White Hybrid Research Articles

Desarrollo productivo y cualitativo de maíz híbrido para ensilaje.

The experiment was carried out at the ExperimentalStation “Alfredo Volio Mata” of the University ofCosta Rica. It is located to an altitude of 1542 m. We evaluatedgrowth and quality of the white corn hybrid 3002 W(Pioneer) recommended for the high elevation areas of theprovince of Cartago, Costa Rica. Dry matter yield per hectare,dry matter content, crude protein, ashes, neutral detergentfiber and its fractions as well as digestible energy were determinedfrom 70 to 154 days of growth. Corn ears started toappear at day 84. Crude protein and digestible energy werehigh until day 84 (>12% CP and >2,8 Mcal DE/kg DM) andbecame lower after day 112 (> 9% CP and >2,3 Mcal DE/kgDM), with less than 15% dry matter which is not recommendedfor ensiling. At 126 days of growth it yielded 17,9 t ofdry matter per hectare with 20% dry matter content, 7,9%crude protein, 2,2 Mcal ED/kg DM, 76% neutral detergent fiberand 4,8% lignin.

A novel white-luminescent ternary europium hybrids with phenanthroline functionalized periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) and 2-methyl-9-hydroxyphenalenone

Abstract The molecular linkage (phenSi) is modified from 5-amino-1,10-phenanthroline (phenNH 2 ) by 3-(triethoxysilyl)-propyl isocyanate (TESPIC). Then phenNH 2 functionalized periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) hybrids are synthesized by linking ternary europium complexes with phenSi linkage and 2-methyl-9-hydroxyphenalenone (MHPO), which use co-condensation method in the presence of Pluronic P123 surfactant as a template. The europium PMO hybrid system (denoted as Eu(MHPO) 3 phen-PMO(NO 3 ) 3 ) has been characterized in detail, whose results reveal that these hybrids have uniformity in the mesopore structure. It is worthy pointing out that the europium hybrids show emission of both europium ion and phen functionalized PMOs, which can be integrated into the close white luminescence. This provides us a strategy to obtain white emissive lanthanide hybrids.

Pricing variance swaps under a stochastic interest rate and volatility model with regime-switching

In this paper, we investigate the pricing of variance swaps under a Markovian regime-switching extension of the Schöbel–Zhu–Hull–White hybrid model. The parameters of this model, including the mean-reversion levels and the volatility rates of both stochastic interest rate and volatility, switch over time according to a continuous-time, finite-state, observable Markov chain. By utilizing techniques of measure changes, we separate the interest rate risk from the volatility risk. The prices of variance swaps and related fair strike values are represented in integral forms. We illustrate the practical implementation of the model by providing a numerical analysis in a two-state Markov chain case, which shows that the effect of both stochastic interest rate and regime-switching is significant in the pricing of variance swaps.

Efficient simultaneous emission from RGB-emitting organoboron dyes incorporated into organic–inorganic hybrids and preparation of white light-emitting materials

In order to investigate dye-dispersion behaviors in organic–inorganic hybrids, we incorporated RGB light-emitting organoboron dyes (1,3-diketonate BF2 complex, borondipyrromethene (BODIPY), and boron di(iso)indomethene as blue, green and red light-emitting dyes, respectively) into poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacylate) (PHEMA)–silica hybrids prepared by the microwave-assisted technique. Photoluminescence spectra of two dyes in various concentrations and Stern–Volmer plots indicate that the energy transfer efficiencies between the dyes in the hybrids were lower than that in the solution state, resulting from the suppression of concentration-quenching. Furthermore, we demonstrate the color tuning for preparing white light-emitting hybrids based on simultaneous RGB light-emission of the organoboron dyes. Finally, pure white light-emitting hybrids were obtained by the microwave-assisted in situ method.

Heterosis and Character Association for Grain Yield and its Component Traits in Single Cross Maize Hybrids under Mid Hills of Jammu and Kashmir, India

Nine single cross maize hybrids alongwith two commercial hybrid checks were assessed for standard heterosis, heritability and character association among various traits. Three white grain hybrids viz., JPMH-2, JPMH-7 and JPMH-9 manifested 38.74, 37.63 and 31.86 per cent significant grain yield superiority over white hybrid check Kanchan-612. The grain yield per plant had positive and significant correlation with days to 50% pollen shed, days to 50 per cent silking and cobs per plant at genotypic level. All the traits exerted positive direct effects on grain yield per plant except days to 50 per cent pollen shed, ear height and stem girth. The plant height and ear height had comparatively higher genotypic and phenotypic variability whereas days to 50 per cent pollen shed, days to 50 per cent silking and ear height comparatively expressed higher broad sense heritability. Grain yield per plant showed comparatively higher genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variability and good broad sense heritability followed by cobs/plant for indirect improvement of grain yield. The hybrids JPMH-2, JPMH-7 and JPMH-9 were found promising maize hybrids which need further testing for ascertaining their sustainable yields over locations.

Productive Response of Duroc x Large White and Commercial Hybrid x Large White Crosses Fed High and Low Protein Diets

Thirty five Duroc x Large White (DUxLW) and 43 Commercial Hybrid x Large White (CHxLW) were fed two diets differing for the content of crude protein (CP), with the aim to evaluate the effects of these diets on growth, carcass and thigh traits. Pigs were allotted to two groups and fed high protein (HP) and low protein (LP) diet. Within each dietary group, 3 diets were formulated, for the initial phase of growth (from 79 to 112 days, 17.3% and 15.4% CP as fed basis for the HP and LP diet, respectively), for the intermediated phase of growth (from 113 to 196 days, 15.1% and 13.7% CP as fed basis for the HP and LP diet, respectively) and for the finishing period (from 197 to 272 days, 13.4% and 11.4% CP as fed basis for the HP and LP diet, respectively). HP diets were supplemented with Lysine, LP were supplemented also with Methionine and Threonine. Pigs were slaughtered at nine months of age. Body weight (BW), average daily gain, total feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not affected by diet. Carcass weight, thigh weight, backfat and lean thickness and lean percentage (Fat-O-Meater, FOM) were not affected by dietary treatments, whilst backfat thickness and FOM were significantly higher (P<0.01) in DUxLW and CHxLW pigs genotype respectively. A reduction of about 15% (12% to 17%) of the dietary CP recommended by nutritional requirements does not affect the main productive performances and carcass characteristics of pigs slaughtered at around 160 kg of BW.

Forraje y grano de híbridos de maíz amarillos para valles altos de México.

In this work the objective was to determine the productivity of grain and forage of five yellow three-way hybrids compared to white hybrids developed by FESC-UNAM and INIFAP, and the commercial hybrid Buho from Asgrow. Three experiments were planted during 2009; two in CEVAMEX for evaluating grain yield and the other in the FESC-UNAM for evaluating forage production. For yield, the combined analysis detected highly significant differences for hybrids, hybrid trials and interaction x trials (P≤0.01). The coefficient of variation was 17.7 per cent and the overall average of 7,113 kg/ha. The white hybrids Puma 1167 and Puma 1163 had the best grain yielding 9,549 kg/ ha and 8748 kg/ha, respectively. In contrast, the yellow hybrids had a similar performance shown in previous years and represent 136.0% and 112.4% with respect to H-48. The experiment to evaluate forage was planted with a density of 70,000 plants/ha. Puma 1163 and Buho had better forage production (P≤0.05) than the other hybrids evaluated. Hybrid Puma 1163 presented good yields of grain, green forage and dry matter by what could be used in dual purpose, grain and forage production.

Análisis de estabilidad de híbridos experimentales de maíz con alta calidad de proteína en Costa Rica.

The objective of this work was determine the adaptation of experimental maize hybrids in Costa Rica. Twenty four white grain experimental hybrids were evaluated in agroecological conditions of humid tropical forest during 2009-2011, at Concepción, Guagaral, Chánguena, El Águila, Veracruz, Los Chiles and Upala with temperatures between 26 and 35°C and rainfall between 2700-3200 mm, in order to evaluate its performance, yield and adaptation to major abiotic and biotic conditions. Trials were established in twelve locations using an alpha lattice design with three replications. The hybrids were evaluated in two planting cycles per location per year. The results of the combined analysis indicated significant differences between genotypes at 0.05, and AMMI-biplot graphs showed that the more stable materials were: CLQRCWQ121/ CLQRCWQ122)//CML491 (QPM); CML494/CML495 (Normal); (CLQRCWQ121/CLQRCWQ26)//CML491 (QPM); (CLQRCWQ121/CML502)//CML491 (QPM) with average yields of 9.3, 9.0, 8.7 and 8.8 t/ha, respectively. The locations where yield was higher were Guagaral and El Águila with 9.8 and 8.5 t/ha, respectively. As for the interaction of locations and genotypes, AMMI-biplots showed that locations Guagaral and El Águila offered more favorable growing conditions for the expression of the potential of the hybrids evaluated. Meanwhile, Veracruz and Concepción had less favorable growing conditions for the performance of the materials. AMMI analysis showed that PCA1 explains significantly genotype x environment interaction with a value of 62.1% in the test Gollob.

Seromuscular Grafts for Bladder Reconstruction: Extra-luminal Demucosalisation of the Bowel

ObjectiveTo develop a robust sterile, fully demucosalized and vascularized seromuscular patch for use as an adjunct to novel bioengineering techniques aimed at augmenting, reconstructing, or replacing the bladder because of endstage disease. To eliminate deep colonic epithelial crypts to prevent the possibility of colonocyte regrowth. To maintain sterility by excluding the possibility of contamination from the bowel contents.MethodsPilot studies were performed on euthanized pigs to optimize the technique, with tissue samples examined by immunohistochemistry. In vivo, vascularized seromuscular colonic flaps were created from the bowel exterior in 7 large white hybrid pigs. The dissection was facilitated by placing an inflated Foley catheter within the colonic lumen. The seromuscular ends were approximated with 5/0 Vicryl sutures and excess mucosa intussuscepted within the lumen. Demucosalized flaps were used to augment the bladder by composite cystoplasty and were examined immunohistochemically at 3 months.ResultsPilot studies showed that the technique was successful in creating seromuscular segments with no epithelial remnants. When applied surgically, the seromuscular flaps survived and showed no evidence of colonocyte regrowth at 3 months.ConclusionExtraluminal dissection creates robust seromuscular flaps and prevents both regrowth by colonic epithelial cells and contamination of the tissue by exposure to the bowel contents. This technique should find application in a range of bladder reconstruction techniques, including composite cystoplasty and autoaugmentation.

White Hybrid Light-Emitting Devices Based on the Emission of Thermal Annealed Ternary CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots

We report on a white hybrid light-emitting device employing a mixture of ternary CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) as an emitting layer (EML) and a small molecular material tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) as an electron-transporting layer. The film morphology of the spin-coated mixture of QDs is strongly improved via thermal annealing, and therefore a close-packed QD-EML is realized between organic charge-transporting layers. As a result, compared to the device with an unannealed QD-EML, the emission of Alq3 is deeply suppressed. In addition, a maximum luminance of more than 1000 cd/m2 and a maximum luminous efficiency of 2.2 cd/A are achieved.

Yield and morpho-agronomical evaluation of food-grade white sorghum hybrids grown in Southern Italy

Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a gluten-free grain that is gaining attention as a food crop that can be used in the management of celiac disease. At present, sorghum is widely grown in many semiarid regions of the world. New food-grade sorghum cultivars are of particular interest in Mediterranean countries due to improved quality characteristics and gluten-free status of the grains. Until now very few studies have examined the grain yield (GYLD) and agronomic performance characteristics of food-grade sorghum hybrids in Italy. A 2 year study was conducted to evaluate the agronomic performance of eight food-grade sorghum hybrids representing different maturity classes in trials conducted in Southern Italy. The results showed wide variation in adaptation of these hybrids as measured by differences in GYLD (2.35–8.50 t ha−1) and other pheno-morphological characteristics. Of particular interest was the fact that many of the early-flowering hybrids (e.g. SP-X303) performed better than the later-flowering hybrids (e.g. ArchX-02). These results demonstrated that flowering time of hybrid and crop cycle length are important factors to consider in selecting cultivars for production in the Mediterranean region.

Disarticulation sequences and scattering patterns in temperate southeastern Australia

The effects of scavenging vertebrates and invertebrates on the processes of carcase disarticulation and skeletal scattering have been limited methodologically. This pilot study used controlled animal model research over three months during late autumn/early winter in temperate southeastern Australia to generate disarticulation sequences and skeletal scattering patterns. Four Sus scrofa (White hybrid) placed on the natural ground surface outdoors were subjected to two treatments, caged for two weeks and uncaged for the experimental phase, and observed as they decomposed, disarticulated and scattered. There was a similar disarticulation sequence among the four carcases, regardless of treatments. Ribs, cervical and thoracic vertebrae and the cranium disarticulated early in the sequence, while the forelimbs, hind-limbs, rump and lumbar vertebrae disarticulated later. The scattered skeletal material consisted mostly of back/chest elements. It is concluded that the differing disarticulation sequences between this study and published accounts is related to the effects of the invertebrates both on the scavenging behaviour of vertebrates and the process of disarticulation. The implications for forensic investigations involving scavenged remains include the ability to improve search and relocation methods, time-since-death estimation and a greater understanding of the processes occurring after death.

Ergosterol as an indicator of mold resistance in white and colored grain sorghum hybrids

Grain mold is a serious disease of sorghum causing both qualitative and quantitative losses in grain production. There has been a drastic reduction in area and production in India due to the lack of resistant varieties to manage the disease. Genetic improvement for mold resistance has been suggested as a sole criterion for reducing losses associated with grain mold and several morphological and biochemical traits have been employed to aid screening for resistance. However, there is always a bias with visual scoring systems to rate disease severity; thus, ergosterol and flavan-4-ols content within the grain was evaluated as selection criteria. Twenty-five hybrids were selected based on their visual rating for grain mold resistance and grain color from replicated trials at two locations in India during 2004 and 2005 rainy seasons and grouped into colored resistant, white resistant, colored susceptible and white susceptible. The field grade score (FGS) and threshed grade score (TGS) were strongly and positively correlated with ergosterol content and weakly and negatively correlated with flavan-4-ols. Though the resistant hybrids had higher concentration of flavan-4-ols in methanol and acidified methanol extract compared to the susceptible hybrids, the white grained hybrids had negligible amounts indicating flavan-4-ols concentration is not a suitable selection criterion especially in white grained hybrids. The ergosterol content was higher in susceptible hybrids (19.49μg/g) compared to resistant hybrids (9.96μg/g) and it was marginally less in red hybrids (14.0μg/g) compared to white (17.2μg/g) hybrids. The highly significant correlation of ergosterol content with germination percentage, FGS and TGS validates the use of this trait for identification of grain mold resistant genotypes provided there is no delay in the estimation. Also the significant heterosis obtained for this trait indicates the existence of dominance gene action and suggests that further exploitation of this trait would benefit the development of grain mold resistant hybrids.

Corn Hybrids and Planting Dates Affect Yield Losses by Helicoverpa zea and Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Feeding on Ears in Mexico

Abstract The effect of hybrid and planting date on yield losses by the corn ear insects Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) was determined in northeastern Mexico, from 2006 - 2009. Eight corn hybrids (white and yellow) were planted each year during early January, February and March. Regardless of year, hybrid, or planting date, the most abundant ear insect was H. zea (61 - 99%). Yield losses varied greatly according to year, hybrid and planting date, with a maximum of 596 kg/ha, equivalent to 10.6% of total yield. Regarding planting dates, yield losses were lower in February, greater in March, and intermediate in January, probably attributed to host plant availability for ear insects in the region. An average of 74% greater yield loss was observed in yellow hybrids as compared with white hybrids for all planting dates, probably because of a differential grain hardness and husk wrap. According to current local value of corn grain and cost of insecticide and aerial application, i...

First Report of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 in a Hybrid Grape 'Vidal Blanc' in Missouri.

Grapevine leaf roll disease (GLRD) is one of the most prevalent viral diseases in vineyards worldwide. At least 10 Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaV-1 to -7, and -9, -10, and -11) are associated with GLRD. GLRaV-2 has a number of distinct isolates that are associated not only with GLRD, but also with graft incompatibility, young vine decline, and rootstock stem lesions. In the United States, GLRaV-2 isolates have been reported in the states of California (4), New York (1), Oregon, and Washington (3). A survey of grapevine viruses was conducted on seven grape cultivars, Norton, Chambourcin, Chardonel, Vignoles, Vidal Blanc, Traminette, and Cayuga White, in a vineyard located at Mountain Grove, MO during the falls of 2009 and 2010 and late summer of 2011. Vines from each cultivar were assigned into three blocks. From each block, six individual vines were randomly selected. Phloem scrapings were collected for detecting viruses by ELISA and reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR. To test for GLRaV-2, a set of primers, GLRaV-2-Forward (5'-GGTGATAACCGACGCCTCTA, nt 6745 to 6764) and GLRaV-2-Reverse (5'-CCTAGCTGACGCAGATTGCT, nt 7268 to 7287), were designed from the coat protein coding region as reported previously (2). GRLaV-2 was detected only in the samples of 'Vidal Blanc'. The detection of GLRaV-2 was further verified by ELISA using GRLaV-2-specific antisera (Bioreba AG, Reinach, Switzerland). The GLRaV-2-infected 'Vidal Blanc' vines did not exhibit visible symptoms. The RT-PCR amplified 543-bp cDNA fragments were isolated from agarose gel and cloned into the pCR2.1 vector (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). Plasmid DNA was purified from three individual clones and sequenced from both directions. Comparison of the 543-bp sequences showed that the sequences shared 99% nt identity with the corresponding regions of 21 GLRaV-2 isolates, including PMC-083 isolate from Croatia (GenBank Accession No. HM185277), LN isolate from China (GenBank No. FJ786017), SE isolate from Brazil (GenBank No. EU204909), and four isolates from Washington (GenBank Nos. EU760836, 760838, 760843, and 760848). 'Vidal Blanc' is a white interspecific hybrid grape. Absence of visible symptoms on this cultivar emphasizes the importance of planting certified grapevines that have been indexed for viruses. Discovery of GLRaV-2 in asymptomatic white grape cultivars will warn growers on the potential damages and epidemics of GLRD in Midwest vineyards and promote planting clean grapevines. To our knowledge, this is the first report of GLRaV-2 in grapevines in Missouri.

Extension of stochastic volatility equity models with the Hull–White interest rate process

We present an extension of stochastic volatility equity models by a stochastic Hull–White interest rate component while assuming non-zero correlations between the underlying processes. We place these systems of stochastic differential equations in the class of affine jump-diffusion–linear quadratic jump-diffusion processes so that the pricing of European products can be efficiently performed within the Fourier cosine expansion pricing framework. We compare the new stochastic volatility Schöbel–Zhu–Hull–White hybrid model with a Heston–Hull–White model, and also apply the models to price hybrid structured derivatives that combine the equity and interest rate asset classes.

Relationships Between Simple Grain Quality Parameters for the Estimation of Sorghum and Maize Hardness in Commercial Hybrid Cultivars

ABSTRACTGrain hardness affects sorghum and maize processing properties especially for dry milling. A variety of simple grain quality parameters were assessed on 17 sorghum and 35 white maize hybrid cultivars grown in six and four locations, respectively, in South Africa. The purpose was to determine tests that can be used to distinguish hardness in commercial sorghum and maize. The grains were characterized by test weight (TW), thousand kernel weight (TKW), decortication with the tangential abrasive dehulling device (TADD), and kernel size. Maize was also characterized for susceptibility to breakage, stress cracking, and near‐infrared transmittance (NIT) milling index. Principal component analysis showed that, in nontannin and tannin sorghums, TADD hardness and TW were closely correlated (P &lt; 0.001). In maize, TADD hardness was closely correlated (P &lt; 0.001) with NIT milling index and TW. Hence, TADD hardness and NIT milling index or TADD hardness and TW would be suitable for maize hardness evaluation. A combination of TADD hardness, TW, TKW, and kernel size &gt;3.35 mm can be used together to select sorghum grain for hardness. It thus appears that TADD hardness is an excellent method of estimating both sorghum and maize hardness that can be applied for routine batch analysis and cultivar evaluation.

Comparative Study Concerning the Fattening Performances and Carcass Traits between Norwegian White x Turcana Young Hybrids and Turcana Young Sheep

The results of a fattening experiment developed during two successive years, for a period of 79 days for each year of the experimental period (2008, 2009) was performed on Norwegian White x Turcana and Turcana male young sheep. Both hybrids and Turcana pure breed young sheep were maintained in the same conditions, received the same food, and benefit of the same microclimate factors, during entire fattening interval. The hybrid Norwegian White x Turcana young sheep recorded superior average values in the beginning and in the end of the fattening interval, with 1.72 kg (p>0.05) and 3.94 kg (p<0.05), respectively, compared to Turcana young sheep. Statistical very significant differences (p<0.001) between both breed structures (2.21 kg and 28.42 g) were recorded in total gain and average daily gain during fattening interval. The statistically significant and distinct significant differences between Norwegian White x Turcana hybrids and Turcana young sheep are also recorded in warm and cold carcass weight, gigot weight, cutlet weight. Student test was used for testing the significance of differences.

Quantitative description of charge-carrier transport in a white organic light-emitting diode

We present a simulation model for the analysis of charge-carrier transport in organic thin-film devices, and apply it to a three-color white hybrid organic light-emitting diode (OLED) with fluorescent blue and phosphorescent red and green emission. We simulate a series of single-carrier devices, which reconstruct the OLED layer sequence step by step. Thereby, we determine the energy profiles for hole and electron transport, show how to discern bulk from interface limitation, and identify trap states.

PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CORN KERNELS

The present study aimed to determine and recognize the physical ans mechanical properties as an important role in designing and developing of specific machines and their operations such as planting, harvesting and grading, Physical characteristics of corn kernels were obtained of two varieties: White Dent Corn single hybrid 10 (Corn 10), and yellow Dent Corn single hybrid 162,(Corn 162).For each of the physical characteristics, corn 10 gave the highest values comparing with corn 162. For each of the material surfaces, the galvanized surface gave the lowest static coefficient of friction (0.531 , 0.459)for corn 10 , corn 162 respectively; and for the same group, the plywood surface gave the highest value (0.624 , 0.586) for the two varieties respectively. For the painted surfaces, the oven - baked enamel processed paint gave the lowest values (0.48, 0.5) for the two varieties comparing with Polish paint, Mutt paint, and untreated mild - steel surfaces which gave (0.828, 0.72 – 0.72, 0.71 – 0.572, 0.549) respectively.