White Rules Research Articles

New White House rules restrict use of grant funding to deal with COVID-19 impacts

New White House rules restrict use of grant funding to deal with COVID-19 impacts

What is the role of hand surgery in plastic surgery? Analysis of hand surgery papers presented in Turkish national congresses of plastic, reconstructive, and aesthetic surgery

Context: Scientific studies are often presented primarily to a group of colleagues at annual scientific meetings. All year rounds are turned into products in congresses. Aims: The aim of the study is to evaluate the extent of the hand surgery in plastic surgery and plastic surgeons' papers related with hand surgery in national congresses; the past eight plastic surgery congresses were classified and presented. Settings and Design: The abstract books of Turkish National Congresses of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery between 2011 and 2018 have been evaluated retrospectively. Subjects and Methods: Distribution of hand surgery according to the topics was evaluated according to the European White Book rules and standards. Distribution of oral and posters and distribution by years were shown. Results: The ratio of hand surgery reports to all reports was 17.3%. Hand and upper extremity surgery topics were presented at 19.7% in the 38th congress, which is the most hand surgery-included congress. The most frequently presented subjects were tumors, flaps, trauma, congenital anomalies, and replantation. Conclusions: Although there are arguments that plastic surgeons have disregarded hand surgery, there is no similar situation for Turkish plastic surgeons in the national platform. It has been found that the most common topics such as tumor excision and repair of the tissue defect were the most presented issues rather than arthroscopy, paralytic hand, and arthritis, which are specific to the hand surgery. Increasing the number of plastic surgery specialists who have been trained with hand surgery as a subspecialty will bring up the subjects that have not been presented in the hand surgery so far, in the future congresses.

The Primacy of Fair Presentation: Evidence from PCAOB Standards, Federal Legislation, and the Courts

SYNOPSISPalmrose and Kinney (2018; hereafter PK) claim that technical compliance with GAAP is sufficient to justify an unqualified audit opinion. We disagree. PK's view ignores “fair presentation,” a concept equivalent to “faithful representation.” Their “technical compliance” view portrays GAAP as a set of black and white rules and auditing as a box-checking exercise, contradicting guidance from the SEC, FASB, IASB, PCAOB, and the courts. We show that the compliance mindset advocated by PK is responsible for many audit failures, including Enron, WorldCom, and Lehman Brothers. PK's view has long been used by auditing firms and their expert witnesses in (unsuccessful) attempts to avoid legal liability. Unfortunately, it is also a view that has greatly damaged the credibility of the auditing profession.

Extended spiking neural P systems with white hole rules and their red\u2013green variants

We consider extended spiking neural P systems with the additional possibility of so-called “white hole rules”, which send the complete contents of a neuron to other neurons, and we prove that this extension of the original model can easily simulate register machines. Based on this proof, we then define red–green variants of these extended spiking neural P systems with white hole rules and show how to go beyond Turing with these red–green systems. We also discuss the number of actor neurons needed, and the relation of this model to some special variants of Lindenmayer systems.

Sarah Attwood: Making Sense of Sex: A Forthright Guide to Puberty, Sex, and Relationships for People with Asperger’s Syndrome

The birds and the bees...the BIG discussion...the sex talk—dreaded by adults everywhere! It is the rare parent of an adolescent, with or without a disability, who feels confident explaining sexuality to their child. It is a topic devoid of black and white rules; in which each concept requires balancing multiple considerations, understanding abstraction, and making fine judgments. While becoming a mature, independent sexual being is a formidable task for any adolescent, the challenges associated with taking this step for individuals with Asperger’s Syndrome are intensified exponentially. The skills needed to master these complexities are precisely those affected by the disability. With her new book, Making Sense of Sex, Sarah Attwood has stepped forward to help individuals with Asperger’s Syndrome conquer some of the mammoth tasks of puberty. Drawing on both her vast experience as a sexuality educator and her more personal experience as a sister of an individual with Asperger’s Syndrome, Attwood presents sexual education in a direct, straight-forward manner. Using unambiguous language coupled with detailed diagrams and illustrations, Attwood begins sexuality education at the proper beginning—a simple understanding of the human body—and progresses through a comprehensive overview of the varied foundations of sexuality including hygiene, friendships, healthy choices, and more. She attempts to break down complex decisions into concrete guidelines and rules. For example, a flow chart is included (p. 229) indicating steps involved prior to asking someone out on a date. Similarly, when discussing friendships, Attwood lists concrete indicators of whether or not an individual is interested in pursuing a friendship (p. 116). The book begins with an introduction in which Attwood speaks directly to individuals with Asperger’s Syndrome who may be reading the book. She welcomes them to the process and presents an overview of what to expect. While the book is intended to be read directly by the adolescent, it could also be a resource for caregivers to use with individuals who do not read. Next, Attwood includes a note to caregivers. This describes various ways to utilize the book effectively. In addition to her suggestions, the book might be reviewed one chapter at a time as part of an ongoing teaching situation, such as a sexuality education group or in the context of a psycho-educational counseling. In her note to caregivers, Attwood also offers practical tips to support caregivers in conquering these sensitive topics (e.g., admit if you are uncomfortable, be truthful, keep current, p. 23). Chapter 1 provides detailed information and diagrams about both male and female bodies. Discriminating public and private settings, as well as what can be shown or touched in each setting is included here. Chapter 2 focuses on puberty specifically with an eye towards concrete changes to be expected, as well as strategies to respond to these changes (e.g., how to buy a bra p. 68). Next, Chap. 3 includes an overview of caring for this new body ranging from proper hygiene to making yourself appear more attractive. Similarly, Chap. 4 focuses on making healthy choices with the increased independence associated with adolescence. Some of these choices target basic self care (e.g., healthy eating) and some are focused more on prevention of problems (e.g., smoking or drug use). At this point, the book shifts towards more social concerns. First, Chap. 5 helps to explain emotions associated with puberty such as body image or feelings of fitting in. Next, Chap. 6 is a gem of a guide to friendships clarifying what a friend really is, how many friends you need, how to make friends, how to keep friends, etc. Furthermore, B. Glasberg (&) New Jersey, NJ, USA e-mail: bethglas@hotmail.com

Writing Sociologies: A Coda

Writing Sociologies: A Coda

Missionary Challenges Faced by the First African Church Leaders in Cameroon and Ghana

AbstractThe practice of the Christian faith in Ghana and Cameroon changes in details according to the leaders exercising power in church and in the religious traditional system of government known as Sacral Rule. African church leaders were expected to show more understanding in affirming African tradition or in undermining white missionaries' attitudes, thought and rules. They were called to fill the omissions of their predecessors and to solve the problem of spiritual emptiness of the modern state bequeathed to Africa by the colonial practices. More of all, African leaders have to manage the presence of people with dual responsibility in Church as well as in the traditional African system of government.

Cognitive processes in dieting disorders.

This study is an empirical investigation of the prevailing notion that dieting disorder patients have more dysfunctional cognitions and cognitive styles than the nonclinical population. Groups of anorexics, bulimics, normal restrainers, and normal nonrestrainers completed three questionnaires and two repertory grids. Overall, the data supported a cognitive model of dieting disorders. Patients exhibited a lack of awareness of the role played by inner sensations in regulating weight and eating behavior, and emphasized black and white rules instead. Anorexic patients tended to evaluate self-worth almost entirely in terms of self-control. Both patient groups evidenced extreme negativity in their views of themselves, but anorexics showed a particularly severe sense of self-isolation. Unlike bulimics, they extended a tendency to think in absolute terms from the area of eating to the rest of their lives. Thus, the psychopathology of the anorexic patient group appeared more severe than that of bulimics.