White Rice Consumption Research Articles

Food Habit and Risk of Pre Diabetes and Type2 Diabetes among the Meiteis of Manipur, India

Background: The eating pattern and types of food consumption are associated with the risk of type 2diabetes. The present study aims at finding out the association between the types of food consumption andprevalence of type 2 diabetes among the Meiteis of Manipur, India.Methods: A total of randomly selected 1026 Meitei subjects which include both sexes (25 to 65 yrs.)from Five valley districts of Manipur were tested for fasting blood glucose levels using AccuCheck ActiveGlucometer. Each and individual was personally interviewed for dietary assessment.Result: Among the studied population, the most commonly consumed food items for breakfast is deep frypooris (20.66%), while 46.39% go for an early meal skipping their breakfast though no significant differenceis observed between breakfast eaters and non-eaters. Considering the meals, though consumption of mixedwhite rice was found higher (51.4%) than the consumption of Meitei indigenous white rice (48.6%), theprevalence of pre-diabetic 40.5% and diabetic 16.0% was found significantly higher among the Meiteiindigenous white rice eaters.Conclusion: There is an increased risk of pre-diabetic and diabetic. Therefore, it is recommended thatpeople should eat mixed white rice to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.

A Global Perspective on White Rice Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes.

Preventive policies to improve diet and physical activity are urgently needed to stem the rising global burden of type 2 diabetes (1). In randomized trials, both high-carbohydrate diets (low in saturated fat and high in fiber), combined with physical activity and caloric restriction, and moderate-fat Mediterranean diets reduced diabetes risk (2). These findings suggest that diets with variable carbohydrate intakes are compatible with diabetes-prevention lifestyles but do not identify the optimal amount and type of dietary carbohydrates. Furthermore, the impact of high carbohydrate intakes in other parts of the world beyond the range studied in Western populations remains unclear. Rice provides ∼20% of the world's calorie intake (3). Of the 10 countries with the largest number of diabetes cases, 6 countries in Asia and South America have rice as the main staple food (4). Rice is predominantly consumed as white rice, a refined grain resulting from a milling process that removes the bran and germ and leaves the starchy endosperm. As a result, white rice is low in fiber, polyphenols, and micronutrients such as magnesium that may benefit glucose metabolism (5–7). White rice also has a high glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL), reflecting high postprandial blood glucose levels (5). In several (8–10) but not all (9–11) prospective cohort studies in Asian countries, higher white rice consumption was associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Therefore, it is crucial to determine whether white rice consumption contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes, particularly in populations with high intake levels. Bhavadharini et al. (12) evaluated the association between …

Divergência genética entre tipos especiais de arroz a partir de técnicas multivariadas

O mercado brasileiro de arroz prioriza o consumo de arroz branco polido. Entretanto, existem demandas por tipos especiais. A estimativa da divergência genética é importante para o melhoramento genético, pois permite a seleção de genitores em sistemas de cruzamentos controlados. Assim, os objetivos deste trabalho foram indicar a contribuição relativa dos caracteres avaliados para a dissimilaridade genética e avaliar a divergência genética entre genótipos de tipos especiais de arroz por dois métodos diferentes de agrupamento. O experimento foi conduzido no ano de outubro de 2012 a março de 2013, na UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos constaram dos genótipos Caiapó, Vermelho Pequeno, IAC 300, IAC 400 e IAC 500. A medida de dissimilaridade adotada foi a distância euclidiana. Foram utilizados dois métodos diferentes de otimização: o método de otimização de Tocher e o método hierárquico UPGMA (Unweighted Pair-Group Method using Arithmetic Avarages). Os genótipos Caiapó e Vermelho Pequeno estiveram em diferentes grupos heteróticos em relação aos genótipos IAC 300 e IAC 400, independentemente do método de agrupamento utilizado. Verificou-se que a característica produtividade foi a que mais influenciou na variação total.

White Rice Intake and Incident Diabetes: A Study of 132,373 Participants in 21 Countries.

OBJECTIVEPrevious prospective studies on the association of white rice intake with incident diabetes have shown contradictory results but were conducted in single countries and predominantly in Asia. We report on the association of white rice with risk of diabetes in the multinational Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSData on 132,373 individuals aged 35–70 years from 21 countries were analyzed. White rice consumption (cooked) was categorized as <150, ≥150 to <300, ≥300 to <450, and ≥450 g/day, based on one cup of cooked rice = 150 g. The primary outcome was incident diabetes. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using a multivariable Cox frailty model.RESULTSDuring a mean follow-up period of 9.5 years, 6,129 individuals without baseline diabetes developed incident diabetes. In the overall cohort, higher intake of white rice (≥450 g/day compared with <150 g/day) was associated with increased risk of diabetes (HR 1.20; 95% CI 1.02–1.40; P for trend = 0.003). However, the highest risk was seen in South Asia (HR 1.61; 95% CI 1.13–2.30; P for trend = 0.02), followed by other regions of the world (which included South East Asia, Middle East, South America, North America, Europe, and Africa) (HR 1.41; 95% CI 1.08–1.86; P for trend = 0.01), while in China there was no significant association (HR 1.04; 95% CI 0.77–1.40; P for trend = 0.38).CONCLUSIONSHigher consumption of white rice is associated with an increased risk of incident diabetes with the strongest association being observed in South Asia, while in other regions, a modest, nonsignificant association was seen.

Prenatal Dietary Intake and Blood Metal Concentrations During the 1st Trimester of Pregnancy in Project Viva

Abstract Objectives To identify foods associated with blood metal concentrations during the 1st trimester of pregnancy. Methods In early pregnancy (11.3 ± 2.8 gestational week), 1206 women from Project Viva completed food frequency questionnaire and provided a blood sample to measure essential and non-essential metals. This analysis included 135 food items and 14 metals (As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Co, Cu, Mg, Mn, Se, Zn, Ba, Cs, Sb, Sn) in red blood cells (RBC). We perform a diet-wide association study (DWAS) of all bivariate relationships between each food-metal combination. Additionally, we used machine learning models with elastic-net regularization to estimate the % variation in metal concentrations explained by diet. Results Mean (standard deviation [SD]) age was 32.5 (4.5) years and pre-pregnancy BMI was 24.8 (5.4) kg/m2. Most participants were white (76.0%), not current smokers (88.5%), completed a college degree (75.5%), and had a household income &amp;gt;$70 K/year (66.8%). Compared to other US-based cohorts, the overall diet quality of participants was higher, and levels of toxic metals were lower. DWAS identified significant associations between several food items with As, Hg, Pb, Cs and Se; among the positives associations, for example, each SD increase in fresh fruit, white rice, and seafood was associated with 4%, 8%, and 18% higher median concentrations of As, respectively; and fresh fruits (12%), eggs (12%), white rice (15%), green vegetables (17%), and seafood (64%) was associated with Hg. Elastic net models identified significant positive and negative dietary predictors of As, Cs, and Hg, but not other metals. The % variation explained by the selected dietary variables was 21% for As, 7% for Cs, and 11% for Hg. Conclusions DWAS provides systematic evaluation of diet-metal relationship and can uncover potential dietary sources of prenatal metal exposure. In this population, we found positive associations between fruit, green vegetable, white rice and seafood consumption with As and Hg. Prenatal diet may be an important source of metals exposures, including As, Hg, and Cs. Funding Sources This work was supported by the US National Institutes of Health grants R01HD034568, UH3OD023286, U2CES026561and U2CES026555, and metal analysis was conducted by the Children's Health Exposure Analysis Resource (CHEAR award #2017–1740).

Is frequency of potato and white rice consumption associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-V study

BackgroundThis study evaluated the association of frequency of potato and rice consumption with cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents.MethodsThis nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted on 14,400 children and adolescents. Fasting blood was obtained from a sub-sample of 4200 randomly selected students. Physical examination and laboratory tests were conducted under standard protocols. Metabolic Syndrome (Mets) was defined based on the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria modified for the pediatric age group. The self-reported frequency consumption of white rice and potato was reported on a daily or non-daily basis.ResultsThe participation rate for the whole study and for blood sampling were 99 and 91.5%, respectively. Overall, 49.4% of the participants were girls while 50.6% were boys. The frequency of daily consumption of white rice and potato was 84.4 and 21.3%, respectively. In the multivariable linear regression model, daily consumption of potato increased body mass index (β: 0.05, SE: 0.20, p = 0.010), waist (β: 0.63, SE: 0.24, p = 0.008), and hip circumferences (β: 0.62, SE: 0.26, p = 0.019). Moreover, in the multivariable logistic regression, daily consumption of potato was significantly associated with an increased risk of overweight (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.04–1.39, P = 0.012). The potato and rice consumption had no statistically significant association with other cardiometabolic risk factors.ConclusionsDaily consumption of potato was significantly associated with higher anthropometric measures, whereas rice consumption had no statistically significant association with cardiometabolic risk factors. Future research to examine the possible obesogenic effects of intake of potato on children and adolescents is recommended.

GAMBARAN RISIKO PREDIABETES, AKTIVITAS FISIK, PERILAKU SEDENTARI, DAN POLA MAKAN KARYAWAN DI PERUSAHAAN “X”

Diabetes starts to attack the productive age group becomes a new phenomenon that needs to be anticipated. This research is a quantitative descriptive study with the aim of knowing the prediabetes status, the level of physical activity, the frequency of consuming fruits and vegetables, level of social support for Company “X” employees in Jakarta. Total participants were 64 employees. Data obtained using questionnaires and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Quantitative data were analyzed using univariate analysis. The prediabetes risk of employees is still relatively low (60.94%), only eight employees have high physical activity (12.50%), 47 participants (73.44%) have an average sitting duration of more than six hours per week, high consumption of white rice (92.18%), low consumption of fruit (34.38%), high consumption of sweet drinks (59.38%), and 53 employees claimed to routinely receive social support from people closest to consume fruit or vegetables. As a preventive, intervention programs are needed to increase physical activity, reduce the duration of sitting, encourage healthy eating patterns, and strengthen social support.

Arsenic health risk assessment related to rice consumption behaviors in adults living in Northern Thailand.

The rice consumption behaviors of Thai citizens vary among regions. However, the influence of different consumption patterns on arsenic (As) exposure has never been reported. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of rice consumption behavior on As exposure levels. White rice (n = 96) and sticky rice (n = 63) samples were collected from local households in northern Thailand. The actual rice consumption behavior (type, frequency, and amount of rice consumed) was surveyed from the households where the rice samples were collected and used to calculate individual As exposures. The white rice (2.1%) and sticky rice (6.3%) samples contained inorganic As at higher concentrations than the Codex standard (0.2 mg kg-1). Approximately 58.3% of participants consumed white rice for breakfast and sticky rice for lunch and dinner, while 41.8% of participants consumed only white rice or sticky rice daily. Wide variations of As exposure (1 × 10-4 to 2 × 10-3 mg kg-1 day-1) were found. The average As exposure from only sticky rice consumption and combined rice consumption was 2 times higher than the As exposure from only white rice consumption. The rice ingestion rate was the most important factor affecting the level of As exposure resulting from the white rice-only and combined rice consumption patterns. For the combined rice consumption pattern, 45.7 to 93.5% of the total As exposure was from sticky rice consumption. Regarding individual characteristics, older and lower weight participants tended to consume lower amounts of rice. Thus, lower As exposure and fewer health impacts were found in those participants.

Human health risk assessment of cadmium exposure through rice consumption in cadmium-contaminated areas of the Mae Tao sub-district, Tak, Thailand.

The Mae Tao sub-district is located in the Mae Tao watershed, an important cadmium (Cd)-contaminated area in Thailand. This study was conducted to (i) determine Cd concentrations in rice collected from households in the area, (ii) assess the Cd exposure and potential health risk (HQ) from rice consumption in local adults and (iii) investigate how the factors of individual characteristics and consumption behavior affect the level of HQ. A total of 159 rice samples were collected from households in all 6 villages of the Mae Tao sub-district for analysis of Cd by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Biodata information and rice consumption behavior were surveyed from local residents at the same time as rice sample collection. Approximately 19.8% and 19.1% of white rice and sticky rice, respectively, contained total Cd higher than the Codex maximum standard of Cd in rice (0.4mgkg-1). Locally grown rice contained an average of 1.5 times more Cd than retail rice. Cd exposure from consuming only sticky rice was the highest (2.26 × 10-3mgkg-1day-1), followed by the consumption of both types of rice (1.39 × 10-3mgkg-1day-1) and the consumption of only white jasmine rice (6.30 × 10-4mgkg-1day-1). The highest and lowest average HQ values were found in the only sticky rice consumption pattern (2.263) and the only white rice consumption pattern (0.630), respectively. The potential health risk from Cd in each rice consumption pattern was mainly influenced by the total Cd concentration in rice and the rice ingestion rate.

‘Bodrami’, Mid-Maturing Brown Rice Cultivar with High Grain Quality and Soft Texture Suitable for Cooking

‘Bodrami’ is a brown rice cultivar suitable for cooking, developed by crossing ‘Hwaseong’ and ‘Congsengla’ cultivars at Rural Development Administration, Korea, in 2003. Cooked brown rice of ‘Bodrami’ naturally has a soft texture, and after 24 hours of warm treatment, it maintained its soft texture and it was evaluated that the taste and texture of cooked brown rice were better than that of another rice cultivar. ‘Bodrami’ is a mid-maturing rice cultivar. The average heading date in ordinary planting was August 11th in Suwon, Korea, which also exhibits strong to blast leaf and rice stripe virus, and brown rice yield of ‘Bodrami’ had a yield of 5.56 MT/ha in ordinary planting. The advantages of eating brown rice are high intake of GABA (which is excellent for controlling blood), γ-oryzanol (which is good for Antioxidation), rice embryos (rich in fiber), and rice bran (rich in minerals). Another advantage of ‘Bodrami’ is that, compared to glutinous rice varieties (which is a higher glycemic index), it has a lower glycemic index and a smooth texture. The consumption of white rice has been decreasing recently, while interest in brown rice has been increasing as a consequence of these advantages. ‘Bodrami’ was developed in response to recent changes in consumption preferences. (Registration No. 5644)

Substituting brown rice for white rice on diabetes risk factors in India: a randomised controlled trial.

India has the second largest number of people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) globally. Epidemiological evidence indicates that consumption of white rice is positively associated with T2D risk, while intake of brown rice is inversely associated. Thus, we explored the effect of substituting brown rice for white rice on T2D risk factors among adults in urban South India. A total of 166 overweight (BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2) adults aged 25-65 years were enrolled in a randomised cross-over trial in Chennai, India. Interventions were a parboiled brown rice or white rice regimen providing two ad libitum meals/d, 6 d/week for 3 months with a 2-week washout period. Primary outcomes were blood glucose, insulin, glycosylated Hb (HbA1c), insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) and lipids. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was a secondary outcome. We did not observe significant between-group differences for primary outcomes among all participants. However, a significant reduction in HbA1c was observed in the brown rice group among participants with the metabolic syndrome (-0·18 (se 0·08) %) relative to those without the metabolic syndrome (0·05 (se 0·05) %) (P-for-heterogeneity = 0·02). Improvements in HbA1c, total and LDL-cholesterol were observed in the brown rice group among participants with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 compared with those with a BMI &lt; 25 kg/m2 (P-for-heterogeneity &lt; 0·05). We observed a smaller increase in hs-CRP in the brown (0·03 (sd 2·12) mg/l) compared with white rice group (0·63 (sd 2·35) mg/l) (P = 0·04). In conclusion, substituting brown rice for white rice showed a potential benefit on HbA1c among participants with the metabolic syndrome and an elevated BMI. A small benefit on inflammation was also observed.

Rice intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: the Singapore Chinese Health Study.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing in Asian populations. White rice is a common staple food in these populations and results from several studies suggest that high white rice consumption increases T2D risk. We assessed whether rice, noodles and bread intake was associated with T2D risk in an ethnic Chinese population. We included data from 45,411 male and female Chinese participants of the Singapore Chinese Health Study cohort aged 45-74years at baseline. Usual diet at baseline was evaluated by a validated 165-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Physician-diagnosed T2D was self-reported during two follow-up interviews. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During a mean follow-up of 11 years, 5207 incident cases of T2D were documented. Rice intake was not associated with higher T2D risk [HR for extreme quintiles, 0.98 (95% CI 0.90, 1.08)] despite the large variation in intake levels (median intake for extreme quintiles: 236.5g/day vs. 649.3g/day), although the precise risk estimate depended greatly on the substitute food. Replacing one daily serving of rice with noodles [HR 1.14 (95% CI 1.07, 1.22)], red meat [HR 1.40 (95% CI 1.23, 1.60)] and poultry [HR 1.37 (95% CI 1.18, 1.59)] was associated with higher T2D risk, whereas the replacement of rice with white bread [HR 0.90 (95% CI 0.85, 0.94)] or wholemeal bread [HR 0.82 (95% CI 0.75, 0.90)] was associated with lower T2D risk. Higher rice consumption was not substantially associated with a higher risk of T2D in this Chinese population. Recommendations to reduce high white rice consumption in Asian populations for the prevention of T2D may only be effective if substitute foods are considered carefully. NCT03356340, http://www.clinicaltrials.gov.

Three types of a high-carbohydrate diet are differently associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in Korean adults.

Although a high-carbohydrate diet typically shows low-fat intake, the prevalence of metabolic abnormalities in Asian countries has increased. We evaluated three types of a high-carbohydrate diet and its association with cardiometabolic risk factors in the Korean adult population. A total of 14,438 adults (5813 men and 8625 women) who participated in the 2008-2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were selected. Dietary data were obtained by a single 24-h recall method. High-carbohydrate diets were defined using three carbohydrate variables, including total carbohydrate intake, proportion of energy from carbohydrate, and white rice consumption as dietary exposures. Cardiometabolic risk factors included obesity, abdominal obesity, hypercholesterolemia, atherogenic dyslipidemia, impaired fasting glucose, and elevated blood pressure. A multivariate-adjusted logistic regression was performed to examine the associations between high-carbohydrate diets and cardiometabolic risk factors by sex. Three types of high-carbohydrate diets showed different energy intakes and food group consumption when individuals in the highest quintile of each type were compared. In men, intakes of total carbohydrate and white rice were inversely associated with obesity, impaired fasting glucose, and elevated blood pressure and proportion of energy from carbohydrate and white rice consumption were inversely related to hypercholesterolemia. In women, a high consumption of white rice was positively associated with impaired fasting glucose. All three types of high-carbohydrate diets were positively associated with the prevalence of atherogenic dyslipidemia in both sexes. Three types of high-carbohydrate diets show different associations with cardiometabolic risk factors except for unfavorable effects on atherogenic dyslipidemia.

Relationship between rice consumption and body weight gain in Japanese workers: white versus brown rice/multigrain rice.

Increasing obesity rates have driven research into dietary support for body weight control, but previous studies have only assessed changes in body weight of ±3 kg. We investigated the relationships between white or brown/multi-grain rice consumption and 1-year body weight gain ≥3 kg in Japanese factory workers (n = 437). Routine medical check-up data from a 1-year nutrition and lifestyle cohort study were analysed. Participants were divided into white rice and brown/multi-grain rice consumption groups and further classified by tertile of rice consumption. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed by tertile. At 1 year, high white rice consumption was significantly associated with increased risk of body weight gain ≥3 kg compared with low white rice consumption, maintained after adjustment for age, sex, and consumption of other obesogenic foods (p = 0.034). In the brown/multi-grain rice consumption group, however, there was no significant difference in risk between high and low consumption, even after multi-variate adjustment (p = 0.387). The consumption of white rice, but not brown rice/multi-grain rice, was positively correlated with the risk of a 1-year body weight gain of 3 kg or more. This suggests that brown rice/multi-grain rice consumption is useful for body weight control among Japanese workers.

Effect of High ß-Glucan Barley on Postprandial Plasma Glucose Levels in Subjects with Normal Glucose Tolerance and Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Increasing evidence supports a more prominent role for postprandial glucose (PPG) regulation in the management of type 2 diabetes. Viscous dietary fibers including oat and barley β-glucan are one of the most effective classes of functional food ingredients for reducing PPG. We investigated the effect of high β-glucan barley on postprandial plasma glucose and C-peptide levels using a meal tolerance test and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in 15 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 29 type 2 diabetic patients. A 500-kcal meal tolerance test, using white rice alone (white rice) or white rice mixed with 50% of barley (Kirari-mochi®) containing 1.5-times β-glucan higher than usual barley (barley), was performed, and plasma glucose and C-peptide levels were measured every 30 minutes for 180 minutes. Daily glucose variability was measured using CGM over two days, while subjects consumed 1600-kcal or 1800-kcal test meals consisting of white rice or barley. Subsequently, a meal tolerance test with identical carbohydrate quantity (52g carbohydrate) with or without 1.8g of β-glucan, was performed in 7 diabetic patients. In NGT subjects and diabetic patients, the incremental area under the curve (AUC) of plasma glucose and C-peptide levels for 180 minutes after the meal tolerance test were significantly decreased following the consumption of barley compared to the consumption of white rice alone. The studies using CGM have demonstrated that the consumption of barley lead to a significant decrease in the 24-h standard deviation of blood glucose (24-h SDBG) and mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE) in diabetic patients. Similar results were obtained in subsequent tests with identical carbohydrate quantity but with β-glucan. In conclusion, these results suggest that high-β-glucan barley may contribute to decreased PPG levels and endogenous insulin secretion in both patients with type 2 diabetes and the subjects with NGT. Disclosure M. Higa: None. A. Hashimoto: None. M. Hayasaka: None. M. Hijikata: None. A. Ueda: None. K. Oda: None. D. Kato: None. K. Yamashita: None. T. Ichijo: None.

White- and Brown-Rice Supplementation Improves Insulin Tolerance, Brown Fat Activation, Energy Expenditure, and Changes the Gut Microflora in Diet-Induced Obesity

Increased consumption of white rice (WR) with parallel decreased use of brown rice (BR) have been associated with increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), suggesting WR may elevate the risk of T2DM. To test whether WR or BR have differential effects on glucose metabolism in diet-induced obesity, C57BL/6 mice were fed 6 different diets: control diet (CD, 10%), high fat diet (HFD, 46%) and CD and HFD with either WR or BR. Diets with WR or BR were controlled with comparable carbohydrate and protein contents. After 18 weeks, the median weights of HFD mice were greater (36%) than those on CD. Surprisingly, adding WR or BR to HFD decreased weight gains equally by 53% with parallel reduction of abdominal, visceral, subcutaneous, and total fat vs. HFD. Activity and food intake did not change among mice on HFD. However, HFD decreased heat, VO2, and VCO2 production vs. CD which were normalized by adding WR or BR, per indirect calorimetry with metabolic cages. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test on HFD were improved by either WR or BR, although mice on BR+HFD exhibited greater improvements than mice on WR+HFD (P&amp;lt;0.05). Adding WR or BR to HFD decreased HFD-induced elevations of plasma leptin and MCP-1 levels. HFD decreased brown fat tissue mass and markers, UCP-1 and PGC1α vs. CD mice which improved when WR or BR was added to HFD. Gut microbiota composition, assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing and metagenomic analysis, showed clear differences between HFD vs. CD or vs. the addition of BR or WR. The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes was increased significantly in HFD vs. CD diet, which has been associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome, but decreased by the addition of WR (63%) or BR (81%). Thus, BR and, surprisingly, WR may activate BAT, increase energy expenditure to reduce body weight and improve insulin sensitivity while on HFD, possibly by altering gut microbiome, indicating that common substances may exist in BR and WR to lower the risks for T2DM. Disclosure H. Yokomizo: None. A. Ishikado: Employee; Self; Sunstar Inc.. Employee; Spouse/Partner; Sunstar Inc.. T. Shinjo: None. K. Park: None. Y. Maeda: None. I. Wu: None. D.M. Pober: None. S. Devkota: None. M. Matsumoto: Employee; Self; Sunstar Inc.. A. Kostic: None. G.L. King: Research Support; Self; Sanofi-Aventis.

Effects of Rice Varieties on Weight, Blood Glucose and Triglyceride Levels in Sprague Dawley Rats

Background. Rice is the staple food in the Philippines, and the major carbohydrate source that greatly affect the weight, blood glucose and triglyceride levels of the population.&#x0D; Objective. The objective of the researchers was to determine the effects of white, brown and red rice varieties on weight, blood glucose and triglyceride levels in rats.&#x0D; Methods. Sprague Dawley rats were fed with diets of cooked rice of different rice variety; white, brown and red. Weight was measured using a digital laboratory weighing scale. Blood glucose and triglyceride levels were measured by glucometer (OneTouch®) and Humalyzer Primus®, respectively.&#x0D; Results. Rats fed with white rice had the greatest increase in weight and blood glucose levels, and red rice had the least increase. For the postprandial blood glucose test, all three rice groups reached their peak blood glucose level at 30 minutes, with white rice having the greatest value, followed by brown rice, and lastly, red rice. Rats fed with red rice had the greatest decrease in triglyceride level.&#x0D; Conclusion. In this study, consumption of white rice contributes to weight gain, blood glucose level increase and minimal triglyceride level change compared to brown and red rice.

Golden Rice: instructions for use

Golden Rice is any variety of rice which makes beta-carotene, thus giving the rice a yellow (Golden) colour. It was created as an additional intervention for vitamin A deficiency. This dietary deficiency is the most significant cause of childhood blindness, and also the biggest killer of children under 5 year’s old, globally. White rice contains no beta-carotene, and no vitamin A. Vitamin A deficiency is common in countries where rice is the staple diet. The Golden Rice technology, adding two genes to white rice in 2004, has been donated by its inventors for use in developing countries as an additional intervention against vitamin A deficiency. When Golden Rice is approved for use in a country, that country’s Government will have decided that it is safe for the environment to grow the crop, and safe for humans, and animals, to consume it. Regular consumption of Golden Rice by people is expected, with time, to deliver health benefits by reducing cases of partial or complete blindness, and reducing preventable deaths, especially of young children and mothers. Any amount of daily white rice consumption can be replaced by Golden Rice consumption without ill effect. This document suggests how people can organise themselves to contribute to Golden Rice’s adoption for growth and consumption by populations in their own country. Without adoption, Golden Rice cannot be an intervention for vitamin A deficiency, which is a major public health problem.

Regression-based prediction of seeking diabetes-related emergency medical assistance by regular clinic patients

This study aims to examine diabetes-related emergency medical assistance (DREMA)-seeking factors among type-2 diabetes patients and predict likelihood of patients seeking DREMA before their next scheduled clinic visit. This case-control-designed study comprised a systematic random sampling of 228 patients who completed a structured interview (mean age = 62.6 years). DREMA prediction model was developed based on parameter estimates of a logistic regression model on DREMA (≥ 1 admission vs. 0 admissions), with variable selection from a forward stepwise selection process, considering all 24 potential independent variables. For the final DREMA prediction model, four variables were retained via forward stepwise logistic regression analysis: (1) age, (2) type of rice consumed, (3) physical activity outside of a regular job, and (4) leisure time exercise frequency. Likelihood of seeking DREMA increased with aging, regular or frequent consumption of white rice rather than brown or parboiled rice, and being physically inactive outside of occupation. Odds of seeking DREMA were directly associated with frequency of exercise during leisure time. With further validation and model updating based on local population characteristics, clinicians will be able to predict the DREMA-event likelihood for each clinic patient diagnosed with type-2 diabetes. Modifiable DREMA-seeking variables suggest possible interventions for preventing undesired DREMA events.

Is white rice consumption a risk for metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes? A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveThe main objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the association between white rice consumption and risk of metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search of...