White Moss Research Articles

Characteristics of early gastric tumors with different differentiation and predictors of long-term outcomes after endoscopic submucosal dissection

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract, and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is the preferred treatment for early-stage gastric cancer. The analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of gastric mucosal tumors with different differentiation degrees and the influencing factors of long-term ESD efficacy may have certain significance for revealing the development of gastric cancer and ESD. AIM To analyze the features of gastric mucosal tumors at different differentiation levels, and to explore the prognostic factors of ESD. METHODS We retrospectively studied 301 lesions in 285 patients at The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from 2014 to 2021, according to the latest Japanese guidelines (sixth edition), and divided them into low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN), high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN), and differentiated and undifferentiated early carcinoma. They are followed up by endoscopy, chest and abdominal computed tomography at 3, 6 and 12 months after ESD. We compared clinicopathologic characteristics, ESD efficacy, and complications with different degrees of differentiation, and analyzed the related factors associated with ESD. RESULTS HGIN and differentiated carcinoma patients were significantly older compared with LGIN patients (P < 0.001) and accounted for more 0-IIc (P < 0.001), atrophic gastritis was common (P < 0.001), and irregular microvascular patterns (IMVPs) and demarcation lines (DLs) were more obvious (P < 0.001). There was more infiltration in the undifferentiated carcinoma tissue (P < 0.001), more abnormal folds and poorer mucosal peristalsis (P < 0.001), and more obvious IMVPs, irregular microsurface patterns and DLs (P < 0.05) than in the LGIN and HGIN tissues. The disease-free survival rates at 2, 5, and 8 years after ESD were 95.0%, 90.1%, and 86.9%, respectively. Undifferentiated lesions (HR 5.066), white moss (HR 7.187), incomplete resection (HR 3.658), and multiple primary cancers (HR 2.462) were significantly associated with poor prognosis. CONCLUSION Differentiations of gastric mucosal tumors have different epidemiological and endoscopic characteristics, which are closely related to the safety and efficacy of ESD.

Persistent upper gastrointestinal symptoms after Helicobacter pylori eradication: malignant lymphoma following "chicken skin-like" gastritis.

A 37-year-old patient presented to our hospital for upper endoscopy with upper abdominal pain for 10 days. The gastroscopy showed food retention, a large ulcer from the corner of the stomach to the stomach body was seen, the bottom was obviously depressed, the surface was covered by white moss, and the edge of the ulcer presented as a "auricular" sign (Ear-shape appearance). Pathology showed malignant lymphoma. One and a half years prior, the patient underwent a gastroscopy at our hospital. At that time, the gastroscopy showed a large number of nodular protrusions in the gastric antrum, gastric angle, and some parts of the gastric body, presenting a "chicken skin like" change. At the same time, a superficial ulcer lesion was visible in the gastric angle. Pathology suggested gastritis and a small amount of necrotic tissue, as well as proliferation of lymphoid follicles. After receiving the treatment to eradicate Helicobacter pylori (HP), the patient's symptoms significantly improved and no further follow-up was conducted.

Ethno-Specific Codes: Metaphor and Everyday Symbolization of Objectified Space in Anna Nerkagy’s Story “The White Moss”

The features of decoding ethnospecific codes of metaphorization in the literature of the peoples of the North are considered on the material of A. Nerkagy’s story “The White Moss”. This article is intended to reveal certain “algorithms of speech behavior” embedded in the language, the principles of mythologization and metaphorical objectification of the real world, to reveal more deeply the structure of understanding a literary text. The relevance of the study is due to the need to search for new tools to identify ethnospecific cultural models that determine the vision of the world of representatives of a particular national community, structuring the field of expressiveness of a literary text. Attention is paid to the formation mechanisms of figurative meanings, when the dynamics of the narrative, which is not bright at first glance, is compensated by a careful detailing of the description of a northerner life, which is achieved through the actualization of the sacred elements of the symbolic picture of the world. So, for A. Nerkagy’s creativity, mythological codes of imagery become ethnospecific: bird, wolf, stone, fire, time, water, man. The personification of objects of nature and the perception of the world through the prism of one’s own body are traced. Each of the listed semantic elements is an element of metaphor, metonymy. The symbolic image is indivisible; it is based not just on an associative component, but on a ritual, a myth.

Many Faces of ‘the Inner Other’: The Visualization of Arctic Indigenous People in Recent Russian Cinema

There is an apparent trend that indigenous peoples living in Russian Arctic have recently been visualized in both Russian documentary and feature films. In 2014, especially, four ‘Arctic films’ have been released at once in Russia: Andrei Zaviagintsev’s Leviathan, Natal’ia Meshchaninova’s ‘Hope’ Factory, Aleksandr Mel’nik’s Territory and Vladimir Tumaev’s White Moss. The first three films, among others, have been thoroughly analyzed and highly admired through various themes and motifs both in Russia and in other countries. On the contrary, there has been little research to date on the film White Moss which for the first time in Russian film history visualizes a story of Nenets people living in Yamal region above the Arctic Circle. For this reason, in the article I will attempt to analyze in detail how indigenous people dwelling in the Arctic have been visualized in Russian film history and what are currently the most important issues in the life of Nenets people, one of the ‘Inner Others’ of Russia, as reflected in the film White Moss.

Estimation of crop residue cover in rice paddies by a dynamic-quadripartite pixel model based on Sentinel-2A data

Crop residues left on the field after harvest increase soil organic matter content and improve soil quality. Linear spectral mixture analysis (LSMA) is an important technique for calculating crop residue cover. Traditionally, farmland has been considered to be composed solely of soil and crop residue endmembers. But rice paddy fields are often more complex than other fields. In the decomposition of pixels reflectance, leaving out potential endmembers greatly increases the variability of existing endmember reflectance. The error is then transferred to the rice residue endmember. In this paper, a dynamic-quadripartite pixel model (DQPM) is proposed to adapt LSMA to calculate rice residue cover (RRC) in complex paddy fields. This method considers that pixels in paddy fields are composed of four endmembers: soil, rice residues, green moss and white moss. With the approach, soil moisture can be calculated to automatically correct the reflectance of the soil endmembers of each pixel. The calculation results of our model were verified with field data and compared with those from the static-quadripartite pixel model (SQPM) without considering soil moisture (SM) content and with the dynamic-dimidiate pixel model (DDPM). Results confirm the feasibility of DQPM. The results show that with four endmembers, RRC has a large range of improved computational accuracy with DQPM compared with SQPM and DDPM. DDPM has a large error under 1% < SM < 3% (gravimetric water content) and 60% < RRC < 70%. Only when SM is near 0.3, SQPM can achieve good accuracy. Among the three models, DQPM has the best robustness under different soil moisture and RRC scenarios. Therefore, our proposed method is useful for calculating RRC in complex paddy field scenarios.

Clinicopathological features of differentiated-type dysplasia of the esophagus

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features of differentiated-type (squamous) dysplasia of the esophagus. Methods: A total of 184 cases of esophageal differentiated-type dysplasia were collected retrospectively at People's Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force 989 Hospital (formerly 152 Hospital), and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China from 2016 to 2019. Their histological characteristics and immunophenotypes were analyzed, and related literature was reviewed. Results: The median age of the 184 patients was 65 years (range 39-83 years), while the ratio of men to women was 1.7∶1.0. There were 17 cases in the upper esophagus, 143 in the middle esophagus and 24 in the lower esophagus. The median diameter of the dysplasia was 15 mm (range 2-50 mm). According to the Paris classification, 2 cases were 0-Ⅰ, 25 cases were 0-Ⅱa, 70 cases were 0-Ⅱb, 74 cases were 0-Ⅱb and 0-Ⅱc and 13 cases were 0-Ⅱc. Macroscopically, the lesional mucosa was reddish with rough surface and white moss; capillary abnormality was found on narrow-band imaging. Histologically, dysplastic cells had distinct features of squamous epithelium, with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, round to irregular nuclei, coarse chromatin, obvious nucleolus, and conspicuous mitoses. The cellularity was increased, the arrangement of cells was disordered, and the polarity of cells in basal layer was lost. When the dysplasia did not completely spread to the whole layer of squamous epithelium, a clear boundary was often formed between the dysplasia and the normal epithelium above it. The neoplastic epithelial protrusions often grew toward the lamina propria and were accompanied by conspicuous inflammatory cell reaction at its frontal edge. Sometimes, abnormal mature single epithelial cells or cell clusters infiltrated into the lamina propria. There were high-grade dysplasia of the common type and superficial invasive squamous cell carcinoma in 98 cases of differentiated-type dysplasia. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the mutation rate of TP53 was 47.7% (53/111). The median of Ki-67 labeling index was 50.0% (range 10%-80%), while that of basal tumor cells was 12/HPF (range 3-65/HPF). The abnormal distribution pattern of Ki-67 was seen in 111 (100%) cases. According to the initial pathological diagnosis, there were 16 cases of low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, 37 cases of atypical epithelial cells and 131 cases of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and superficial invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusions: The morphology of differentiated-type dysplasia of the esophagus is unique. Characteristics of highly differentiated dysplastic cells suggest that they may represent a differentiated type in the morphological lineage of esophageal squamous (high-grade) dysplasia. When the knowledge of the lesion is insufficient, it is easy to be misdiagnosed or missed in pathologic examination.

Small intestinal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma with deep ulcer and severe stenosis: A case report.

IntroductionAlthough eosinophils are commonly present on the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, various pathological conditions may cause a secondary increase in eosinophil quantity.Presentation of caseA 78-year-old man was referred to our hospital due to abdominal pain. Examinations revealed an ulcerative lesion with white moss in the terminal ileum and severe stenosis on the oral and anal sides. Tissue biopsies obtained from the ulcer margins showed a predominance of chronic inflammatory cells and abundant eosinophils in addition to lymphocytes/plasma cells. Secondary causes of tissue eosinophilia were suspected; however, the diagnosis could not be confirmed because of atypical endoscopic findings. Partial resection of the ileum was performed for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Histopathology of the resected specimen identified a lymphoepithelial lesion with an invasive tendency. While CD20 staining was positive, MUM-1 and Bcl-6 staining were negative. Based on these findings, the lesion was diagnosed as a small intestinal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (Lugano staging, stage II1).DiscussionHypereosinophilia in this lesion was suggested to be secondary to chronic inflammation due to tumor growth or impaired transit.ConclusionThere is a type of gastrointestinal MALT lymphoma showing an invasive tendency. In such cases, it may demonstrate atypical findings and hypereosinophilia in gastrointestinal tissues.

Cytomegalovirus\u2010associated esophagitis on early esophageal cancer in immunocompetent host: a case report

BackgroundCytomegalovirus (CMV)-associated gastrointestinal diseases usually occur in immunocompromised patients; however, few cases has also been described in healthy hosts despite still unclear pathological mechanisms. CMV esophagitis causes various lesions, such as erythematous mucosa, erosions, and ulcers, although such inflammatory changes can appear in superficial esophageal cancers or in surrounding areas. CMV-associated esophagitis has been also reported in cancer patients, but typically in those with advanced and/or terminal stage cancers secondary to chemoradiotherapy-induced immunosuppression or the physiologic demands of the malignancy itself. To our best knowledge, we firstly report on an immunocompetent patient subject to endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early esophageal cancer complicated with CMV infection.Case presentationA 77-year-old man underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) at a local clinic. EGD revealed a lugol-unstained reddish lesion with whitish exudates in the middle-distal esophagus. Histological evaluation of lesion biopsy revealed atypical squamous epithelium with CMV-positive granulation tissue and aggregates of macrophages, prompting referral for further examination and treatment. Magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging showed an erosive lesion with white moss in a well-demarcated brownish area with irregular mesh-like microvessels. ESD was performed for diagnosis and treatment. Histopathological examination of the resected specimen revealed superficial, moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with multiple lymphatic infiltration, and few CMV-positive cells were found in the erosive part of the SCC. Interestingly, he had no underlying conditions to predispose to CMV infection and no risk factors for esophageal cancer, other than gender and age. He received neither steroids for stricture prevention nor antiviral agents post-EGD and 4-month follow-up was negative for esophagitis.ConclusionsThis is the first report of a case of CMV esophagitis superimposed on early esophageal cancer in an immunocompetent host and might provide valuable information for possible adverse effects of steroid administration during ESD procedures, despite their common use for prevention of post-ESD stricture.

Pyogenic granuloma in small intestine associated with Cowden's disease in a patient with gastrointestinal bleeding:a case report

A 57-year-old female with a history of Cowden's disease was referred to our hospital because of black stool, loss of consciousness, and severe anemia. Upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy findings could not confirm the source of hemorrhage. Capsule endoscopy (CE) of the small intestine showed an active exudative hemorrhagic site near the ileum, although a definitive diagnosis was difficult. In a double balloon enteroscopy examination, it was difficult to observe the entire small intestine due to adhesions and the responsible lesion could not be confirmed, even when ink spots were applied to the deepest observation points through the mouth and anus. Hemostasis spontaneously occurred, and then anemia occurred again approximately 1 month later and a second CE examination was performed including passage of an ink stick through the oral side, which revealed an exudative elevated polyp with erosion and a white moss appearance in the ileum. Partial ileal resection was performed and pyogenic granuloma of the small intestine was the diagnosis. We report here a case of pyogenic granuloma of the small intestine associated with Cowden's disease.

THE SORPTION CAPACITY OF MOSSES AND LICHENS OF ZAURALIE IN RELATION TO LEAD IONS

The purpose of the study is mosses and lichens of the Kurgan region for use as sorbents of heavy metals.&#x0D; The sorption of lead ions (II) is studied on the native and mechanochemically activated samples of true moss (Pleurozium schreberi), white moss (Sphagnum fuscum), lichen genus cladonia: cladoniaforest (Cladonia sylvatica) and cladonia horned (Cladonia cornuta), growing in the ecologically clean districts of Zauralie.&#x0D; The concentration of lead ions in model solutions has been measured ionometrically (ion-selective electrode – XC-Pb-001). The specific surface area of natural sorbents has been determined using the classical dynamic method of low-temperature adsorption of inert gases (Sorbi®-MS device).&#x0D; Sorption isotherms have been obtained. The sorption kinetics has been studied. Equilibration time varies from 30 to 45 min. It is shown that the maximum sorption of lead ions (is) on white moss (a=0.25 mmol/g). The mathematical treatment of sorption isotherms has been fulfilled, actual values of empirical constants of Freundlich’s and Langmuir’s equations and correlation coefficients have been calculated. Langmuir’s model is most suitable to describe the sorption processes.&#x0D; All the used sorbents are macroporous. The mechanochemical activation of moss and lichen with solid sodium hydrogen carbonate leads to an increase in the sorption of lead ions (II) by 2–3 times, which is an indirect confirmation of the ion-exchange mechanism of sorption.

Clinical features and new diagnostic criteria for the syndrome of periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis.

The syndrome of periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) is a common inflammatory disease that presents with periodic fever. We aimed to establish more specific diagnostic criteria for PFAPA based on the clinical characteristics of PFAPA patients in our directory. The clinical, laboratory, genetic, and family history details of 257 Japanese PFAPA patients treated at our and other affiliated hospitals between April 2000 and April 2018 were analyzed along with quantitative measurements of the number of CD64 molecules on neutrophils, and the levels of serum inflammatory cytokines. The sensitivity and specificity of the criteria were calculated for several diseases. Because recurrent fevers were crucial findings, they were defined as the required criterion. Tonsillitis/pharyngitis with white moss were important accompanying signs. Other symptoms associated with febrile episodes were cervical lymphadenitis with tenderness, aphthous stomatitis, sore throat, vomiting, and headache but not cough. A total of 159 (62%) patients had a family history of recurrent fevers, indicating autosomal dominant inheritance. C-reactive protein levels were extremely elevated during febrile attacks but normal in attack-free periods. Serum immunoglobulin D levels were high in 72 of the 199 tested patients. Oral glucocorticoid and cimetidine were extremely effective in all and 51.6% of the patients, respectively. We defined the above as supportive criteria. These criteria were sensitive and specific enough to distinguish PFAPA from other recurrent fever diseases. Raised serum interferon-γ levels and remarkable CD64 expression on neutrophils during flare-ups were recognized, indicating they contributed to diagnosis. Our new criteria are useful for diagnosing PFAPA.

Endoscopic criteria to evaluate tumor response of rectal cancer to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy using magnifying chromoendoscopy

Background and aimsPrecise endoscopic assessment of complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy before surgery is important for optimizing surgical and non-surgical treatment. We prospectively evaluated the accuracy of the newly proposed endoscopic criteria to identify complete response, using magnifying chromoendoscopy. MethodsNew endoscopic criteria were created to define endoscopic complete response, near complete response and incomplete response, using magnifying chromoendoscopy. The criteria contained notable endoscopic findings, including shape of the scar, state of the ulcer, finding of white moss, presence of residual protruded nodules, regenerated pits of the scar, presence of neoplastic pit patterns, and extension of rectal wall. Seventy-nine patients with rectal cancer who received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy were prospectively evaluated 1–3 days before resection. Diagnostic accuracy to identify pathological complete response and interobserver agreement among a supervising colonoscopist and two trainees were investigated. ResultsPathological complete response was obtained in 17 patients (21.5%). The diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic complete response was 85%, with a sensitivity of 47%, specificity of 97%, positive predictive value of 80% and negative predictive value of 77%. The kappa-value for interobserver agreement across 3 doctors was 0.57 (standard error, 0.74; 95% confidence interval, 0.39–0.76). ConclusionThe newly proposed endoscopic criteria using magnifying chromoendoscopy achieved excellent diagnostic accuracy to determine good responders to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer, with fair interobserver agreement. The criteria could be clinically useful to select patients for non-surgical management.

Toxicity of graphene oxide to white moss Leucobryum glaucum

Graphene oxide was toxic to white moss Leucobryum glaucum.

急速な原発巣の増大を見た喉頭紡錘形細胞癌の１例

Spindle cell carcinoma is a rare malignant neoplasm in the larynx. We report a case of spindle cell carcinoma arising in the larynx. We recently treated a 73-year-old man with spindle cell carcinoma of the larynx who complained of dyspnea for rapid growth tumor in May 2009. We observed the tumor with a white moss on the bilateral vocal cords by laryngeal fiberscope. There was no lymphadenopathy palpable in the cervical region. A biopsy showed spindle cell carcinoma and it was a plan of the radiation therapy, but because the increased rapidly in June of the year and accepted dyspnea, I performed a tracheotomy in the general anesthesia bottom and performed total laryngectomy and neck dissencion. Although the patient had been observed without any recurrences or distant metastases for 29 months postopertively, he unfortunately died by unexpected accident.

A Case of a Crohn's Disease-Complicated Pregnancy Saved by Emergency Cesarean Section and Colostomy for Pan-peritonitis

The patient, a 40–year–old multiparous woman, was in the 29th week of gestation when she complained of left lower abdominal pain. Colonoscopy was performed in another institution, revealing discontinuous geographical redness and edematous swelling in the lower rectum, as well as narrowing of the lumen from the rectosigmoid to the sigmoid colon. Crohn's disease was diagnosed on the basis of the findings, the clinical course, and the fact that skin tags were also present. However, the following day, the inflammatory findings and abdominal pain worsened, and the patient was referred to our hospital, since NICU management for the baby was considered necessary. A CT scan did not show any clear abscess formation nor free air, but panperitonitis was diagnosed on the basis of the abdominal findings, and emergency surgery was thus performed. Caesarean section was performed first. Copious amounts of white moss–like adherent and contaminated ascites were observed centred on the sigmoid colon, and it was concluded that minor leakage had caused the peritonitis. We decided priority the life of the patient, palliative stoma was created at the splenic flexure of the transverse colon. Both the mother and the baby had good postoperative courses.

Climatic significance of the marginalization of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)c. 2500 BC at White Moss, south Cheshire, UK

Subfossil wood from White Moss, south Cheshire, has become the focus of palaeoenvironmental research employing not only conventional coring, pollen analysis, radiocarbon dating and dendrochronology on pine and oak, but also the exhumation of in situ peat areas and dendroecology of the pine ring-width records. Initial dendrochronological research at the site yielded five pine chronologies dating from 3520 to 2462 cal. bc. These and other data indicate three episodes of pine colonization of the mire in the period between 3643 and 1740 cal. bc. Comparison of the pollen and spore records suggest that pine became marginalized at the site c. 2500 cal. bc after successive episodes of increased wetness, and this may represent a staged response to climatic deterioration. Two oak chronologies were dated by reference to the Belfast and to English oak master chronologies to 3228–2898 bc and 2190–1891 bc, respectively, showing the possible co-existence of pine and oak on the mire for part of the time. Further dendrochronological work on subfossil pine at the site resulted in a chronology (WM4) that was cross-matched with pine from elsewhere in England, and subsequently dated absolutely to 2881–2559 bc. Detailed dendroecological information, such as fire episodes and periods of environmental stress indicated in the tree-ring records, have been assigned, precisely and accurately, to calendar years in prehistory. The detailed data show the potential for both dendroecological and wider palaeocli matic and palaeoenvironmental information that may become available from prehistoric bog-pine chronologies, which might then permit precise correlation and comparisons of proxy-climate data between sites.

Dating prehistoric bog‐fires in northern England to calendar years by long‐distance cross‐matching of pine chronologies

The ages of prehistoric fires can be approximated by radiocarbon dating of charcoal or associated material, but such dating is often inaccurate and at best imprecise. Pine trunks preserved in British and Irish peats occasionally show firescars, which might be dated through dendrochronology to yield calendar-year dates. However, unlike oak, there is no master pine chronology to provide absolute dates, so dating is dependent on interspecies cross-matching; for sites in the British Isles with no dated oaks, calendar-year dating of prehistoric pines has hitherto proved impossible. We present a first success in dating, accurately and precisely, prehistoric fire events recorded in subfossil bog-pine trunks, using long-distance cross-matching of pine chronologies between White Moss, Cheshire, and the Humberhead Levels, England. Results demonstrate a bog-fire in Cheshire in spring 2800 BC, and again in 2710 BC, between spring and summer. Further successful long-distance cross-matching of pine would permit international climatological comparisons. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Dating prehistoric bog-fires in northern England to calendar years by long-distance cross-matching of pine chronologies

The ages of prehistoric fires can be approximated by radiocarbon dating of charcoal or associated material, but such dating is often inaccurate and at best imprecise. Pine trunks preserved in British and Irish peats occasionally show firescars, which might be dated through dendrochronology to yield calendar-year dates. However, unlike oak, there is no master pine chronology to provide absolute dates, so dating is dependent on interspecies cross-matching; for sites in the British Isles with no dated oaks, calendar-year dating of prehistoric pines has hitherto proved impossible. We present a first success in dating, accurately and precisely, prehistoric fire events recorded in subfossil bog-pine trunks, using long-distance cross-matching of pine chronologies between White Moss, Cheshire, and the Humberhead Levels, England. Results demonstrate a bog-fire in Cheshire in spring 2800 BC, and again in 2710 BC, between spring and summer. Further successful long-distance cross-matching of pine would permit international climatological comparisons. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Cancer infiltration of gastric peritoneum and free cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity

Free cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity from 60 cases of gastric cancer were examined by means of Douglas's cavity lavage, to study the relationship bet ween free cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity and the cancer infiltration to the gastric peritoneum.The results were summarized as follows.1. Free cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity were observed in the cases where the cancer infiltration had reached the gastric peritoneum (S2:37%;S3: 59%).2. The gastric peritoneum was cytologically examined by touchsmear method, and cancer cells were found on the surface of the gastric peritoneum in almost all cases of S2 and S3 (S2:95%;S3: 100%).3. In the cases where free cancer cells were proved in the peritoneal cavity, the gastric peritoneal infiltration covered an area of 15-20cm2 or more, and the center of the surface of the gastric peritoneal infiltration macroscopically looked like white moss and the periphery of it, like small granules, in most of the cases. Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was revealed in the histological findings.4. The viability of free cancer cells in the peritonealcavity was relatively high.

Some Sphagna from Indochina

Some Sphagna from Indochina