White Privilege Research Articles

White privilege and teacher perceptions of teacher-child relationship quality

In this study, we investigated differences in teachers' perceptions of the teacher-child relationship from kindergarten through second grade as a function of child race and gender from the perspective of critical race theory and the cultural synchrony hypothesis. Given the extensive evidence of White privilege and anti-Black racism in the US education system, we expected that teachers, particularly White teachers, would perceive their relationships with White children more positively than with Black children. Controlling for family SES and child gender, results supported this hypothesis. Black boys had the highest risk of being perceived by teachers as having poor relationships with teachers in kindergarten (highest conflict and lowest closeness) and White girls had the lowest risk. In addition, teachers perceived relationships with Black boys as increasing in conflict across first and second grades at higher rates than with White and female children. These findings remained after examining teacher-child racial match as a moderator. Our results indicate that racism and sexism work together to explain the perceptions teachers have of children in the early elementary grades. Implications for training teachers and school psychologists on anti-racism and cultural competency are discussed.

Perceptions of Racism and White Privilege Among White Graduate Students in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology.

In the White-dominated fields of audiology and speech-language pathology, graduate students should demonstrate awareness of racism and racial privilege to begin developing cultural humility. A 2013 survey of graduate students in audiology and speech-language pathology indicated that White students demonstrated minimal awareness of White privilege (Ebert, 2013). This study builds on Ebert (2013) by investigating changes in White students' perceptions of White privilege over time and by adding characterization of their perceptions of systemic racism. A web-based survey was distributed to graduate students in audiology and speech-language pathology programs across the country. The survey combined repeat questions from the work of Ebert (2013) with novel questions on systemic racism within the fields. For this study, only responses from White students were analyzed. The majority of White respondents (n = 104) acknowledged White privilege and systemic racism, though colorblindness and denial were still present among student responses. Significant increases in acknowledgment of White privilege from the Ebert (2013) results were observed across all questions. In qualitative analyses, the most common themes were the impact of White privilege and systemic racism on quality of services, access and opportunities, and clinician-client mismatch. Among White audiology and speech-language pathology graduate students, awareness of White privilege has increased over the past decade and most students acknowledge this privilege, as well as systemic racism. However, additional steps should be taken by students, graduate training programs, and practicing clinicians to continue confronting racial inequities in the fields. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.22714222.

The Matrix of Violence: Intersectionality and Necropolitics in the Murder of Transgender People in the United States, 1990–2019

It is well established that there are racial and gendered inequalities in murders of cisgender people. However, lack of data has hampered intersectional analyses of these factors for transgender people. Addressing that gap, this article presents findings from an original data set of murders of transgender people in the United States during the 30-year period from 1990 through 2019. Findings reveal that the gender and racial gaps in homicide of transgender people far exceed those of cisgender people. Transgender women are substantially more likely to be murdered than transgender men, and transgender women of color are murdered much more frequently than white transgender women. Attending to sexuality is also important because a substantial number of murders of transgender women occur in sexual interactions. However, transgender women of color are more likely to be killed while exchanging sex for money, whereas sex work circumstances are uncommon among white victims. I explain these patterns through what I term the matrix of violence, a structuring structure in which intersecting systems of stratification interact with necropolitical social institutions to facilitate certain types of violence while deterring others. In the conclusion, I use the findings to explore ways to reduce violence against transgender people.

Nordic Connectors: The Gallen-Kallela Family and Colonial Lives in East Africa and New Mexico

ABSTRACT This article tracks the movements of Finnish painter Akseli Gallen-Kallela and his family across transimperial terrain in the early twentieth century in British East Africa and New Mexico in the United States. It shows that Nordic peoples, even from countries without colonies of their own, acted as mobile transmitters of knowledge in the world of empires, as respectable bourgeois connectors absorbing local white cultural habits and living a typical colonial life of the time, while also being at times critical of their surroundings. The Gallen-Kallela family accessed different cultural spaces, and they were welcomed into colonial communities. They observed, experienced, partook in, and wrote on inter-imperial themes of racial difference, hunting, and collecting of artefacts. They, somewhat paradoxically, embraced and took advantage of colonial networks and white privilege, while also seeking to escape them and find something authentic, unspoiled by empires. The Gallen-Kallelas encountered different kinds of colonial social settings and they were entrenched in these cultures and played a role in producing and maintaining them. As Finns they were free agents, but still colonial agents, who answered to nobody.

“I am not by any stretch a gardener, just curious”: Feminist Gentrifier Memoirs and an Ethics of Urban Gardening

Even though the texts that this article refers to as “feminist gentrifier memoirs” are not exclusively examples of garden writing, their feminist writers’ gardening practices feature prominently to explore their conflicted position in a gentrifying neighborhood and the networks of care that form out of neighborly interactions over the garden. Drawing on urban studies in the social sciences and humanities, literary studies, and environmental humanities, the article turns to Anne Elizabeth Moore’s Gentrifier (2021) and Vikki Warner’s Tenemental (2018) as prominent engagements with the complex emotions caused by their writers’ white privilege, homeownership, and complicity in processes of displacement and real estate speculation. These texts employ modes and affordances of garden writing, feminist memoir, urban memoir, and gentrification fiction. The article further considers the ways they are influenced by the activism of community gardening and benefit from sustainability measures of cities, including urban farms and gardens (summarized under the keywords green or environmental gentrification).

Random bisexual forests: Intersections between gender, sexuality, and race in /s/ production

The ideology of “the gay lisp” has inspired numerous quantitative studies examining the relationship between /s/ production and sexuality in American English (e.g. Linville 1998; Munson et al. 2006a; Zimman 2013). There are two key gaps in this literature. First, research in this area typically focuses on monosexual (i.e. lesbian, gay, and straight) speakers to the exclusion of bisexuality. Second, work in this area rarely considers the intersection of sexuality with factors outside of gender or sex, and to a lesser extent geographic location (e.g. Campbell-Kibler 2011; Podesva & Hofwegen 2014). This article addresses these disparities by (1) centralizing bisexual speakers and (2) attending to social factors such as race, place, age, and their intersections in the analysis. To that end, we build upon previous work by Willis (forthcoming) and apply a random forest (Breiman 2001) to /s/ center of gravity measurements. In doing so, we follow Tagliamonte and Baayen (2012) in demonstrating the utility of random forests as an approach to quantitative sociolinguistic analysis. Ultimately, the analysis underscores the need to attend to power structures and biases within research practice: the monosexist ideologies of sexuality and gender normativity that obfuscate bisexuality, and the privileging of whiteness that permeates quantitative studies of sexuality and the voice.

Effects of a white privilege framing and a test of moderators

Effects of a white privilege framing and a test of moderators

Decolonising dental educational research: reflections from a white researcher.

While there is an emerging scholarship on decolonising dentistry, the debate about reflexivity, positionality and white privilege in dental educational research and practice is still at a developmental stage. This article aims to contribute to this nascent debate by contemplating the question- is it appropriate, or possible, for a white researcher to undertake decolonisation work in dental education? If so, what would it entail or 'look' like? To answer this important question, the author offers a reflective account of their ethical and epistemological journey with this very question. This journey begins with how I, a white researcher, first became aware of the everyday racism experienced by my racially and ethnically minoritized students, the whiteness of dental educational spaces and how my white privilege and position as a dental educator consciously and unconsciously implicated me in these processes of exclusion and discrimination. While this revelation led to a personal commitment to do better in my practice, both as an educator and a researcher, I continue to struggle with my white ignorance and white fragility as I strive to make my work more inclusive. To illustrate this, I discuss an ethnodrama project on everyday racism that I lead on and how, despite choosing a more democratic research method, hegemonic whiteness continued to make its presence felt through my 'going it alone' method of work. This reflective account reaffirms that regular and routine self-reflection is key to ensuring that racialised inappropriate and damaging assumptions, frameworks of thinking, and ways of working are checked for. However, my praxis won't evolve through critical introspection alone. I need to be open to making mistakes, educating myself about racism and anti-racist practice, asking for help and guidance from my minoritized colleagues and more importantly, committing to working with people from minoritized communities rather than on them.

Certain Concealments: Poe, Hawthorne, and Early Nineteenth-Century Abortion

Certain Concealments: Poe, Hawthorne, and Early Nineteenth-Century Abortion

The Lack of Race and Ethnicity Data in Australia—A Threat to Achieving Health Equity

Collecting meaningful race and ethnicity data must be part of the national agenda and must be one of its primary objectives in order to achieve public good and support public interests. Yet, Australia does not collect data on race and ethnicity, and prefers the use of collective cultural groups, whose information is not consistently collected and reported at all levels of government and service delivery. This paper examines the current discrepancies in race and ethnicity data collection in Australia. The paper begins with examining the current practices related to collecting race and ethnicity data and then moves on to examine the various implications and public health significance of not collecting data on race and ethnicity in Australia. The evidence suggests that (1) race and ethnicity data matter, are imperative to ensuring proper advocacy and to reducing inequities in health and social determinant factors; (2) that White privilege is constructed as realized or unrealized personal and systemic racism; and (3) the use of non-committal collective terminologies makes visible minorities invisible, leads to the distorted allocation of governmental support, and legitimises and institutionalises racism and othering, hence perpetuating exclusion and the risk of victimisation. There is an urgent need for the collection of customized, culturally competent racial and ethnicity data that can be consistently integrated into all policy interventions, service delivery and research funding across all levels of governance in Australia. Reducing and eliminating racial and ethnic disparities is not only an ethical, social, and economic imperative, but must also be a critical item on the national agenda. Bridging the racial and ethnic disparities will require concerted whole-of-government efforts to collect consistent and reliable data that depict racial and ethnic characteristics beyond collective cultural groupings.

Introduction

Introduction

Geographies of COVID‐19

Geographies of COVID‐19

Co-opting domesticity: apartheid, South African Jewish women, and community cookbooks

ABSTRACT At the onset of the apartheid era, Jewish women across South Africa began to publish community cookbooks to raise money for Jewish schools, synagogues, and other organizations. Through their combination of recipes, titles, advertisements, prefaces, and guidelines, community cookbooks narrated the economic, social, and cultural successes of the women who compiled them. In the postwar period, South African Jewish women sought a place for themselves in Jewish communal life, and in the white middle class of the country’s new apartheid order. By producing and consuming community cookbooks, these women armed themselves with the organizational platform and the cultural capital that would help them claim that place. In order to be able to step into the public sphere while meeting their domestic obligations, they came to rely on the invisibilized labor of the black women who worked in their homes and kitchens. The paper uses cookbooks to think critically about the position of South African Jews in the apartheid system, analyzing how Jewish women benefited from the privileges of whiteness in the intimate arena of their homes.

The voice of the Other in a ‘liberal’ ivory tower: Exploring the counterstory of an Asian international student on structural racism in US academia

ABSTRACT The normative institutional practices of White, native English speakers have been explored in detail by CRT scholars in US academia, and these practices perpetuate a system which maintains White privilege to the detriment and systemic exclusion of the Other. Consequently, students of colour and non-native English speakers are inclined to face a number of forms of inequality, inequity, discrimination and harassment based on Whiteness and nativism including English speaker centrism, and this eventually serves to reproduce Whiteness and White racial domination. To better understand this institutional practices based on Whiteness in US academia, this paper explores how structural inequity based on linguistic racism and White privilege is reproduced by patterns in everyday institutional practice in US academia, and how intersectional structural inequity influences non-White, non-native speakers of American English such as international students from Asia by interviewing an Asian international ELL Ph.D. student, and exploring his counterstory in detail.

Abandoning the idealized white subject of legal feminism: A manifesto for silence in a Lusophone register

AbstractThrough an account of white feminisms and white privilege, this article examines the tensions between local and international knowledge frames. The article considers the possibility of a feminist approach to global constitutionalism and argues for a twofold critique: first, a feminist interrogation of the dominance of a specifically male history of Western and Anglo-European knowledge frames; and second, a self-critique within feminist approaches to global legal regimes that acknowledges the complicity of mainstream feminist tools in the racist histories of knowledge production. To this end, the article examines the space of gender expertise to explore how this can be both an aperture for plural feminist encounters and a refinement of diverse feminist approaches into a form digestible by the contours of international institutions. To explore alternative, decolonized encounters, the article centres Lusophone African feminist silence and action in Luanda, the capital of Angola. The article explores how Angolan gender relations, informal labour and histories of protest unsettle the frame of a feminist manifesto, to argue for a place for active silence as a methodology for undoing the status quo of global constitutional expectations of how knowledge arrives at the global and transnational levels.

White privilege critical consciousness, racial attitudes, and intergroup anxiety among parents and adult children in White families

ABSTRACT Prejudice and discrimination toward Black individuals in the U.S. serves to maintain White privilege. This research integrated the tenets of social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1977) and White racial identity theory (Helms, 1990) to examine intraindividual associations (i.e., within a single person) and interindividual associations (i.e., between family members) among parents’ and adult children’s critical consciousness of their White privilege, (anti)racist attitudes, and intergroup anxiety. We also tested a series of mediation paths from parents’ White privilege critical consciousness to children’s outcomes to explore potential mechanisms by which racial attitudes and behaviors are associated among family members. This study highlights the intricate nature of White privilege in White families, and their links to both progressive and harmful race-related attitudes and behaviors.

White Privilege in Times of War: Media Narratives of the Conflict in Ukraine

The purpose of this article is to shed light on the media coverage of the initial stages of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The Western media's reporting on the conflict was marked by biased and discriminatory comments. The Ukrainian refugees who fled to neighboring countries were compared unfavorably to refugees from other war-torn countries, based on superficial and irrelevant criteria such as skin color, religion, race, and qualifications, rather than on the basis of their human suffering. The European media coverage normalized conflicts in other parts of the world, particularly in the Middle East, portraying them as expected and commonplace. Conversely, conflicts occurring in Europe are deemed shameful for humanity, and white individuals are seen as unsuitable for becoming refugees. Additionally, the article examines the broader war scenario, suggesting that the current conflict may lead the world towards a third world war, due to the escalating tension between Russia and Western powers. The conflict may be geographically centered in Ukraine, but it is essentially a battle between Russia and Ukraine, with backing from the United States and Europe. This conflict has also had ripple effects on other nations, as tensions have risen between China and Taiwan, North Korea and Japan, and Kosovo and Serbia.

Decolonization the what, whyand how: A treatieson Indigenous nursing knowledge.

Decolonization the what, whyand how: A treatieson Indigenous nursing knowledge.

Victim and offender race and the likelihood of weapon use: a test of racial animosity and racial threat theories

ABSTRACT The historically complex relationship between Blacks and Whites is believed to play an important role in the way offenders select their victims in violent crimes. This study tests two theories that have been used to explain interracial crimes: racial animosity theory and racial threat theory. Using data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) from 1992 through 2016, we conduct two analyses of the racial dyads of White and Black offenders and victims to examine the role racial characteristics play in interpersonal crimes. Multinomial logistic regression is used to first analyze the likelihood of weapon use before narrowing our analysis specifically to handguns use. The findings provide minimal support for both racial threat theory and racial animosity theory.

Shanshan Lan, “Researching race, migration, and the transnational circulation of racial knowledge: On Chinese migrants in Chicago, on African migrants in Guangzhou, and on the reconfiguration of whiteness in China”. Interview by Dominique Vidal and Si

Shanshan Lan is an Associate Professor in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Amsterdam. She has been conducting researches for nearly twenty years on Chinese migration to the United States, on Africans in the Chinese metropolis of Guangzhou and on whiteness in China. In the following interview, Shanshan Lan introduces her biographical and scholarly background, her training as an anthropologist in the United States and her distanced use of Western social sciences. She also discusses several concepts that she has developed from empirical investigations: “racial knowledge”, “overlapping racialization”, “grassroots interracial interaction”, and the difference she makes between “white privilege” and “white skin privilege”.