White Meat Consumption Research Articles

Future trends for the production and consumption of white meat in Egypt

Egypt has recently been seeking to adopt a food policy that would raise the level of protein nutrition as one of the important measures of the level of progress and people's well-being. The state's plans aim to achieve self-sufficiency in food commodities as much as possible. The problem of the study is represented in the insufficient local production of white meat to meet the consumption needs, which leads to an increase in imports of the commodity, and consequently, the burden of the cost of importing it from abroad, and consequently increasing the deficit in the trade balance, and thus negatively affecting the balance of payments. The study aims to analyze the indicators of white meat production in Egypt by identifying the most important economic factors affecting both production and consumption and trying to predict the future values of these factors.

The association between meat consumption and muscle strength index in young adults: the mediating role of total protein intake and lean mass percentage.

The aim of this study was to analyse the associations between the consumption of different types of meat and the muscle strength index (MSI) and to examine whether this relationship is mediated by total protein intake (TPI) and lean mass percentage (LM%) in young adults. We conducted a cross-sectional study with first-year university students from Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. Different types of meat consumption (total, red, processed, and white and fish) were separately evaluated using a Food-Frequency Questionnaire. MSI was determined from the handgrip and standing long jump tests. ANCOVA models were used to test the mean differences in MSI by categories of meat consumption. Serial multiple mediation models were used to explore the mediating role of TPI and LM% in the relationship between meat consumption and MSI. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and socioeconomic level, identified through a directed acyclic graph. Additional analyses were performed with a small subsample including alcohol intake, tobacco smoking, physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and total energy intake as covariates in the multiple mediation models. A total of 230 students (mean age 21.1 ± 2.1years, 66.5% women) were included in the analysis. Young adults with higher meat consumption (total, red, and white and fish) had higher MSI adjusted means than their peers with lower meat consumption (p < 0.05). These associations did not remain after controlling for TPI and LM%. In adjusted mediation analyses, a significant indirect effect was observed through TPI and LM% in the associations between each of the types of meat consumption and MSI. In the additional analyses, a greater effect of white and fish meat consumption on muscle strength through mediation of TPI and LM% was reported compared to red or processed meat consumption, and no significant effects were observed between processed meat consumption and MSI. Higher consumption of total, red, and white and fish meat was associated with increased MSI in young adults. TPI and LM% mediated this relationship.

The role of diet in genotoxicity of fecal water derived from IBD patients and healthy controls.

Certain dietary factors with anti-inflammatory and/or anti-cancer properties would be a promising preventive strategy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients against developing colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). In this study, fecal water (FW) was obtained from 80 IBD patients and 20 healthy controls (HCs). The comet assay was applied to determine the DNA damage induced by FW, and the protective potential of FW against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced DNA damage in Caco-2cells. Information on diet was obtained via food frequency questionnaires. The results showed that FW from IBD patients, especially patients with flares, induced higher levels of direct DNA damage in Caco-2cells and showed less protection against H2O2-induced DNA damage, when compared to HCs. The DNA damage induced by FW was positively associated with consumption of processed meat and sugary foods, and nutrient intakes including heme iron and added sugars, whereas negatively correlated to intakes of soy products, and a dietary pattern characterized by high consumption of potatoes, white meat, nuts and seeds, eggs, legumes and soy products. FW from subjects with high coffee consumption protected against H2O2-induced DNA damage. These results can help to develop potential preventive strategies for IBD patients to reduce the CAC risk.

Effect of the Intake of Lean Red-Meat from Beef-(Pirenaica Breed) versus Lean White-Meat on Body Composition, Fatty Acids Profile and Cardiovascular Risk Indicators: A Randomized Cross-Over Study in Healthy Young Adults.

The main dietary guidelines recommended a restriction of total and saturated fat intake in the management of cardiovascular risk. These recommendations are overgeneralized, and all red meats should be limited and replaced by white meat. The aim is to assess the effect of the consumption of beef (from the Pirenaica breed) or chicken-based diets on body composition, fatty acid profile and cardiovascular (CV) risk indicators in healthy adults. A randomized cross-over study was carried out in three University accommodation halls. Participants consumed either the Pirenaica breed beef or chicken three times per week for 8-week periods with their usual diet. Body composition, clinical, biochemical and dietary variables were evaluated at baseline and at the end of each period. A validated diet questionnaire was used to assess nutrient intake and monitor compliance. Intervention and control group comparisons were done with the general linear regression model for repeated measures. Forty-seven healthy adults were included (51.6% males, mean age 19.9 ± 1.75 years). No significant differences were found in body composition, fatty acid profile or CV risk indicators from baseline in either diet group. Consumption of lean red meat (Pirenaica breed) or lean white meat (chicken) as part of the usual diet is associated with a similar response. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT 04832217 (accessed on 6 September 2022).

The role of dietary factors in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease to hepatocellular carcinoma progression: A systematic review

Dietary factors play an important role in promoting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development through regulation of metabolism and inflammation. However, so far there was no evidence regarding how dietary factors may influence different disease outcomes in the NAFLD to HCC progression. Our study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the role of dietary factors on the risk of progression from NAFLD to HCC. A comprehensive literature research was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and Embase databases to identify case-control and cohort studies published up to March 15, 2022 in English. We included studies investigating associations of food and beverage items (excluding alcohol), food groups, dietary patterns, and dietary habits with incidence risk of four main chronic liver diseases involved in the NAFLD-to-HCC progression (i.e., NAFLD, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and HCC). Three researchers independently performed the literature search, selected eligible articles, performed data abstraction and evaluated study quality. After evaluating adequacy and credibility of the associations reported for each dietary factor and each liver disease outcome, we summarized and evaluated the consistency of associations based on a priori determined criteria considering study design and the proportion of significant associations. There were 109 studies included in this review (47 on NAFLD, 1 on liver fibrosis, 6 on liver cirrhosis, and 55 on HCC). Consistent evidence suggested that higher dietary inflammatory potential was associated with increased risk of both NAFLD and HCC whereas Mediterranean diet was associated with lower risk of both diseases. Additionally, greater conformity to the Healthy Eating Index, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension score, and Mediterranean Diet Score, and dietary patterns with high dietary antioxidant capacity reduced NAFLD risk. Some specific foods including soft drinks and red and/or processed meat were associated with increased NAFLD risk while total vegetables and spinach were associated with reduced NAFLD risk. Coffee and white meat consumption were inversely related to HCC risk. Dietary patterns or individual foods representing a more anti-inflammatory potential were associated with reduced risk of both NAFLD and HCC, which implied diet-induced inflammation may impact NAFLD progression towards HCC.

COVID-19 epidemic lockdown-induced changes of cereals and animal protein foods consumption of Iran population: the first nationwide survey

BackgroundThe COVID-19 epidemic has affected diverse issues of life including economy, health and nutrition. This nationwide study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the epidemic lockdown-induced socio-economic changes on animal source proteins and cereals intakes of Iran population for the first time.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study using a web-based electronic self-administered questionnaire. A questionnaire was designed with the aim of detecting any changes in the dietary pattern of the Iranian household following coronavirus epidemic.ResultsA total of 21,290 households participated in the study. Approximately 33%, 24%, 14.2% and 7% of the households had decreased the weekly consumption of red meat, white meat, eggs and rice/bread, respectively, following COVID-19 epidemic. The results of ordered logistic regression showed that the female-headed households, as compared with male-headed ones, were 30% more likely to decrease their weekly consumption of white meat (OR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1–1.5). About 8.6% of the households had reduced all three major dietary sources of animal protein. Close to half of the households (46.9%) who decreased their intake of the animal protein sources had increased their intake of rice or bread, too. The major reasons for these changes were decrease of income and job loss.ConclusionIn conclusion, animal protein food consumption decreased during epidemic lockdown but the amounts of rice and bread, as the major sources of dietary energy, have increased. These changes, if persist long enough, can seriously affect micronutrient status of the whole population. Early nutritional interventions for needy families are warranted.

An economic study of the most important variables affecting consumption of poultry white meat in Egypt

An economic study of the most important variables affecting consumption of poultry white meat in Egypt

COMPARISON BETEEEN THE CONSUMPTION OF RED MEAT AND WHITE MEAT FOR ASAMPLE OF CITIZENS OF THE CITY OF BAGHDAD/ AN EXPLORATORY STUDY

Three hundred Iraqi people participated in demographic and attitudes study about red and white meat consumption. The mean age of the participants was 50 SD ± 11 years (mean 30-72); 51% were females and 49% males, mostly in forties who lived ≥ 5 years in Baghdad. The results showed that 80% of individuals prefer red meat. A 90% of people prefer fresh meat compared to frozen and processed meat. A 60% of people buy meat from popular markets. Nearly 87% of respondents believe the improving of livestock sector is essential and 80% of people confirmed there are obstacles to development this sector. An 80% of participates thought the reasons of the high prices of local fresh meat is the lack of planning and support to livestock sector. A survey also include chronic diseases assessment, a 60% of the individuals suffer from some chronic diseases, 23% of them suffer from cardiovascular diseases, 13% from diabetes, 21% had arthritis, and 3% were exposed to various types of benign or malignant tumors. In addition, the study appeared 30% of the sample suffered from gastrointestinal diseases such as diarrhea, colic, colitis, and acidity of the stomach and 21% were suffering from urinary problems. It has noticed that there is risk factor of urinary system diseases, arthritis and diabetes with excessive consumption of red meat. We recommend more attention to the local livestock sector and urging people to eat moderation of fresh and white meat, reduce red meat consumption.

Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Dietary Consumption among Chinese Residents: Evidence from Provincial-Level Panel Data

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected people’s daily lives, including their dietary behaviors. Using a panel data set of 31 provinces from 2015 to 2020, this study employed two-way fixed effects (FE) models to examine the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on dietary consumption among Chinese residents. The results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic positively affected residents’ consumption of grain, eggs, dairy, and white meat (poultry and aquatic products), while it had a negative effect on individuals’ red meat consumption in both urban and rural areas. These results were robust to different measures of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the number of confirmed cases, suspect cases, and dead cases. Comparatively, the changes in food consumption induced by the COVID-19 pandemic were more prominent for Chinese residents who lived in rural areas than urban areas. In addition, compared to their counterparts, the dietary consequences of the pandemic were more pronounced for residents living in the eastern region and regions with a high old-age dependency ratio and low illiteracy rate. Furthermore, the estimation results of the quantile regression model for panel data suggested that the COVID-19 pandemic had relatively larger impacts on the dietary consumption of Chinese residents at lower quantiles of food consumption compared with those at higher quantiles. Overall, the results of this study suggested that Chinese residents had a healthier diet after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. We discussed possible mechanisms, including health awareness, income, food supply and prices, and other behavioral changes during COVID-19 (e.g., physical activity and cooking). To further improve residents’ dietary behaviors and health, our study proposed relevant measures, such as increasing residents’ dietary knowledge, ensuring employment and income, and strengthening the food supply chain resilience during the pandemic.

Foods of the Mediterranean diet: tomato, olives, chili pepper, wheat flour and wheat germ.

Mediterranean people, which follows a diet rich in minimally-processed plant-based foods, are believed to live longer and healthier lives than many other populations in the Western world. Epidemiological and clinical data suggest that the Mediterranean diet has beneficial effects for several chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, cancer and diabetes. Although the mechanisms of action of the Mediterranean diet are not completely clear, the synergistic effects of a number of its components and their bioactive phytochemicals exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-cancer effects. The Mediterranean diet includes daily consumption of whole cereals, fruit, vegetables and legumes in moderate proportions, weekly consumption of white meat in low to moderate proportions and occasionally sweets and chocolates in small amounts. Since olive oil is the main lipids source, it has special significance for health. Healthy fruit and vegetables, rich in phytochemicals, are a major proportion of this diet and contribute to the overall nutritional value and bioactivity of its components. Here we review the nutritional and health benefits of wheat germ, tomatoes, olives and chili pepper, items at the base of Mediterranean diet food pyramid that provides beneficial molecules, such as polyphenols, vitamins and flavonoids, and exert anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-oxidative actions.

Effects of Red Meat Consumption With Proton Pump Inhibitors on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Rats

ObjectivesCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. Many studies showed that high consumption of red meat contributes to the risk of CVDs due to its negative effects on cholesterol and blood pressure. In addition, long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) has been reported to have an adverse impact on vascular functions. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of red meat consumption with PPIs on cardiometabolic risk factors in rats. MethodsTwenty eight 9-month-old Sprague Dawley male rats were divided into four groups in a 2 diets (white meat powder or red meat powder) × 2 treatments (with or without PPI) factorial design. The diets consisted of 70% rat chow and 30% meat powder while PPI treatment was included in 0.05 g/kg diet. After 8 weeks of feeding, tissues were harvested and blood was collected for analysis of glucose, lipid profiles, total antioxidant capacity, and liver function enzymes. ResultsThere were no significant differences in initial weight and final body weight among groups. However, rats fed with red meat powder exhibited lower weight gain (P = 0.049) and lower epididymal fat (P = 0.046). PPI administration increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST, P = 0.003), creatine kinase (CK, P = 0.049), and resulted in an increasing trend in alkaline phosphatase (AP, P = 0.063) but no significant differences were found between red meat vs. white meat. There were no significant differences in glucose, HbA1C, lipid profiles, total antioxidant capacity, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and gamma glutamyl transferase (rGT) between meat types or PPI treatments. ConclusionsThe results suggest that red meat consumption might have some positive effects on body composition by lowering weight gain and epididymal fat compared to white meat consumption while not significantly impacting other cardiometabolic risk factors. Nevertheless, increasing trends in some liver function enzymes indicate that the use of PPIs may cause some hepatic damage. Further research is needed to determine the underlying mechanisms of the current findings. Funding SourcesSan Diego State University College of Health and Human Services faculty Jump Start Grant (PI: Tianying Wu, Co-PI: Mee-Young Hong).

Drivers of Households' Demand for White and Red Meat in Nigeria

The consumption of red meat has become a major health concern for consumers, especially those related to the heart. White meat contains less fat and cholesterol and tends to regulate blood pressure and heart-related diseases. Research on white meat has not been given the desired attention, thus the need for the study on white meat demand in Nigeria. In this study, we used already obtained data to evaluate the drivers of demand of households for white and red meat. The data used were obtained from the Harmonised National Living Standard Survey (HNLSS) collected by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), Nigeria. The respondents surveyed comprised 33,102 households. Descriptive statistics and the Heckman 2-stage model were the analytical tools employed. Monthly expenditure on beef ($21.66) is higher than on fish and poultry ($21.58 and $5.21, respectively) in the rural area. While households' expenditure on fish ($17.63) is higher than on beef and poultry ($14.01 and $1.55, respectively) in the urban sector. Age, sex, higher health expenditure, residents in the rural sector and northwest zone adversely influence households' demand for white meat. Advocacy and enlightenment campaign on the nutritional and health benefits of white meat consumption is key for households that are male-headed and those that spend more on health issues; rural sector and northwest zone residents.

Cohort profile: The Xinjiang Multiethnic Cohort (XMC) study

PurposeTo investigate the potential causal link between heredity, geographical environment, diet and other lifestyle factors with long-term health consequences, we established the Xinjiang Multiethnic Cohort Study (XMC), the first large-scale...

Characterisation of meat consumption across socio-demographic, lifestyle and anthropometric groups in Switzerland: results from the National Nutrition Survey menuCH.

Characterising meat consumption in Switzerland across socio-demographic, lifestyle and anthropometric groups. Representative national data from the menuCH survey (two 24-hour dietary recalls, anthropometric measurements and a lifestyle questionnaire) were used to analyse the total average daily intake of meat and main meat categories. Energy-standardised average intake (g/1000 kcal) was calculated and its association with 12 socio-demographic, lifestyle and anthropometric variables was investigated using multivariable linear regression. Switzerland. Totally, 2057 participants aged 18-75 years. Average total meat intake was 109 g/d, which included 43 g/d of processed meat, 37 g/d of red meat and 27 g/d of white meat. Energy-standardised meat intake was highest for men, the Italian-language region and the youngest age group (18-29 years). Regression results showed significantly lower total meat and red meat consumption (g/1000 kcal) for women than men. However, there were no sex-specific differences for white meat. Total meat and white meat consumption were positively associated with the 18-29 age group, compared with 30-44 years, non-Swiss compared with Swiss participants and one-parent families with children compared with couples without children. Consumption of all categories of meat showed positive associations for BMI > 25 kg/m2 compared with BMI 18·5-25 kg/m2 and for French- and Italian-language regions compared with German-language region. The current study reveals that there are significant differences in the amounts and types of meat consumed in Switzerland, suggesting that evidence-based risks and benefits of these categories need to be emphasised more in meat consumption recommendations.

Dietary Customs and Social Deprivation in an Aging Population From Southern Italy: A Machine Learning Approach.

BackgroundDiet and social determinants influence the state of human health. In older adults, the presence of social, physical and psychological barriers increases the probability of deprivation. This study investigated the relationship between social deprivation and eating habits in non-institutionalized older adults from Southern Italy, and identified foods and dietary habits associated with social deprivation.MethodsWe recruited 1,002 subjects, mean age 74 years, from the large population based Salus in Apulia Study. In this cross-sectional study, eating habits and the level of deprivation were assessed with FFQ and DiPCare-Q, respectively.ResultsDeprived subjects (n = 441) included slightly more females, who were slightly older and with a lower level of education. They consumed less fish (23 vs. 26 g), fruiting vegetables (87 vs. 102 g), nuts (6 vs. 9 g) and less “ready to eat” dishes (29 vs. 33 g). A Random Forest (RF) model was used to identify a dietary pattern associated with social deprivation. This pattern included an increased consumption of low-fat dairy products and white meat, and a decreased consumption of wine, leafy vegetables, seafood/shellfish, processed meat, red meat, dairy products, and eggs.ConclusionThe present study showed that social factors also define diet and eating habits. Subjects with higher levels of deprivation consume cheaper and more readily available food.

Gut microbiome composition in pre-adolescent children with different meat consumption patterns

To compare the composition of gut microbiome in pre-adolescent children with different meat consumption patterns. This study was conducted among 44 healthy school-age children (age range 8-10 years) in Shenzhen. According to the monthly intake frequency ratio of white meat and red meat, the children were divided into red-meat group (n=15), balanced group (n=16) and white-meat group (n=13). The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to investigate the children's diet, and samples of morning feces were collected to study the gut microbiome. The fecal DNA was extracted and amplified, and the composition of the intestinal microbiome of the children was analyzed using Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing. The children in red meat and white meat groups showed significantly lower abundance and diversity of gut microbiota than those with a balanced diet (P < 0.05). LEfSe analysis of the genus in the fecal samples showed that Escherichia-Shigella, Coprobacillus and Peptoniphilus were enriched in red-meat group and Holdemanella was enriched in the white-meat group as compared with the balanced group. In the samples of the balanced group, 31 and 25 genus (such as Laurespirillum and Rumenococcus) were significantly enriched as compared with the samples of the red-meat group and the white-meat group, respectively. Prediction of the gut microbiota KEGG pathway using PICRUSt2 suggested that compared with that in the balanced group, the gut microbiota in red-meat group had significant activation of the pathways involving lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis (P < 0.01), arachidonic acid metabolism (P < 0.01), thyroid hormone synthesis (P < 0.001), and carbohydrate digestion and absorption (P < 0.05). But compared with the white-meat group, the red-meat group showed only significant activation of the pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism (P < 0.05) and thyroid hormone synthesis (P < 0.05). The preference of red meat and white meat consumption may significantly reduce the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota in pre-adolescent children. A red meat-rich diet may cause enrichment of Escherichia-Shigella and significant activation of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathway, suggesting the potential benefit of a balanced diet for pre-adolescent children.

Associations between Depression, Nutritional Status and Mediterranean Diet in Dalmatian Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Depression has been addressed as a predictor of worse outcomes in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Nutritional status plays a great role in treatment of this population. The Mediterranean diet (MeDi) has been associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the rate of depression and its correlations to nutritional status and dietary habits according to the MeDi in Dalmatian KTRs. We included 115 KTRs, and data about body composition and anthropometric, laboratory and clinical parameters were obtained for each study participant. The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) questionnaire was used to assess depressive symptoms and the Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (MDSS) was used to assess adherence to the MeDi. We found the presence of depressive symptoms in 21.73% of the Dalmatian KTRs. BDI-II score was reciprocally associated with fat mass, trunk visceral fat, anthropometric parameters of obesity, triglyceride levels and olive oil consumption. Inverse associations were found between BDI-II score and skeletal muscle mass, handgrip strength, MCV, hemoglobin levels and consumption of fish and white meat, as suggested by the MeDi. Our results showed the interconnections between nutritional status, dietary habits and depression in Dalmatian KTRs.

Associations between the Mediterranean Diet Pattern and Weight Status and Cognitive Development in Preschool Children.

Cognitive dysfunctions are a global health concern. Early-life diet and weight status may contribute to children’s cognitive development. For this reason, we explored the associations between habitual food consumption, body mass index (BMI) and cognitive outcomes in 54 preschool children belonging to the Pisa birth Cohort (PISAC). We estimated groups of foods, nutrients and calorie intakes through a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and Italian national databases. Then, we adopted the Mediterranean diet (MD) score to assess relative MD adherence. Cognition was examined using the Griffiths Mental Development Scales-Extended Revised (GMDS-ER). We found that higher, compared to low and moderate, adherence to MD was associated with higher performance scores. Furthermore, white meat consumption was positively related to BMI, and BMI (age–gender specific, z-scores) categories were negatively related to practical reasoning scores. All associations were independent of maternal IQ estimates, parents’ socioeconomic status, exclusive/non-exclusive breastfeeding, actual age at cognitive assessment and gender. In conclusion, in preschool children, very high adherence to MD seemed protective, whereas BMI (reinforced by the intake of white meat) was negatively associated with cognition.

Associations of dietary patterns with blood pressure and markers of subclinical arterial damage in adults with risk factors for CVD.

Unhealthy diet is a modifiable risk factor leading to subclinical arterial damage (SAD), high BP and CVD. It was aimed to investigate the possible associations of dietary patterns (DPs) with SAD in adults having multiple CVD risk factors. Dietary intake was evaluated through two 24-h dietary recalls and principal component analysis was used to identify DPs. Oscillometry, applanation tonometry with pulse wave analysis and carotid ultrasound were used to assess peripheral and aortic BP, arterial stiffness and pressure wave reflections. Laiko University Hospital, Athens, Greece. A total of 470 individuals (53·1 ± 14·2 years) with CVD risk factors were enrolled. A pattern characterised by increased consumption of whole-grain cereals, white meat and reduced consumption of sugar was positively associated with common carotid compliance (β = 0·01, 95 % CI 0·00, 0·01), whereas a pattern high in refined cereals, red and processed meat was positively associated with brachial but not aortic systolic pressure (β = 1·76, 95 % CI 0·11, 3·42) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) (β = 1·18, 95 % CI 0·02, -2·38). Low consumption of low-fat dairy products, high consumption of full-fat cheese and butter was positively associated with MAP (β = 0·97, 95 % CI 0·01, 1·95). Increased consumption of vegetables, fruits, fresh juices, fish and seafood was inversely associated with augmentation index (AIx) (β = -1·01, 95 % CI -1·93, -0·09). Consumption of whole grains, white meat, fruits/vegetables, fish/seafood and avoidance of sugar was associated with improved SAD. Preference in refined grains, red/processed meat, high-fat cheese/butter and low intake of low-fat dairy products were associated with BP elevation. Future studies are needed to confirm the present findings.

Perception of white meat consumption among urban households in Ibadan North Local Government of Oyo State

This study examines the consumer’s perception of white meat among household in Ibadan north local government area of Oyo state, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling was used through questionnaire to gather information from 110 respondents used as a sample size for the study. Data were analyzed through the use of descriptive statistics tools such as frequency and percentage, while inferential statistics such as chi-square and PPMC were used for the hypotheses. The result of the study revealed that majority (63.6%) of the respondents were married, also in their active age (93.2%) and engaged in trading and civil service work as their primary occupation. Also, majority (55.5%) had up to secondary education and tertiary school level with household size 1-5.The result further revealed that 52.4% of the respondents had unfavourable perception of white meat consumption while 47.6% had favourable perception. Also, better cholesterol content (53.6%) and reduced health risk (51.8%) were some of the perceived benefits of white meat considered by respondents. Constraints such as high cost of white meat (99%) and low income (88%) were considered as major constraints to white meat consumption. Chi-square analysis revealed that marital status(X2=18.693, P=0.028), education(X2=17.753, P=0.038) and primary occupation(X2=18.266, P=0.032) of respondents were found to have significant relationship with their perception of white meat consumption at 0.05 level. Also, PPMC analysis showed that there was relationship between perceived benefits and perception for white meat at 0.05 level of significant. The study, therefore, recommends that the enlightenment programmes on nutritional benefit of white meat consumption should be promoted for consumers to have right perception.