White Lupine Seeds Research Articles

Development and Maturation of White Lupine Seed

AbstractUnreliable ripening has limited production of white lupine (Lupinus albus L.) in northern temperate climates. Currently, there are no adequate methods to predict physiological maturity of this crop. The objectives of this study were to develop a descriptive index of maturation for white lupine pods and seeds, and to relate physiological maturity to the relationship between seed and pod moisture contents. Field data from a series of studies on the effects of planting date and plant density on white lupine growth and yield were used to generate the developmental index. The index was useful in determining developmental stages for both main‐stem and higher‐order lateral pods. Funicula detachment occurred between 55 and 80 kg kg−1 pod moisture content and was consistent with literature reports of physiological maturity, maturation drying and onset of desiccation‐tolerance. Rapid seed filling occurred when pod moisture content was greater than 83 kg kg−1 fresh weight. The relationship between pod and seed moisture content was linear and varied between years, but did not vary between main‐stem and lateral pods within year. At pod moisture content less than 83 kg kg−1, however, the relationship was curvilinear and did not vary over year or pod order (main‐stem or first‐order lateral pods). The change in slope of this relationship at 83 kg kg−1 pod moisture content may explicitly identify physiological maturity and the onset of maturation drying. Although lupine is harvested when seed moisture content falls below 20 kg kg−1, these data concur with reports in the literature suggesting that a lupine crop may be harvested when pod moisture content range from 55 to 80 kg kg−1 without loss of seed yield or viability.

Factors influencing variability in manganese content of seeds, with emphasis on barley (Hordeum vulgare) and white lupins (Lupinus albus)

Considerable variability can occur in the manganese (Mn) content and concentration of seeds. This variability can influence plant growth and development, crop yield and seed quality. In order to understand which factors affect seed Mn variability, the effects of site of growth, season and genotype on the Mn content of barley seed were examined. Plant-to-plant and within-plant variability of white lupin seed were also examined. Manganese concentrations of seeds of barley, wheat and faba bean grown at the same site were compared. For barley, site of growth was the most important determinant of Mn content of the seed. Cultivar differences were not statistically significant. There was a significant season by site interaction which indicated that season affected seed Mn content at a site with low Mn availability but not at a site with adequate Mn. Manganese concentrations in seeds of different species grown at the same site varied considerably. 'Tatiara' wheat had more than twice the Mn concentration of 'Schooner' barley (48 and 21 mg kg-1, respectively), while small-seeded faba bean had the lowest Mn concentration of the three (6 mg kg-1). In white lupin, there were significant differences in seed Mn content of plants growing side by side at the same site. Significant within-plant variation was also found for both white lupins and barley. The range of Mn concentration of seed from one plant was 1530 to 3750 mg kg-1for white lupins and 1 1 to 24 mg kg-1 for barley. In barley (and probably most plants), variability of seed Mn concentration can be minimized by selecting seed by weight from parents grown at the same site during the same season. Variability of Mn concentration and content of white lupin seeds is not as easily accounted for and thus is more difficult to minimize. For barley, there was a positive relationship between seed weight and Mn concentration (r2= 0.66), while in white lupins, no such relationship was apparent. For white lupins with high concentrations of Mn, seed Mn variability could not be accounted for by genotype or seed weight.

Comparison of Sweet White Lupin Seeds with Soybean Meal as a Protein Supplement for Lactating Dairy Cows

Data were from 45 Holstein cows (23 multiparous, 22 primiparous) assigned by calving date and parity within groups to one of two isonitrogenous (16% crude protein) diets. The diets were 50% forages (corn silage, alfalfa silage) and 50% concentrate, dry basis. In diet A, soybean meal supplied 34.2% of total crude protein; in diet B, ground sweet white lupin seeds provided 37.9% of total crude protein. Cows were fed once daily during the experimental period (d 4 to 116 postpartum). Cows fed lupins consumed significantly less dry matter, produced 1.8 kg/d less milk (but not significantly different), and had lower milk protein percent. Milk fat and total solids percents were similar. Reasons for reduced intake of cows fed lupins were not evident. Traces of alkaloids (.005% dry basis) were present in diet B. Combined results of in vitro continuous culture fermentation and in situ degradation measurements indicated that crude protein from lupins was more degradable than that of soybean meal. Poor performances of cows fed lupins could be partly due to a reduced true protein supply to the small intestine.

The accumulation of lipids in developing seeds of white lupin (lupinus albus L.)

AbstractThe accumulation of lipid in embryos of lupin was found to be most rapid between 30 and 40 days after anthesis, coinciding with the stage of maximal dry weight increase of the developing seed. The percentage composition of oleic acid increased and that of linoleic acid decreased as the seed matured. Factors which cause premature cessation of embryo development are likely to affect adversely the oleate: linoleate ratio in the seed as well as the percentage oil content.

Characterization and distribution of soluble and insoluble carbohydrates in lupin seeds.

White, blue and yellow lupin seeds were analyzed for their soluble and insoluble carbohydrate contents. The seeds contained only traces of starch. Their furfural generator contents were fairly constant (9.3--10.5%) and their soluble sugar contents were in the range of 11.8 to 14.1%. Thin-layer and column chromatography of the ethanol-soluble sugars showed the presence of varying amounts of ajugose, verbascose, stachyose, raffinose and sucrose. Quantitative analysis revealed an average of 25% sucrose in the total sugars, the major part of which is composed of alpha-galactosides. Separate analysis of the cotyledons (including the germ) showed that the latter contain 80% total carbohydrates, most of which were structural polysaccharides. The composition of the cell-wall constituents was examined after acid hydrolysis. Monosaccharides resulting after acid hydrolysis of the hemicelluloses were predominantly xylose and arabinose. Smaller quantities of galactose and glucose, and traces of rhamnose were also present. The cotyledons contain a considerable amount of soluble sugars (19.0%). Small amounts of glucose-containing polymers, soluble in water and dilute acid, were present in the cotyledons (1.0%); they increased to 2.4% in the hulls.

Selection in Lupinus albus L. for lower seed manganese concentration

Seeds of 49 Mediterranean white lupin accessions and of 36 F5 families derived from 13 of them were analysed for manganese concentration. High concentrations in the range 1770–4640 µg g-1 dry matter were found in material grown near Canberra and lower ones (1060-2750 µg g-l) at Wagga Wagga, N.S.W. A small number of L. angustifolius L. lines grown under comparable conditions at both sites had 7- to 70-fold lower concentrations of manganese in their seeds than L. albus. The means for accessions and families of L. albus varied widely and continuously about the site means. High alkaloid lines had approximately two-thirds the manganese concentration of low alkaloid lines. Seeds from primary inflorescences had 6% lower manganese concentrations than those from higher order inflorescences. About one-quarter of the variation within the low alkaloid class was associated with seed yield variation, there being a negative correlation between these traits. There was no line x site interaction. Broad sense heritabilities at Canberra and Wagga Wagga were moderately high, so that selection for lower concentrations should be effective. The results suggest that selection for higher yield could be almost as effective as direct selection in reducing seed manganese concentration. The reduction should be sufficient to enable white lupin seeds, grown on soils no higher in available manganese than those used in this study at Canberra, to be safely used as a high protein supplement in pig and poultry rations. Selection for lower seed manganese should not affect seed calcium, phosphorus or protein concentrations, but would tend to increase seed yield and plant height at maturity.

PROTEIN COMPOSITION OF SEEDS OF Lupinus albus

ABSTRACTProteins were extracted from dehulled white lupine seeds. The extraction yields compare favorably with those from other legumes. Globulins were separated from albumins and were further analyzed by ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration and cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Eight fractions were resolved, all with acidic character. Their mol wt and subunit composition were established.

The isolation of O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 to 4)-D-galactose: a product of the partial acid hydrolysis of the galactan of white-lupin (Lupinus albus) seeds.

Research Article| September 01 1966 The Isolation of O-β-d-Galactopyranosyl-(1→14)-d-galactose: a Product of the Partial Acid Hydrolysis of the Galactan of White-Lupin (Lupinus albus) Seeds J. B. Hay; J. B. Hay Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar G. M. Gray G. M. Gray Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1966) 100 (3): 33C–35C. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1000033C Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation J. B. Hay, G. M. Gray; The Isolation of O-β-d-Galactopyranosyl-(1→14)-d-galactose: a Product of the Partial Acid Hydrolysis of the Galactan of White-Lupin (Lupinus albus) Seeds. Biochem J 1 September 1966; 100 (3): 33C–35C. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1000033C Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1966 The Biochemical Society1966 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.