White Light Lamp Research Articles

Rating the Colour Quality of the Solid-stateWhite Light Lamps

The colour rendering index (CRI), the flattery index (FI), the gamut area index (GAI), and the number of rendered colours (NRC) are estimated for the gamut of metameric Solid- state white light lamps based on two sets of multi-chips light emitting diodes (LED). It is shown that the manipulating on the spectral composition of multi-chips LED white light lamps without altering the visual appearance of the lighted environment makes the colour rendering indices to change. This is more evidence if the intensities of LEDs are changing for LEDs’ with the peak wavelengths in a long wave range than for LEDs’ with the peak wavelengths in a short wave range. The increase of the intensity of the red LED in the metameric LED lamps reduces CRI, FI and NRC, and enlarges GAI. There is no obvious difference between the CRI and FI and tendency of changing CRI and NRC in the metameric LED light sources. Ill. 4, bibl. 12 (in English, summaries in English, Russian and Lithuanian).

Effect of binders on airborne microorganism inactivation using TiO2 photocatalytic fluorescent lamps

5% Degussa P25 TiO2 was spray-coated onto black-light and white-light fluorescent lamps, using five different binders, namely DURAMAX B-1000, DURAMAX D-3005, silane-69, and two polyethylene glycols with molecular weight 1000 (PEG-1000) and 700 (PEG-700). The coated lamps were tested with Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, spores of Bacillus subtilis and spores of Aspergillus niger. It was found that 0.5% B-1000 and 1% PEG-1000 gave the highest inactivation rates: 93–96% from coated black-light lamps and 85–88% from coated white-light lamps for bacteria. In the case of spores, 70–72% and 55–57% inactivation rates were recorded from coated black-light and coated white-light lamps, respectively. The effects of UVA irradiance and face velocity were also examined. Significant improvement was observed from coated white-light lamps when the UVA irradiance increased. High face velocity adversely affected microorganism inactivation.

TH-C-17A-12: Integrated CBCT and Optical Tomography System On-Board a Small Animal Radiation Research Platform (SARRP)

Purpose: We present a newly developed on-board optical tomography system for SARRP. Innovative features include the compact design and fast acquisition optical method to perform 3D soft tissue radiation guidance. Because of the on-board feature and the combination of the CBCT, diffusive optical tomography (DOT), bioluminescence and fluorescence tomography (BLT and FT), this integrated system is expected to provide more accurate soft tissue guidance than an off-line system as well as highly sensitive functional imaging in preclinical research. Methods: Images are acquired in the order of CBCT, DOT and then BLT/FT, where the SARRP CBCT and DOT are used to provide the anatomical and optical properties information to enhance the subsequent BLT/FT optical reconstruction. The SARRP stage is redesigned to include 9 imbedded optical fibers in contact with the animal's skin. These fibers, connected to a white light lamp or laser, serve as the light sources for the DOT or FT, respectively. A CCD camera with f/1.4 lens and multi-spectral filter set is used as the optical detector and is mounted on a portable cart ready to dock into the SARRP. No radiation is delivered during optical image acquisition. A 3-way mirror system capable of 180 degree rotation around the animal reflects the optical signal to the camera at multiple projection angles. A special black-painted dome covers the stage and provides the light shielding. Results: Spontaneous metastatic bioluminescent liver and lung tumor models will be used to validate the 3D BLT reconstruction. To demonstrate the capability of our FT system, GastroSense750 fluorescence agent will be used to imaging the mouse stomach and intestinal region in 3D. Conclusion: We expect that this integrated CBCT and optical tomography on-board a SARRP will present new research opportunities for pre-clinical radiation research. Supported by NCI RO1-CA 158100

Water Electric Light Trap with Water Battery Energy Source as An Technology Innovation Agricultural Brown Planthopper Control

The purpose of this experiment was to determine how to make Water Electric Light Trap with Water Battery which is water as a filled of battery it self. Determine the effectiveness of Water Electric Light Trap with Water Battery to control brown planthoppers towards self-sufficiency in rice, and the benefits of Water Electric Light Trap with Water Battery as an environmentally friendly technology. The method used is the subject of experimental research study Water Electric Light Trap with Water Battery energy research object brown planthopper. The experiment begin with the setting some tools consists of the a set of the Water Battery and Water Electric Light Trap then tested in the Village area of rice fields Rejomulyo-Madiun, East Java. The results showed the Water Electric Light Trap with white light lamp is most effective in water trap with electric light energy source, chargers skillet is best to water and oil as it can trap the brown planthopper most weighing 25.7 grams

Kinetic Study for Reactive Red 84 Photo Degradation Using Iron (III) Oxide Nanoparticles in annular reactor

Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) were prepared by mixing iron(II) sulfate (FeSO4) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in aqueous solution at pH 3. Fe2O3 NPs are used to degrade Reactive Red-84 (RR-84) azo dye in a glass annular photo-reactor using a white light lamp. The presence of Fe2O3 NPs was verified by HRTEM analyses. Kinetic studies were made varying the reagents concentration and the reaction rate was controlled increasing the concentration of iron ions in comparison with H2O2. Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) kinetic model was performed to analyze heterogeneous catalytic reactions under illumination conditions. The elimination process of azo dye followed the pseudo first-order kinetic according to L-H model. The adsorption process of the azo dye on the catalytic surface was determinant for the dye photodecomposition. The linear expression of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm under darkness was further used to establish the maximum amount of dye adsorbed Qmax=0.80 ± 0.18 mg*mgcatalyst-1 and the adsorption constant kads=0.016 ± 0.004 L*mg-1. The Langmuir-Hinshelwood equilibrium constant for dye adsorption under illumination conditions was KL-H=0.03 ± 0.02 L*mg-1. This similarity with adsorption constants could depict an evidence which suggest that Fe2O3 NPs are presents in Fenton´s reaction (FeSO4/H2O2) interacting as catalysts in the degradation of organic substrates.

A Micrograting Sensor for DNA Hybridization and Antibody Human Serum Albumin–Antigen Human Serum Albumin Interaction Experiments

A biosensor structure comprising silicon nitride (Si3N4) micrograting arrays coated with a spin-on-glass (SOG) material was investigated. This grating structure was located on a silicon groove, which was etched by a deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) process. The biosensor was used as a specific detector of DNA molecules and antibody–antigen interactions. In our DNA sensing experiments, the first step was the activation of the grating surface with amine functional groups, followed by attachment of a 23-base oligonucleotide probe layer for hybridization with a complementary target DNA. The sensing device was tested for detecting specific antigen/antibody interactions for human serum albumin (HSA) and antigen bovine serum albumin (BSA). The readout system consisted of a white light lamp that illuminated a small spot on the grating surface at normal incidence through a fiber optic probe with a spectrometer used to collect the reflected light through a second fiber. We show that these sensing devices have the capability to detect DNA as well as antigen–antibody binding for HSA. The detection sensitivity for HSA was better than that for DNA mainly owing to the larger size and concomitant refractive index changes upon binding to the sensor. We show that it is possible to quantify the amount of biomolecules bound to the grating surface by measuring the wavelength shift of the reflectance spectra upon exposure to the samples.

Neuroprotective Effect of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Transplantation in a Long-Term Model of Periventricular Leukomalacia

Perinatal white matter injury, or periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), is the most common cause of brain injury in premature infants and is the leading cause of cerebral palsy. Despite increasing numbers of surviving extreme premature infants and associated long-term neurological morbidity, our understanding and treatment of PVL remains incomplete. Inflammation- or ischemia/hypoxia-based rodent models, although immensely valuable, are largely restricted to reproducing short-term features of up to 3 weeks after injury. Given the long-term sequelae of PVL, there is a need for subchronic models that will enable testing of putative neuroprotective therapies. Here, we report long term characterization of a neonatal inflammation-induced rat model of PVL. We show bilateral ventriculomegaly, inflammation, reactive astrogliosis, injury to pre-oligodendrocytes, and neuronal loss 8 weeks after injury. We demonstrate neuroprotective effects of oligodendrocyte precursor cell transplantation. Our findings present a subchronic model of PVL and highlight the tissue protective effects of oligodendrocyte precursor cell transplants that demonstrate the potential of cell-based therapy for PVL.

Comparison of methodologies for conidia production by Alternaria alternata from citrus.

Conidia production is a problem in the study of Alternaria alternata from citrus. Thus, this study aimed to compare existing methodologies for conidial production of A. alternata isolated from Ponkan tangerine (2 isolates), Cravo lemon (1 isolate), Pêra orange (2 isolates) and Murcott tangor (1 isolate). The methodologies used were conidia production with 12 and 24 hours under white fluorescent light, evaluation with 24 and 48 hours after applying fungal mycelium stress technique, cold stress followed by injury of mycelium and evaluation with 24 hours, using healthy vegetable tissue and the use of black fluorescent near ultraviolet (NUV) lamp. Satisfactory result was obtained with A. alternata isolate from Murcott tangor, with the production of 2.8 × 105 conidia mL-1, when fungal mycelium was stressed (Petri dish with 66.66% of fungi growth) and subsequently 24 h of growth. The use of white light (24 h) and black fluorescent NUV lamp also induced expressive conidia production by one isolate of Ponkan tangerine, which produced 17.2 × 105 and 10.1 × 105conidia mL-1 and another of Murcott tangor, which produced 13.9 × 105 and 10.1 × 105 conidia mL-1, respectively. The remaining methodologies analyzed in this study were not able to induce conidia production in satisfactory quantity. The use of both mycelium stress technique and white light (24 h) and black fluorescent NUV lamp allowed the production of enough quantities of conidia to be used in vitro (detection of fungitoxic substances) and in vivo (pathogenicity test) assays, respectively.

Effects of light spectrum on growth and stress response of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss reared under recirculating system conditions

Fish growth and physiology may be affected by light spectrum, which can be easily manipulated in indoor aquaculture facilities, and especially recirculating water systems, with little cost. Since data related to light spectrum and widely reared fish are still few, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of coloured light on growth performance and stress response to confinement of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Fish (145.3±1.5g) were reared under white (full spectrum, fluorescent lamps), red (605nm) and blue (480nm) light (lamps covered with appropriate filters) for 111 days under recirculating water systems (150lx, 12L–12D). At the end of the experimental period and for each light treatment, fish were either subjected for 1h to confinement stress or remained undisturbed (control groups). Total length of the fish reared under red light was greater than that of the other regimes, whereas other growth parameters showed a similar trend but were not significantly different from one another. Carcass proximate composition was not affected by light spectrum. Fish exposed to confinement showed typical primary (high cortisol) and secondary (high glucose and haematocrit, liver lipid mobilization, osmotic and ionic disturbances, blood acidosis, etc.) stress responses. Nevertheless, in fish reared under blue light, stress-induced cortisol increase was lower and liver lipids mobilization was absent compared with white light (significant interaction). Present results indicate that if stressors are kept to a minimum then red light could be suggested for the intensive rearing of rainbow trout.

Effects of light spectrum on growth and physiological status of gilthead seabream Sparus aurata and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss reared under recirculating system conditions

Previously reported data clearly indicate that depending on species, ambient light spectrum can affect fish growth, physiology, behaviour, reproduction, etc. Since light spectrum can be easily controlled in intensive indoor fish farming facilities, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of coloured light on growth performance (body weight, growth rate, food utilization, carcass composition, etc.) and physiological status (blood and plasma parameters, brain neurotransmitters, tissue fatty acid composition, etc.) of two widely reared fish species, gilthead seabream Sparus aurata and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. For this purpose, 240 specimens of S. aurata (29.8 ± 0.13 g) and 60 specimens of O. mykiss (71.4 ± 0.30 g) were exposed to white (full-spectrum, fluorescent lamps), red (605 nm) and blue (480 nm) light (lamps covered with appropriate filters) for 11 weeks under recirculating water systems. Blue light had a significantly negative impact on O. mykiss growth performance accompanied with reduced liver total lipids and plasma glucose and increased brain serotonergic and dopaminergic activity. In the case of S. aurata, red light significantly increased brain dopaminergic activity, while a tendency towards reduced growth was also observed. Since these results indicated the establishment of stressful conditions, O. mykiss and S. aurata should not be reared under blue and red light, respectively. For each species, the effect of the remaining light colours tested, was not clearly differentiated so that an appropriate light spectrum for the most efficient farming of O. mykiss and S. aurata could not be suggested, at least for the time period examined. Nevertheless, present results suggest that light colour should be regarded as a rearing factor worth to be further investigated, especially when recirculating systems are concerned.

Optimal spectral reshaping for resolution improvement in optical coherence tomography

We analyze the resolution limit that can be achieved by means of spectral reshaping in optical coherence tomography images and demonstrate that the resolution can be improved by means of modelessly reshaping the source spectrum in postprocessing. We show that the optimal spectrum has a priori surprising "crater-like" shape, providing 0.74 micron axial resolution in free space. This represents ~50% improvement compared to resolution using the original spectrum of a white light lamp.

Materials and systems for efficient lighting and delivery of daylight

Materials advances which enable improved lighting and daylighting performance in terms of luminous efficacy (energy efficient lighting), visual comfort and colour management are reviewed. Spectral and angular selective glazing, energy efficient translucent polymers, light piping and complete colour mixing of discrete sources are covered. The underlying science is given along with descriptions for key examples which include solar control windows utilising nanoparticles, diffusers of clear polymer doped with clear polymer for lamps and skylights, solid flexible light guides with controlled continuous emission, luminescent solar collectors coupled to light pipes for daylighting provision to any interior spaces, and uniform high efficacy white light lamps using three colour LED arrays. Greater use of daylight and of PV powered lighting is enabled by these advances which are all affordable, along with exciting new aesthetic, safety, display and artistic possibilities.

Projection of Electro-Holographic 3D Images into Space Using White Light Lamp

Projection of Electro-Holographic 3D Images into Space Using White Light Lamp

Colorimetric resonant reflection as a direct biochemical assay technique

A novel approach for the detection of molecular interactions is presented in which a colorimetric resonant diffractive grating surface is used as a surface binding platform. A guided mode resonant phenomenon is used to produce an optical structure that, when illuminated with white light, is designed to reflect only a single wavelength. When molecules are attached to the surface, the reflected wavelength (color) is shifted due to the change of the optical path of light that is coupled into the grating. By linking receptor molecules to the grating surface, complementary binding molecules can be detected without the use of any kind of fluorescent probe or particle label. The detection technique is capable of resolving changes of ∼0.1 nm thickness of protein binding, and can be performed with the grating surface either immersed in fluid or dried. The readout system consists of a white light lamp that illuminates a small spot of the grating at normal incidence through a fiber optic probe, and a spectrometer that collects the reflected light through a second fiber, also at normal incidence. A single spectrometer reading is performed in several milliseconds, thus it is possible to quickly measure a large number of molecular interactions taking place in parallel upon a grating surface, and to monitor reaction kinetics in real time. It is expected that this technology will be most useful in applications where large numbers of biomolecular interactions are measured in parallel, particularly when molecular labels will alter or inhibit the functionality of the molecules under study. High throughput screening of pharmaceutical compound libraries with protein targets, and microarray screening of protein–protein interactions for proteomics are examples of applications that require the sensitivity and throughput afforded by this approach. In this paper, we describe the theory behind the sensor, the sensor fabrication approach, and measured sensor performance using example assays.

分光特性の異なるランプでの長日処理がブドウ「ピオーネ」の新梢生長に及ぼす影響

The effect of long-day treatment with five lamps of different spectral characteristics on shoot growth of one-year-old own-rooted 'Pione' grapevines was investigated. Photon flux density (PFD) in each wavelength of physiologically active radiation (300-800 nm), red light (R, 600-700 nm), and far-red light (FR, 700-800 nm) emitted from the following five lamps : silica, blue-light, white-light, homolux (for plant growing) and red-light were determined. All lamps were lit just before sunset and daylength was prolonged to 16 hr for 11 weeks as from mid- August. Shoot elongation, number of nodes and leaf area per shoot, were significantly larger in vines exposed to lamps of homolux, red-light and silica as compared to the control vines, which were grown under natural daylength. Shoot growth of vines exposed to the white-light lamp was intermediate between those exposed to homolux and natural daylength, whereas in vines exposed to the blue-light lamp grew almost as well as the control vines. PFD (μmol·m-2·s-1) within the wavelength of red light of homolux, red-light and silica lamps were 0.157, 0.506 and 0.703, respectively. Nevertheless, these 3 lamps promoted shoot growth. PFD of red light emitted from the white-light and homolux lamps was almost the same, but white-light lamp had no peak at 660nm. R/FR (600-700 nm/700-800 nm) photon flux ratios also differed among the lamps, ranging from 0.50 to 19.46. Based on the results, the relationship between shoot growth of grapevines and spectral characteristics of each lamp is discussed in Japanese.

Real-time white light pseudocolor density encoder

A simple method for pseudocolor encoding of gray level information is proposed. It is based on the real-time addition of the positive and negative images of an object transparency, each one obtained in a different color. Conventional white light lamps with adequate color filters are used. Some experimental results are shown.