establish compression strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete having calcium carbonate. The test results support the usage of calcium carbonate in concrete to enhance the strength of concrete. Up to thirty percent cement can be replaced with calcium carbonate powder without adversely affecting the strength of concrete. Natural river sand can be partially/fully replaced with calcium carbonate sand which in turn increases the strength of concrete, but the optimum percentage of replacement is fifty percent of natural sand

KOMBINASI ORNAMEN BALI UTARA DAN BALI SELATAN PADA PINTU KUWADI

Internship/work practice is a form of lectures through work activities directly in the world of work. This internship program aims to improve and hone skills and deepen understanding as well as work motivation in the development of soft skills and hard skills. The method used in the implementation of the apprenticeship method is data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation carried out at Galih Ukir related to the creation that is carried out. The implementation of the internship is carried out by the creation process using the method of crafting according to Gustami, which is divided into 3 stages in the creation process, the exploration stage includes data collection and extracting ideas. Second, the design stage includes pouring out ideas in visual form in the form of basic sketches, alternatives and working drawings. Third, the embodiment stage, namely making it happen through the processing of raw materials, assembling, engraving and finishing. The result of the internship at Galih Ukir was getting an understanding and training on the creation of kuwadi door products with modern concepts without losing the traditional character. So that a kuwadi door is created with a modern concept that is decorated with a combination of North and South Bali ornaments with a white wash finishing technique so as to create an antique impression on the product.

Performance Optimization of Super White Washed Stretch Denim Fabric by Deviating Washing Process Time and Machine RPM

Over the last few decades, a lot of innovations and development works had already made denim “classic” in the fashion cycle. The modern consumers of today’s world are not only devoting themselves on clothing comfort but also emphasizing on economic and environmental sustainability. As a result, there has been increasing interests in terms of using environment friendly, non-toxic and biodegradable wet process such as super white wash. Though it enlarged higher consumer aspects and market opportunities in the denim washing technology, no research work had done yet regarding to super white wash. It can easily be applied to solid fabrics and finished garments. This research work was intended to analyze the physical and chemical changes of denim fabric while incorporating into super white wash at variable process parameters such as washing process time and machine rpm. Though its prime objective is to improve the whitening effect of textiles and apparels, it also can improve color strength (K/S), color fastness properties (color fastness to washing, color fastness to light, color fastness to perspiration), pilling resistance and fabric handle. In this article, it was demonstrated that all the fabric samples achieved gradual deterioration of tensile strength, tear strength and dimensional stability with the increase of washing process time and machine rpm up to a certain stage. Furthermore, the fabric samples showed better results regarding whitening index (WI), color strength (K/S), pilling resistance, fabric handle and color fastness properties with the gradual rise of washing process time and machine rpm. There were some notable changes in fabric GSM at the following washing conditions.

An Empirical Analysis of Sustainable Denim Washing Technology in the Apparel Industries

Over the last few decades, a lot of innovations and development works had already made denim “classic” in the fashion cycle. The modern consumers of today’s world are not only devoting themselves on clothing comfort but also emphasizing on economic and environmental sustainability. As a result, there has been increasing interests in terms of using environment friendly, non-toxic and highly biodegradable wet and dry process of denim washing technology, which is a combination of both the mechanical and chemical washing process. These are generally applied for denim garments and casual wearing. Without garment washing technology, apparels can’t draw proper attention on its end-users, just because it includes very few value added properties (such as hand feel, clothing comfort) with a view to attaining customer satisfaction. In addition, it improves the quality characteristics of apparels within low price margin. Some ecofriendly dry process of garments washing includes whiskering, hand sand, grinding, destroy effects. On the contrary, some wet process (such as enzyme wash, super white wash, bleach wash, acid wash, acid-stone wash, enzyme-stone wash and stone wash) utilizes very less amount of toxic dyes and chemicals. This research work simply made a general discussion related to the different types of garments dry and wet process. It also dealt with necessary apparatus, SOPs (Standard Operating Process), operational steps of sustainable and ecofriendly denim washing technology. Within limited global resources, it can help manufacturers and garments washing technologists to diversify the product and market of apparel trades.

White Wash: Persistent Inequity and Privilege in Ivy League Athletic Departments

The long shadow of the Varsity Blues college admissions scandal passed over my institution, Brown University, when Gordon Ernst, a Brown graduate who was the head coach of men's and women's tennis ...

SEROPOSITIVITY OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS;

Objectives: This study was conducted to find out the occupation basedHCV prevalence in the rural communities of Punjab. Settings: Rural communities of Punjab,Pakistan. Study Design: Epidemiological, descriptive, cross sectional study. Study Period:January 2013 to June 2016. Methods: Punjab was divided into three regions. Three districtswere selected from each region and from each district three rural union councils were selected.After the approval of institutional review committee, non-probability convenience basedsampling technique was adopted and study subjects of different occupations were includedin the study. A structured questionnaire was prepared for data collection. Standard procedurefor HCV screening was observed. The collected data was organized and entered into version22 of SPSS for analysis. Results: A total of 1465 subjects related to ten different occupationsincluded in the study and tested for anti HCV antibodies, out of which 323 (22%) were positive.The prevalence was much higher in the collector of hospital garbage (67.2%) followed by factoryworkers (30.3%) and white wash painters (26.6%) respectively. The lowest prevalence rate wasobserved in black smith workers (10%) and carpenters (5.5%) only. Conclusion: This studyconclude occupation based prevalence rate of (22%) in rural Punjab. This is a high prevalencewhich need the immediate attention of the policy makers. It is recommended to manage anoccupation based hepatitis awareness and screening campaign for the affected and generalcommunity.

Effects of white Wash Coating Agent on the Growth of Strawberry Seedlings in Plastic Greenhouses

Effects of white Wash Coating Agent on the Growth of Strawberry Seedlings in Plastic Greenhouses

A History of African Americans on the Water and by the Shore: Whitewashed and Recovered

PROFILING THE LIVES OF BLACK SURFERS in California, the Pacific islands, Florida, and the Caribbean, the documentary film White Wash tells an important story of black cultural formation and expression in modern America, and challenges some of the most widely held assumptions about race and identity in popular culture today. Beautifully narrated by Ben Harper and Tariq “Black Thought” Trotter of The Roots, who also scored the film, White Wash is a testament to the power of leisure and sports to both challenge and transcend racial constructs. It takes as its subject one of the most quintessentially “white” sports in America today—surfing—and reveals its fundamentally multicultural origins and development, and its continued relevance to segments of black America today. More than simply a recovery of a previously neglected chapter in black life and history, White Wash addresses the question of how certain sports and activities came to be labeled “white” or “black” in the public’s mind, and how the racialization of sports shaped and informed the meaning of racial difference for both whites and people of color in the Americas. White Wash is a sweeping and engrossing tale of human perseverance and cultural resiliency, set along the edges of the continent and the islands of the Atlantic and Pacific, where, for centuries, people of diverse backgrounds came into contact and where the creolization of cultures began. Not coincidentally, the beach has also been the place where the “color line” was drawn and enforced with great vigilance, where the project of defining race and segregating “races” was most urgent, and where the erasure of African contributions to the making of American cultures was most thorough. Thus, for most Americans today, beach culture is synonymous with white culture. Visually, surfing conjures images of blondehaired Caucasians in wet suits, and sonically, brings to mind musicians such as The Beach Boys, Dick Dale, and songs such as “Pipeline” and “Wipe Out.” The film shows how popular understandings of what constitutes beach culture in America today is the product of a history of exclusion, backed by fear and the constant threat of

California Dreamin’, Whiteness, and the American Dream

WHEN AMERICANS THINK ABOUT the Civil Rights Movement, most may conjure images of lunchcounter sitins, bus boycotts, and protest marches, but director Ted Woods’s documentary film White Wash introduces us to a different segregated corner of American life, one which no less cried out for its own integration struggle and racial redress. For Woods, equal access to leisure pursuits and sports may rank as no less important than the ability to cast a ballot, get a job, or sit down anywhere and keep one’s seat while riding a bus. In White Wash, Woods points his camera away from dry land and toward the beaches of Southern California and, in particular, the recreational activity and sport of surfing. White Wash narrates a fascinating story that most accounts of the Civil Rights struggles of the 1950s and 1960s—and certainly, I would venture, most courses on the subject—leave out. Woods backgrounds the narrative with a capsule history of surfing as a precolonial pastime in coastal Africa, Hawaii, and the Pacific, which the European and American colonizers suppressed, and with a look at segregated black beach life in early twentiethcentury America when white citizens and civic leaders kept African Americans away from large stretches of the water and maintained whitesonly recreational spaces. In Southern California, African American protestors challenged these in wadeins where they met the truncheons and attack dogs deployed by beefy uniformed white police whose displays of violence evoked the worst of the 1950s South. But Woods focuses on another part of the story, the testimony of young African Americans, their curiosity about the sport piqued, who were drawn to the water and, themselves a curiosity, were welcomed into the white surfing subculture in places like Malibu, oceanside communities far removed from the black areas of Los Angeles. In the end, though, Woods’s film, while admirably and extensively transnational in its framing, is less an analysis of the racial order and the forces that suborned and sustained racial oppression or a call for structural or programmatic change to rectify inequalities based upon race, than a presentation of surfing and sport as universal and colorblind human pursuits, human

"We’re Blacksurfing": Public History and Liberation Politics in White Wash

Research Article| January 01 2016 "We’re Blacksurfing": Public History and Liberation Politics in White Wash Krista Comer Krista Comer Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of American Ethnic History (2016) 35 (2): 68–78. https://doi.org/10.5406/jamerethnhist.35.2.0068 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Krista Comer; "We’re Blacksurfing": Public History and Liberation Politics in White Wash. Journal of American Ethnic History 1 January 2016; 35 (2): 68–78. doi: https://doi.org/10.5406/jamerethnhist.35.2.0068 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressJournal of American Ethnic History Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 2016 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois2016 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

From White Wash to Black Ice: Black Athletes in Unexpected Places

[Mary] Douglas argues that what really disturbs cultural order is when things turn up in the wrong category. . . . Stable cultures require things to stay in their appointed place. Symbolic boundaries keep the categories “pure,” giving cultures their unique meaning and identity. What unsettles culture is “matter out of place”—the breaking of unwritten rules and codes. Dirt in the garden is fine, but dirt in one’s bedroom is “matter out of place”—a sign of pollution, of symbolic boundaries being transgressed, of taboos broken. What we do with “matter out of place” is to sweep it up, throw it out, restore the place to order, bring back the normal state of affairs.

The impact of different sprayable surfaces on the effectiveness of indoor residual spraying using a micro encapsulated formulation of lambda-cyhalothrin against Anopheles gambiae s.s.

BackgroundThe type of sprayable surface impacts on residual efficacy of insecticide used in indoor residual spraying (IRS). However, there is limited data on common types of wall surfaces sprayed in Zanzibar and mainland Tanzania where IRS began in 2006 and 2007 respectively. The study investigated residual efficacy of micro-encapsulated lambda-cyhalothrin sprayed on common surfaces of human dwellings and domestic animal shelters in Zanzibar and mainland Tanzania.MethodsAn experimental hut was constructed with different types of materials simulating common sprayable surfaces in Zanzibar and mainland Tanzania. Surfaces included cement plastered wall, mud-daub, white-wash, wood, palm-thatch, galvanized iron-sheets, burnt-bricks, limestone and oil-paint. The World Health Organization (WHO) procedure for IRS was used to spray lambda-cyhalothrin on surfaces at the dose of 20–25 mg/m2. Residual efficacy of insecticide was monitored through cone bioassay using laboratory-reared mosquitoes; Kisumu strain (R–70) of Anopheles gambiae ss. Cone bioassay was done every fortnight for a period of 152 days. The WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES) threshold (80% mortality) was used as cut-off point for acceptable residual efficacy.ResultsA total of 5,800 mosquitoes were subjected to contact cone bioassay to test residual efficacy of lambda-cyhalothrin. There was a statistically significant variation in residual efficacy between the different types of wall surfaces (r = 0.24; p < 0.001). Residual efficacy decreased with increasing pH of the substrate (r = −0.5; p < 0.001). Based on WHOPES standards, shorter residual efficacy (42-56 days) was found in wall substrates made of cement, limestone, mud-daub, oil paint and white wash. Burnt bricks retained the residual efficacy up to 134 days while galvanized iron sheets, palm thatch and wood retained the recommended residual efficacy beyond 152 days.ConclusionThe study revealed a wide variation in residual efficacy of micro encapsulated formulation of lambda-cyhalothrin across the different types of wall surfaces studied. In areas where malaria transmission is bimodal and wall surfaces with short residual efficacy comprise > 20% of sprayable structures, two rounds of IRS using lambda-cyhalothrin should be considered. Further studies are required to investigate the impact of sprayable surfaces on residual efficacy of other insecticides commonly used for IRS in Zanzibar and mainland Tanzania.

Extra-Legal White Washes

Do class action and other high profile lawsuits change corporate social behavior and create corporate social responsibility? While the answer is decidedly mixed, the litigation literature focuses on measures of legal compliance. Yet compliance is only one piece of the puzzle. In addition to choosing a compliance strategy, corporate actors can also deploy extra-legal behavior to respond to high profile litigation. This extra-legal behavior, by which I mean action taken in the shadow of the law, deserves additional scrutiny. Many have written about how litigation or regulation or the threat thereof can spark self regulation, but corporations manage a large toolbox of extra-legal tools of which self regulation is only one. This article identifies and investigates a different extra-legal response- the white wash. To take up this challenge of theorizing corporations’ extra-legal toolbox, this paper begins by briefly explaining the interaction of reputation and corporate wrongdoing. I then provide a multi-element definition of an extra-legal white wash. As no uniform definition of “washing” yet exists, this article offers a useful focal point to unite the disparate studies across disciplines and substantive legal areas. In order to explore the underpinnings of a specific type of a white wash, this article highlights Wal-Mart’s response to the Dukes class action litigation as a potential example of an extra-legal white wash. This includes a critical look at some recently undertaken policies and practices in the areas of hiring, promotion, and women’s issues more generally. Finally, this paper addresses the normative implications of extra-legal white washing. If one believes an underlying grievance is legitimate, then extra-legal white washing seems inherently problematic. When such extra-legal white washing ultimately succeeds in changing the conversation, the hypocrisy may constitute an additional, though non-legally cognizable, harm to the aggrieved. Notwithstanding these very real harms, this paper also identifies some conditions under which normatively desirable extra-legal white washing is possible and may even grow to address the underlying grievances. The paper concludes by noting the role law has to play in not only instigating extra-legal white washes, but in regulating them as well. It speaks to the larger potential of and need for access to robust substantive law to identify and remedy grievances.

Before the White Cube

To those familiar with seventeenth-century Dutch painting, the name of Pieter Saenredam evokes white-washed church interiors devoid of any kind of decoration. Saenredam’s painting of the choir of the church of St. Bavo in Haarlem (Worcester, Art Museum) shows a tall Gothic structure, without any color except for the small crests painted on the two black rouwborden (mourning tables) belonging to the well-known families whose members are buried in the church.2 St. Bavo had, of course, not always looked the way it did in Saenredam’s time. Built in the Middle Ages, it must once have had wall paintings, tapestries, and stained glass windows, as well as a well-appointed altar surmounted by a painted or carved altar piece. After 1578, when the church was converted from Catholicism to Protestantism, all this art work was removed and the church assumed the austere and pristine character evoked in Saenredam’s painting. At the root of the church’s metamorphosis were the teachings of John Calvin, who emphasized that worship is spiritual, individual, and focused only on God. That led him to advocate for spaces of worship that were simple and bare, offering no distraction.3 In Calvinist Holland, the Medieval Catholic churches that were taken over by the Calvinists were emptied of all art work and the frescoed walls were covered with white wash. Thus the faithful could concentrate on God and God alone. While in Northern Europe, under the influence of the Reformation, churches were turned into empty white spaces, in the South, the Counter-Reformation

Review: White Wash

Review: White Wash

After Suicide

After Suicide John Hart (bio) It’s funny. I remember glances— a beach, his smile, but mostly the white wash of sun, indefinable. But, what was still there? Faded black tattoo, the comfortable, blue eyes. In the dark, one hair was left lying on the kitchen table by his phone. He once kept me up all night with complaints that leaves don’t fall off the trees in the South. He would have been prepared to live in a world of fall. Asleep, life plays itself like a movie scene I missed—my son in his bathroom before the mirror, a director calling the shot, my son’s face disappearing. Outside, the grey sky makes its entrance behind empty branches. [End Page 42] John Hart John Hart was born and raised in Kansas City, Kansas. He currently resides in Winter Park, Florida. Copyright © 2010 Johns Hopkins University Press

Tag &amp; Trace Marketing

Tag &amp; Trace Marketing

Alternative Sources of Stem Cells

Embryonic stem cell research pits the promise of curing devastating diseases and saving lives against the destruction of human life at its earliest stages. To circumvent this moral dilemma, the President's Council on Bioethics recently published a paper, Alternative Sources of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells, (1) that examines four ways human pluripotent cells might be derived without killing human embryos. The effort to find such alternatives demonstrates a welcome recognition of the potential benefit of ESC research--sometimes dismissed as mere hype by its opponents. The White Paper is no white wash: the scientific and ethical obstacles to finding acceptable alternatives are clearly laid out, and the diversity of opinion among the Council members is honestly acknowledged. Given the deep moral or religious opposition to destroying human embryos, the attempt to find alternative sources of human pluripotent cells is clearly worthwhile. The question, however, remains: can this be done, and at what cost? Deriving stem cells from embryos. The first proposal is based on an analogy with organ donation: just as it is ethically acceptable to remove organs from no-longer-living developed human beings, it should be equally acceptable to remove stem cells from no-longer-living human embryos. Using the traditional definition of death as the irreversible loss of the integrated functioning of an organism as a whole, Donald Landry and Howard Zucker of the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons suggested in a proposal to the council that the embryo is properly considered organismically dead when it has irreversibly lost the capacity for continued and integrated cellular division, growth, and differentiation. A central question raised by the proposal and taken up in the paper is whether the concept of organismic death--the death of an organism as a whole--can meaningfully be applied to organisms at the very beginning of life, when they are composed of a few undifferentiated cells. Moreover, even if the concept can be applied, determining that an embryo has died is more difficult than it is for an adult. An embryo has no integrating organs: no brain to be brain-dead, no heart to cease beating and circulating blood. The problem is compounded by the fact that, in order for stem cells to be derived, the arrested embryos must contain at least some viable cells that retain normal developmental potential and that can be induced to resume dividing. But if these cells can resume dividing under certain conditions, has the embryo in fact died? Janet Rowley, a member of the President's Council, raises a different objection. She notes that part of the proposal involves observing thawed IVF embryos to see which ones have undergone spontaneous cleavage arrest and are thus organismically dead. However, not all the thawed embryos will be dead; about half will continue to grow and divide. What will happen to these healthy embryos? They will be allowed to die while scientists struggle to recoup a few living cells from the embryos! She finds totally baffling the notion that it is ethically sound to let healthy embryos die rather than use them to try to develop cell lines that could benefit sick and dying patients. Nonharmful biopsy. The second proposal is based on the idea that stem cell lines might be derived from single cells extracted from early embryos in ways that do not destroy the embryo, which could then be used for reproduction. The impetus for this proposal comes from preimplantation genetic diagnosis, in which one or two cells are removed from an embryo created through IVF. (The cells are then tested for genetic disease.) More than 1,000 babies have been born worldwide after PGD, with apparently no ill effects. However, in the absence of long-term safety studies, it is not possible to determine conclusively that embryo biopsy is safe for the future child. …

Alternative Sources for Stem Cells

Alternative Sources of Stem Cells Bonnie Steinbock (bio) Embryonic stem cell research pits the promise of curing devastating diseases and saving lives against the destruction of human life at its earliest stages. To circumvent this moral dilemma, the President's Council on Bioethics recently published a white paper, Alternative Sources of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells,1 that examines four ways human pluripotent cells might be derived without killing human embryos. The effort to find such alternatives demonstrates a welcome recognition of the potential benefit of ESC research—sometimes dismissed as mere "hype" by its opponents. The White Paper is no "white wash": the scientific and ethical obstacles [End Page 24] to finding acceptable alternatives are clearly laid out, and the diversity of opinion among the Council members is honestly acknowledged. Given the deep moral or religious opposition to destroying human embryos, the attempt to find alternative sources of human pluripotent cells is clearly worthwhile. The question, however, remains: can this be done, and at what cost? Deriving stem cells from dead embryos. The first proposal is based on an analogy with organ donation: just as it is ethically acceptable to remove organs from no-longer-living developed human beings, it should be equally acceptable to remove stem cells from no-longer-living human embryos. Using the traditional definition of death as the irreversible loss of the integrated functioning of an organism as a whole, Donald Landry and Howard Zucker of the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons suggested in a proposal to the council that the embryo is properly considered "organismically dead" when it has irreversibly lost the capacity for continued and integrated cellular division, growth, and differentiation. A central question raised by the proposal and taken up in the white paper is whether the concept of organismic death—the death of an organism as a whole—can meaningfully be applied to organisms at the very beginning of life, when they are composed of a few undifferentiated cells. Moreover, even if the concept can be applied, determining that an embryo has died is more difficult than it is for an adult. An embryo has no integrating organs: no brain to be "brain-dead," no heart to cease beating and circulating blood. The problem is compounded by the fact that, in order for stem cells to be derived, the arrested embryos must contain at least some viable cells that retain normal developmental potential and that can be induced to resume dividing. But if these cells can resume dividing under certain conditions, has the embryo in fact died? Janet Rowley, a member of the President's Council, raises a different objection. She notes that part of the proposal involves observing thawed IVF embryos to see which ones have undergone spontaneous cleavage arrest and are thus "organismically dead." However, not all the thawed embryos will be dead; about half will continue to grow and divide. What will happen to these healthy embryos? They will be allowed to die while "scientists struggle to recoup a few living cells from the dead embryos!" She finds "totally baffling" the notion that it is ethically sound to let healthy embryos die rather than use them to try to develop cell lines that could benefit sick and dying patients. Nonharmful biopsy. The second proposal is based on the idea that stem cell lines might be derived from single cells extracted from early embryos in ways that do not destroy the embryo, which could then be used for reproduction. The impetus for this proposal comes from preimplantation genetic diagnosis, in which one or two cells are removed from an embryo created through IVF. (The cells are then tested for genetic disease.) More than 1,000 babies have been born worldwide after PGD, with apparently no ill effects. However, in the absence of long-term safety studies, it is not possible to determine conclusively that embryo biopsy is safe for the future child. The justification for PGD, with its unknown long-term risks, is that it enables at-risk couples to have their own biological child free from a specific genetic disease. By contrast, in this proposal, a healthy embryo would be subjected to biopsy procedures to extract stem...

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