White Hair Research Articles

Dermatological adverse effects of hair dye use: A narrative review.

Hair dyeing is a popular practice dating back to ancient Egyptian times. Initially, hair dye use was restricted to concealing grey and white hairs of the elderly population. However, in recent times, its use is common among the younger generation as a fashion statement. Hair dye contact dermatitis is a common dermatological condition encountered by dermatologists. It is a delayed type of hypersensitivity reaction that commonly affects the scalp and the vicinity of hair line and neck. Para-phenylenediamine (PPD), a synthetic aromatic amine is the most common allergen specifically implicated in hair dye contact dermatitis. Para-phenylenediamine was announced as the allergen of the year in 2006 by the American Contact Dermatitis Society. Contact allergy to para-phenylenediamine can occur in 0.1-2.3% of the general population. Epicutaneous patch testing is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of hair dye contact dermatitis. However, para-phenylenediamine carries a risk of cross-sensitivity and co-sensitization to other allergens. Apart from contact dermatitis, hair dye use is also associated with various other cutaneous adverse effects such as pigmentary changes, hair loss, skin malignancies and autoimmune disorders. Due to the various adverse effects associated with hair dye use, it is prudent to look for safer alternatives to allergenic hair dyes. In this article, we review the epidemiology, cutaneous and systemic adverse effects associated with hair dye use, patch testing, preventive strategies to minimize the risk of hair dye contact dermatitis, and treatment aspects.

Halo Nevi After Covid-19 Vaccination: Molecular Mimicry Attributed Cutaneous Side-Effect?

Covid-19 vaccination is a crucial component of the public health response to reduce the spread of Covid-19. Although well-tolerated, Covid-19 vaccination is associated with several cutaneous adverse reactions. Here, we document a case of a young man who developed numerous halo nevi at sites of pre-existing nevi following Covid-19 vaccination. Our patient is a 21-year-old male who presented to clinic after noticing a recent change in his moles. Three months after receiving the Johnson & Johnson (J&J) Covid-19 vaccine, the patient reported that he developed a ring of “vitiligo” surrounding each of his existing moles. He also received the Moderna Covid-19 booster 8 months after receiving the J&J vaccine and contracted Covid-19 two months later, with no additional change in his moles. The patient was otherwise well with no past medical or family medical history of skin cancer. On examination, the patient was found to have numerous halo nevi that had developed at sites of pre-existing nevi and were distributed over his face, neck, trunk, and extremities. Examination of his scalp revealed patches of white hair, underneath which were additional halo nevi. The development of vitiligo in the setting of Covid-19 vaccination is thought to be related to the activation of autoimmunity. Autoimmunity secondary to Covid-19 vaccination may be the cause of this patient’s halo nevi, given the patient’s age and absence of any systemic symptoms.

Alopesia Areata Dengan Pengobatan Triamcinolone Acetonide

Alopecia areata (AA) is a condition characterized by sudden local hair loss without signs of skin inflammation or scarring. Data regarding the incidence of alopecia areata in Indonesia is still scanty, a retrospective study at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta showed that the diagnosis of alopecia areata was the most common type of baldness in skin and genital polyclinics from 2009-2011 (39.7%). This case report was obtained from primary data through history taking, physical examination and supporting examination. The patient came with complaints of baldness on the scalp that occasionally itch. Another complaint is the growth of grey hair in areas that are bald and break easily. Experienced baldness appeared for the first time 3 months ago. On examination of the dermatological status, efflorescence of bald patches was clearly demarcated, on almost the entire scalp with the largest lesion on the right temporal and on the edge of the baldness growing white hairs that were easily broken. The location of the capitis region, the size varies (lenticular, numular, plaque), round / oval shape with regional distribution. On investigation, scalp scrapings with 10% KOH did not reveal hyphae and spores, anti-HIV and non-reactive VDRL, routine blood examinations revealed leukocytosis. Patients were treated with intralesional corticosteroids, topical corticosteroids and minoxidil according to the alopecia areata treatment algorithm.

A Geriatrician’s Perspective on an Aging Joe Biden

A Geriatrician’s Perspective on an Aging Joe Biden

LAPORAN KASUS: FELINE CALICIVIRUS PADA KUCING SAPI DI KLINIK K AND P

Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a highly contagious and pathogenic viral disease with widespread transmission in the cat population. A cat named Sapi with black and white hair color, weighs 1.94 Kg, male sex, and is 9 months old. On December 1, 2022, the Sapi’s cat came to the clinic in a weak and unsteady condition, had not defecated, still wanted to drink, had normal urination, had eye discharge. Investigations with the FCV test kit showed positive results for the FCV virus. Hematological examination showed that Sapi’s cat had leukocytosis, granulocytosis and lymphocytosis. Sapi were given normal saline and neurobion drip intravenously, injection of Cefotaxime 0.2 ml q12h antibiotics, Glucortin injections 0.25 ml q24h, Vitol injections 1 ml q24h, Calcidex injections 0.2 ml q12h, Biodin injections 0.2 ml , oral therapy of Fibumin 1 capsule q12h, Transfer factor 1 capsule q12h, Oxyfresh water additive 0.5 ml q12h, serum eye drops q12h, cendo hyalub q12h and Bio ion spray for ear scabs.
 Keywords: Feline Calicivirus, Cats, FCV Test Kit

Urolithiasis pada Kucing Snow di K and P Clinic Surabaya

Urolithiasis is a disorder in the form of crystals or stones in the urinary tract such as the urinary bladder that occurs in both male and female animals. The condition of the formation of calculi due to supersaturation in urine consisting of one or several types of minerals. A case of urolithiasis in a Persian cat named Snow, female, 40 months old, 3.76 Kg, solid white hair color, came to the K and P Clinic and a physical examination was performed by palpation of the bladder which was filled with urine but not distended. Complete blood count (CBC) examination using blood samples showed leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, monocytosis, and thrombocytosis. The results of blood chemistry tests using blood serum samples showed hypoglycemic conditions and an increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) values. Calcium phosphate crystals are found on microscopic examination of the urine. Urinalysis test showed abnormal values ​​for ascorbic acid, microalbumin, protein, calcium, leukocytes, creatinine, blood, and protein to creatinine ratio. The formation of calculi looks like a hyperechoic mass and the presence of an acoustic shadow can be seen on ultrasonography (USG) examination of the urinary bladder. The handler given is cystotomy surgery.
 Keywords: Urolithiasis, calcium phosphate, ultrasound.

Hair cortisol concentration in postpartum dairy cows and its association with parameters of milk production

Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) is considered as an indicator for a minimally invasive assessment of long-term stress. In dairy cows, in addition to stress influences, changing physiological conditions during gestation and lactation (eg, due to varying energy requirements or fluctuating milk yield) may affect HCCs. Thus, the aim of our study was to investigate HCCs of dairy cows during different stages of lactation and to determine the relationship between milk production traits and hair cortisol levels. Samples of natural hair and regrown hair were collected from 41 multiparous Holstein Friesian cows at 100-d intervals from parturition to 300 d postpartum. All samples were analyzed for cortisol concentration and the association of HCC with milk productions traits was evaluated. Our results show that cortisol concentration in natural hair increased after parturition and was highest 200 d postpartum. Cumulative milk yield from parturition to 300 d showed moderate and positive correlation with HCC in natural hair at 300 d. There was a positive correlation between urea concentration in milk and cortisol levels in regrown hair at 200 d, and between somatic cell count in milk and HCC in natural and regrown hairs 200 d postpartum. Together, these findings suggest that physiological loads during lactation, eg, caused by metabolic stress and/or inflammation, may be associated with increased HCC levels. In addition, the results on hair color confirm previous findings in cattle that black hair has higher cortisol concentrations than white hair. Black hair therefore appears to be more suitable for hair cortisol analysis as it provides higher protection against photodegradation.

White hair and loss of eyebrows: An unusual presentation of ACC

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)

Holstein heifers in desert climate: effect of coat color on physiological variables and prediction of rectal temperature.

Two hundred Holstein heifers were divided by hair coat color in black (n1 = 60), white (n2 = 62), and mixed (n3 = 78) to accomplish two objectives: (1) to compare physiological variables using an analysis of variance, and (2) to construct regression equations to predict rectal temperature. In each heifer, rectal temperature (RT), respiration frequency (RF), and body surface temperatures (obtained with infrared thermography in eye, nose, forehead, head, neck, ear, shoulder, flank, belly, leg, loin, rump, and vulva) were measured. Black heifers had more RF and RT (P < 0.01) than mixed and white coat heifers; white heifers had similar RT than mixed color heifers, but they exhibited less RF (P < 0.05). In general, black and mixed coat color heifers had higher BST (P < 0.01) than white heifers in the majority of the anatomical regions measured. For black coat heifers, the best regression model to predict RT included three predictor variables: [RT = 35.59 - 0.013 (RH) + 0.045 (RF) + 0.019 (TEar); R2 = 71%]. For white coat heifers, the best model included two predictor variables: [RT = 35.29 + 0.035 (RF) + 0.033 (TForehead); R2 = 71%]; and for mixed coat color heifers, the best model included two predictor variables: [RT = 35.07 + 0.022 (RF) + 0.038 (THead); R2 = 44%]. Heifers with dark hair coat color showed higher physiological constants than white heifers; the prediction of rectal temperature was more precise in heifers with well-defined hair coat color. Physiological and climatic variables, along with infrared thermography, represent an appropriate combination to predict rectal temperature in Holstein heifers with predominant white or black hair coat color.

Morphology, Taxonomy, Culm Internode and Leaf Anatomy, and Palynology of the Giant Reed (Arundo donax L.), Poaceae, Growing in Thailand.

In this paper, we present the morphology, taxonomy, anatomy, and palynology of Arundo donax. A detailed morphological description and illustrations of the species are provided, along with information about the identification, distribution, the specimens examined, habitat and ecology, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) conservation assessment, phenology, etymology, vernacular name, and uses. The species can be distinguished by its large, tall rhizomatous perennial reed; cauline leaves; an open, large, plumose panicle inflorescence; subequal glumes as long as the spikelets; glabrous rachilla; all bisexual florets; and a lemma with a straight awn and with long white hairs outside below the middle part. In this study, two names were lectotypified: Arundo bifaria and A. bengalensis, which are synonyms of A. donax. The culm internodes in the transverse section have numerous vascular bundles scattered in the ground tissue, and the parenchyma cells have significantly lignified cell walls. Vascular bundles are composed of phloem and xylem and are enclosed in a continuous sclerenchymatous bundle sheath. The chloroplasts in the transverse section of the leaf blades are found only in the mesophyll cells but are absent in the bundle sheath cells, which indicates that it is a C3 grass. The leaves have stomata on both surfaces and are confined to the intercostal zones. The stomata are typically paracytic, with two lateral subsidiary cells placed parallel to the guard cells. The stomatal density is higher on the abaxial surface [450-839/mm2 (606.83 ± 72.71)] relative to the adaxial surface [286-587/mm2 (441.27 ± 50.72)]. The pollen grains are spheroidal or subspheroidal [polar axis length/equatorial axis length ratio (P/E ratio) = 0.89-1.16 (1.02 ± 0.07)] with a single pore surrounded by a faint annulus, and the exine sculpturing is granular.

Formulation of Nano-sized dispersion from Calendula Officinalis: A Natural gateway to preparation of a Hair Dye

Hair dyes have been used to cover gray hair or to give an appealing look. In the present study, the extract of Calendula Officinalis was used in preparing a hair dye. This represents a natural gateway in development of hair dye to avoid damage caused by synthetic dyes. The yellow coloring principle of the extract, Calendulin, was converted into nano-sized formula ensuring hair fiber penetration. Nine formulae were prepared by solvent evaporation technique, based on a 32 factorial design using Design Expert® program, independent variables being: speed and time of homogenization; three levels: low, medium and high. Polyvinyl alcohol (0.5% w/v) was used as stabilizing agent. Formulae were evaluated by determination of Zeta size, potential and polydispersity index. Response surface modeling enabled choosing the optimal formula (least particle size, polydispersity index and highest zeta potential), which was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy and dyeing effect as a gel containing 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose. F7, produced by operating the homogenizer at 26000rpm for 10 minutes proved to be optimal which succeeded to dye white hair and lighten up the black hair as evidenced by optical microscope images. Hence it was recommended to use F7 in covering the white hair.

Genetic profile of domestic cat (Felis catus L.) population of Aoshima Island (Japan).

The paper analyzes the genetic profile of the domestic cat population of the Aoshima Island. The population has been established in the middle of the last century, after a small group of animals was imported for rodent control. Based on three photographs, the genotypes of the cats in three overlapping groups (75, 56, and 70 individuals) were determined. The mutant allele frequencies of the sex-linked O (Orange) locus and the three autosomal loci a, W, and l (Agouti, White, and Long hair) responsible for coat color and length were estimated. The population lacks the mutant alleles d (Dilution locus), W and wg (White), tab (Tabby), Ti A (Ticked) present in other populations of Japan. This is an almost monomorphic population with prevailing red and tortoiseshell individuals. Most cats have interrupted stripes (genotype Ti+Ti+TaM-). The island's population differs from the other populations of the Japanese islands in the frequencies of two mutant alleles, O and a. The frequency of the O allele (q(O) = 0.580) is one of the highest in the region, while the frequency of the a allele (q(a) = 0.276) is two times lower than in the other populations. In both cases, the differences in frequencies between the neighbouring populations are significant (p < 0.0001). An independent study of the same population revealed a similar genetic structure. However, it detected the presence of the d allele, the frequency of the a allele was higher (0.534 versus 0.276, p < 0.020). The genetic profile, frequencies of mutant alleles in the population, and history of its origin indicate a significant influence of the founder effect on the genetic structure of the island's domestic cat population.

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SharpRazor: Automatic removal of hair and ruler marks from dermoscopy images.

The removal of hair and ruler marks is critical in handcrafted image analysis of dermoscopic skin lesions. No other dermoscopic artifacts cause more problems in segmentation and structure detection. The aim of the work is to detect both white and black hair, artifacts and finally inpaint correctly the image. We introduce a new algorithm: SharpRazor, to detect hair and ruler marks and remove them from the image. Our multiple-filter approach detects hairs of varying widths within varying backgrounds, while avoiding detection of vessels and bubbles. The proposed algorithm utilizes grayscale plane modification, hair enhancement, segmentation using tri-directional gradients, and multiple filters for hair of varying widths. We develop an alternate entropy-based processing adaptive thresholding method. White or light-colored hair, and ruler marks are detected separately and added to the final hair mask. A classifier removes noise objects. Finally, a new technique of inpainting is presented, and this is utilized to remove the detected object from the lesion image. The proposed algorithm is tested on two datasets, and compares with seven existing methods measuring accuracy, precision, recall, dice, and Jaccard scores. SharpRazor is shown to outperform existing methods. The Shaprazor techniques show the promise to reach the purpose of removing and inpaint both dark and white hair in a wide variety of lesions.

Counter hegemony of beauty concept by The Body Shop Instagram ad: A semiotic analysis

&lt;p&gt;Western beauty standards have dominated the perception of Indonesians for so long. It is mentioned that beautiful women should have smooth white skin, pointy noses, tall bodies, and straight hair. This view has also been the guideline for beauty product manufacturers in producing and advertising their cosmetics. Therefore, conventional cosmetics advertising models are usually white skinned women that have wide eyes, tall bodies, and straight hair. This study aims to describe how The Body Shop tries to fight against the hegemony of the concept of beauty that has dominated before, which called counter hegemony. This research is a descriptive qualitative research that using Charles Sanders Pierce's semiotic analysis method, which focuses on the sign (representant), the meaning of the sign (interpretant), and the object. The research based on six photos and advertising narrations that aired on Instagram @thebodyshopindo on October 9, 2021. The results showed that The Body Shop has countered the hegemony of the dominant beauty concept by displaying signs of resistance in the form of a firm narrative which means inviting women to always believe. themselves with their natural beauty, not pursuing flawless white skin. The object is a female model with dark skin, not slim, and not smooth.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;

Clinical and dermatoscopic features of temporal triangular alopecia in infants.

To summarize the clinical and dermatoscopic features of temporal triangular alopecia in infants and explore the clinical significance of dermatoscopy in the diagnosis of triangular alopecia temporalis in infants. A retrospective analysis was performed on 20 children with temporal triangular alopecia diagnosed in the dermatology clinic of Tianjin Children's Hospital from January 2015 to December 2021. Dermatoscopy was performed on all children, and images were collected. The clinical features of 20 children were 15 males and five females, all of which were born immediately after birth; There were eight cases (40%) in the left temporal region, 10 cases (50%) in the right temporal region, one case (5%) in the head region, and one case (5%) in the occipital region; 19 cases were single (95%), one case was multiple (5%); There were 21 skin lesions, 15 triangular lesions (71.4%), four quasi-circular lesions (19%), and two lance-shaped lesions (9.5%). Trichoscopic features: The hair follicle opening in all skin lesions is normal, and the hair follicle opening can be seen with fluffy hair (vellus hair). The vellus hair is evenly distributed, and the length is diverse (both short and long vellus hair exist in the same hair loss area). There are 14 cases of white vellus hair (70%), five cases of white spots (25%), one case of honeycomb pigment pattern (5%), and one case of vascular dilation pattern (5%). Temporal triangular alopecia in infants has typical clinical and dermatoscopic characteristics, and the dermatoscopy can provide clinical basis for its diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

TRICHOSCOPY IN ALOPECIA AREATA : A SUPER TOOL FOR DIAGNOSIS

Objective : Alopecia areata (AA) is a non-scarring form of hair loss1.Trichoscopy is the study of hair conditions by the use of magnified light sources2.Trichoscopy aids in confirmatory diagnosis of Alopecia areata.Objective of our study is to present various presentations of alopecia in trichoscopy. Methods : 50 patients with Alopecia areata were included in the study. Dermlite 4 Dermoscope (10X magnifications) with polarised light was employed in the study. Abstract : A Case study of 50 patients both female and male clinically diagnosed with Alopecia areata has been studied to evaluate the trichoscopic findings specific to Alopecia areata and make a final diagnosis. Results : A total of 50 patients were evaluated and trichoscopic findings of white dots were seen in 45 patients (i.e.90%), black dots in 40 patients (i.e.80%),yellow dots in 25 patients (i.e.50%), broken hairs in 20 patients(i.e.40%), white hairs in 15 patients (i.e.30%), short vellus hairs in 10 patients (i.e.20%), exclamation marks 10 patients (i.e.20%), circle hairs in 6 patients (i.e.12%), tapering hairs in 5 patients (i.e.10%). Conclusion : Trichoscopy evaluates specific patterns in Alopecia areata to identify disease activity and severity of disease. It helps avoid invasive methods to diagnose&amp; is also cost effective.

Effect of surfactant type on the dyeability and color resistance of semi-permanent basic hair dye

Basic Brown 16 pigment and three types of surfactants were used to prepare the cationic, nonionic, and anionic basic hair dyes. White hair and bleached hair were dyed using the three basic hair dyes and were shampooed 10 times using acidic, neutral, and alkaline shampoos prepared in the study. White hair and bleached hair dyed with the anionic basic hair dye resulted in a lower L*, a*, b* values and lower K/S values compared to the hair dyed with the cationic and nonionic basic hair dyes and the results were statistically significant at α = 0.05. Hair dyed with the anionic basic hair dye showed significantly higher ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, and ΔE*ab values after 10 times of shampooing than those dyed with cationic and nonionic basic hair dyes (α = 0.05), indicating a lower color resistance for the anionic basic hair dye. Color difference after shampooing was significantly higher when alkaline shampoo was used (α = 0.05). Overall, the color difference after shampooing occurred more by the type of dye than by the type of shampoo.

Trichoscopic Aspects of Alopecia Areata in Children: A Series of 30 Cases

Aims: Alopecia areata is a non-scarring autoimmune disease, quite frequent in the pediatric population. Trichoscopy plays a fundamental role in its diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic evaluation. Our objective was to describe the trichoscopic signs of alopecia areata in children while showing the most frequent signs in the pediatric population and their correlation with disease activity.&#x0D; Study Design: Retrospective descriptive study.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Dermatology department of the CHU of Rabat Morocco over a two-year period.&#x0D; Methodology: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study collecting the cases of alopecia areata in children followed in the dermatology department of the CHU of Rabat Morocco over a two-year period.&#x0D; Results: A female predominance was noted (63.3%) with a sex ratio of 0.58. Concerning the antecedents, anxiety was at the top of the list with 56.7% of cases. 96.7% of the alopecia areata had been evolving for more than six months, mainly in the form of patchy alopecia 56.7%. In 60% of the children this alopecia areata was due to an emotional shock. Concerning trichoscopy the most common sign found in our study was black dots with a percentage of 80%, followed by: yellow dots 67.7%, exclamation point hair 60%, fluffy hair 53.3%, empty follicular openings 50%, tapered hair 40%, white hair 40%, angled hair 36.7%, biphasic hair 26.7%, pigtailed hair 16,7%. Sign of Pohl Pinkus has not been reported.&#x0D; Conclusion: Trichoscopy is a major tool in the diagnosis of alopecia areata in the pediatric population but also in the evaluation of the severity of the disease and its prognosis.

Trichoscopy in Alopecia Areata and Trichotillomania in Skin of Colour: A Comparative Study.

Alopecia areata (AA) and trichotillomania (TTM) are the two common causes of localised non scarring alopecia. While AA is an autoimmune disorder, TTM is an impulse control disorder which makes the treatment of the two entities completely different. Trichoscopy is a non-invasive tool used to diagnose hair disorders, which not only is extremely helpful in diagnosing AA and TTM but also differentiates them from other hair disorders as well. The aim of our study is to describe the various trichoscopic features of AA and TTM and to compare the frequency of each trichoscopic feature in order to establish diagnostic clues for differentiating AA and TTM. Trichoscopy was performed on clinically diagnosed cases of AA and TTM with DL4 dermoscope and the images were analysed by 2 dermatologists independently. The frequency of trichoscopic features in AA and TTM was compared using chi square test. Twenty-four patients of TTM and 50 patients of AA were included in the study with mean age of AA being 30 years and mean age of TTM being 23.4 years. Exclamation mark hair, tapered hair, coudability hair, pigtail hair, clustered vellous hair, clustered regrowing hair and white hair were significantly more in alopecia areata. Conversely broken hair of different length, trichoptilosis, flame hair, mace hair, coiled hair, hair powder, fractured hair, v sign and burnt matchstick sign were the common features in TTM. To conclude, even though there is an overlap of trichoscopic features in AA and TTM, it is possible to distinguish the two if an assemblage of specific features are present.