White Hair Research Articles

A cross-sectional study to characterise the topical steroid dependent face by dermoscopy at a tertiary care centre

The occurrence of topical steroid dependent face (TSDF) in India has become widespread because of the abuse of creams containing steroids. Of late, many studies have been undertaken about topical steroid dependent face. Only few studies have demonstrated the dermoscopic features of this condition. Hence, we undertake a research to study the characteristic features of topical steroid dependent face by dermoscopy.A total of 398 patients who have applied topical steroid creams for more than one month and with symptoms indicative of topical steroid dependent face like redness, itching, burning, increased hair growth, acne were included in the study. The demographic, clinical and dermoscopic features were noted in such patients. These dermoscopic features were correlated with the clinical features and potency of steroid creams using Chi- square test. Statistical analysis was done using standard statistical software, ‘p’ value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.398 cases were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 30.22 ± 5.7 years. The duration of topical corticosteroid application was 1-3 months in 30.15% patients, 3-6 months in 32.66% patients. Melasma and other hyperpigmentary causes was the most common cause of steroid usage in 32.16% patients. The most prevalent steroid used was 0.1% Betamethasone valerate. The most common presenting complaints were with itching (70.35%) and redness (69.84%). The dermoscopic features included mainly diffuse red areas (93.96%), terminal hair (75.87%), telangiectasias (74.87%) and brown globules (73.86%). Terminal hair, telangiectasias, focal white areas, white hair were seen on dermoscopy in statistically higher proportion of cases.Atrophy of skin, telangiectasias, red skin, hypertrichosis, easy bruisability and acneiform eruptions are the common clinical features of TSDF in our cohort. Dermoscopic findings along with these clinical features aid in meticulous diagnosis, differentiating it from other dermatological disorders. Hence, dermoscopic evaluation of TSDF provides an easy, diagnostic and time saving procedure that aids in quick detection and helps in management of such cases.

Astragalus kanjuensis, a new species of section Aegacantha (Galegeae-Fabaceae) from Swat, Pakistan

A new species Astragalus kanjuensis, is described and illustrated from Kanju Town, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. The new species is morphologically similar to A. vallis-astoris Podlech & Zarre, but is characterized by densely white pilose young branches, short stipules 3.5–7 mm long, with 1–3 longitudinal nerves, elongate 2.5–6.3 cm long peduncles, pilose with white hairs, two-flowered raceme, whitish-membranous pilose bracts with white hairs, pedicels 3.5–5.5 mm long, densely pubescent with white hairs, relatively long standard up to 32 mm, ovary short-stipitate, style glabrous in the middle, legumes elliptic to oblong, 14–21×4–6.5 mm, beak abruptly curved 2–4 mm densely pubescent with white spreading hairs.

THE THEME OF OLD AGE IN THE STORIES BY VAGIF SULTANLI (CASE STUDY THE STORIES “KUFI XETTI”, “XIFFET” AND “SEHER DUMANI”)

Old age is one of the most discussed topics in literature, like death, love and separation. In the literature of almost all peoples, to say old, orator means an experienced person. In fiction, respect for old people, white hair, and white beard is preached, trust in their experience, and criticism of disrespect for them is inculcated. The best example of this in Azerbaijani literature is the monument “Kitabi-Dede Gorgud”. In the literature of the peoples of the world, in the works of Ernest Hemingway, Victor Hugo, Leo Tolstoy, Necip Fazil Kisakurek and others, we are faced with descriptions of the sometimes bitter and sometimes proud aspects of this topic. However, in the era of modernization, decelerating family ties, the spread of the desire for individualization among both young and old people weakened social policy, limited the possibilities of the weaker sections of the population. ` In the stories of Vagif Sultanlı, we will explore the theme of illness and loneliness, which tests not only themselves, but also their children, of this “powerless” class. The object of our research is the stories “Xiffet”, “Seher dumani” and “Kufi Xetti” from Vagif Sultanli's collection “Ters akin”. The subject of the research is the theme of death, loneliness and old age in the writer's stories, and the presentation of these themes. The feelings and pains caused by the Covid 19 pandemic, which makes loneliness felt not only by the elderly, but by all people from children to adults, are presented in the writer's story “Kufi Xetti” through the experience of an elderly person. The story, which shows the resistance of a person who lived to the marrow of loneliness to nature, does not just describe an epidemic, which once again proves that development and science will not work if time comes. Here the struggle of an elderly and especially lonely person with life, with people, with a way of thinking is reflected. When describing elderly people, the writer who chooses an elderly orphan or a parent on a sick bed as an image has increased the emotional load, and has created key points by emphasizing tradition and mentalism in almost every episode.

Ophiorrhizaliuyanii (Rubiaceae), a new species from south-western China and northern Vietnam.

Ophiorrhizaliuyanii, a new species from south-western China and northern Vietnam, is described and illustrated. The new species is characterised by the glabrous surfaces on almost all plant parts, congested inflorescences and broad-ovate to ovate bracts 9-22 × 4-11 mm. It morphologically differs from the closest species, O.baviensis, mainly in most plant parts being glabrous, bracts broad-ovate to ovate, apex acute or sometimes obtuse, corollas inside with a ring of white hairs at the middle and anthers inserted near the middle in long-styled flowers. According to IUCN Categories and Criteria, O.liuyanii is assessed as Least Concern (LC).

A new endemic Begonia species (sect. Knesebeckia, Begoniaceae) from the south-western montane forest remnants of Ecuador

Begonia jocotocoi is a new species described from the Buenaventura Reserve in El Oro Province, south-west Ecuador. The new species morphologically resembles Begonia serotina, but differs by its minutely bullate leaf lamina (vs. smooth), the dense red long trichomes that cover the petioles and the lower surface of the leaf lamina, the latter of which distinctly become purple at maturity (vs. usually glabrous or occasionally with an indument of minute glandular white hairs and pale green below), presence of a pair of bracteoles directly beneath the pistillate flowers (vs. bracteoles absent), and the pedicels and also sometimes the abaxial surfaces of most floral whorls having a sparse cover of glandular hairs (vs. glabrous to puberulous). Photos of the new species and a distribution map are provided. Relationships with other species are discussed and the species’ preliminary conservation status is assigned as critically endangered (CR).

What's New in Diode Laser Hair Removal?

ABSTRACTIntroductionLaser hair removal remains one of the most common procedures in cosmetic dermatology. It has always been challenging because of the higher competing epidermal melanocyte as the targeted hair chromophore is also melanin. As a result, to avoid unwanted side effects from laser therapy while maintaining high efficacy levels, the use of the right laser device, appropriate settings, and customized pre and posttreatment care are crucial. With more efficient versions of existing lasers in the market, the safety profile has been taken care of without compromising the efficacy. Diode lasers along with long pulsed Nd:YAG and alexandrite are considered as the safest hair removal lasers.ObjectiveTo summarize recent developments in diode laser hair reduction focusing on improvements in efficiency, safety, and patient compliance with recent innovations.Materials and MethodsA review of recent literature updates in diode laser hair reduction technology focusing on multiwavelength systems, safety profiles, and innovations in laser device was searched using keywords diode laser hair removal and mutliwavelength diode laser devices.ResultsCurrently, 810 nm diode laser is the most extensively used technology for the long term elimination of unwanted hair, thus establishing itself as an efficacious and safe modality. The rapid multiple pass in motion technique with lesser fluence and gradual heating of the skin epidermis was more well tolerated in patients than the higher fluence single shot method. Most popular combination of triple wavelength was 755, 810, and 1064 nm, which is considered most effective with least complications.ConclusionDiode lasers still remain the gold standard in laser hair removal especially on darker skin types. Recent innovations in diode laser have significantly improved the efficacy, safety, and patient compliance with hair reduction. Multiwavelength platforms seems to be the way forward, however the basic principles and certain problems like minimal pain, treating thin hair, paradoxical hair growth, white hair removal still remains a challenge.

Dermoscopic Features of Dermatitis Cruris Pustulosa et Atrophicans: A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Care Center in South India.

Dermatitis cruris pustulosa et atrophicans (DCPA) is a chronic superficial folliculitis that can cause scarring alopecia if left untreated. Hardly any studies are there describing the dermoscopic features of DCPA. Dermoscopy can be a useful tool for diagnosing DCPA in addition to clinical and histopathological features and for differentiating other conditions like superficial folliculitis, folliculitis decalvans, and pseudofolliculitis. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe the dermoscopic features of 30 patients with DCPA at a tertiary care center in South India. A retrospective study of clinical and biopsy-proven cases of DCPA at a tertiary care center in South India. Thirty patients of DCPA of skin phototype IV or V were studied. Male preponderance of DCPA was noted in our study. Lower extremities 28 (93.3%) and upper extremities 2 (6.7%) were the common sites of involvement. The most common findings noted in dermoscopy were follicular-based pustules in 30 (100%) patients, follicular white structureless area in 16 (53.3%), perifollicular collarette of scales in 12 (40%), diffuse background dotted blood vessels in 12 (40%), and the absence of follicular orifices in 12 (40%). Other findings were yellow or hemorrhagic scales, perifollicular linear white lines, broken hair, and perifollicular dotted blood vessels. Pigmentary patterns observed were dark brown pigmentation, blue-grey globules, blue-grey dots, and accentuation of the pigmentary network. The limitations of the study were the retrospective nature of the study, the small sample size, and the lack of a comparison group. The predominant dermoscopic features observed in our patients were follicular-based pustules, follicular white structureless areas, perifollicular collarette of scales, diffuse background dotted blood vessels, and the absence of follicular orifices. Vascular and pigmentary patterns were less commonly noted.

Effects of light exposure on human ultra-weak photon emission: Preliminary findings for a pioneering control tool in cosmetics

Currently, the cosmetic industry is developing several treatments based on the use of lights with different wavelengths for anti-ageing strategies and facial rejuvenation. Some lights have been proven to be beneficial for our skincare, but their actual effects require an in-depth analysis.Ultra-weak photon emission (UPE) is a spontaneous, low intensity emission from all living systems produced as a consequence of metabolic reactions (e.g., oxidative metabolism, cell division, photosynthesis, or carcinogenesis). However, it can also be induced by several factors, such as light exposure, wounds, thermal shock, and other stress elements. Thus, measuring human biophotonic emission can open new horizons to explore the real benefits of light therapies, particularly regarding the direct relationship between light exposure and free radicals, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are the main cause of UPE.In this study, the ultra-weak photon emission from a sample of ten human beings after exposure to different lights was studied using red and green lights (artificially produced by an RGB LED lamp) and natural light (directly received from the sun), aiming to assess the UPE changes when directly focusing these types of lights on the skin. Hence, this technique could be proposed as a pioneering control tool in cosmetics, principally with phototherapies.Our preliminary results showed that the UPE response after light stimulation differed when a person was exposed to artificial lights compared to sunlight. Besides, there were relevant variations between women and men that should be deeply examined in further investigations by increasing the number of participating subjects in this experience. Furthermore, it was serendipitously discovered that the presence of certain unusual elements in our body, such as using hyaluronic acid fillers and having white hair (natural or dyed), could change the UPE intensity of our skin.

Stress and Sleep Duration in Immune and Neuroendocrine Patterning. An Analytical Triangulation in ELSA.

Proinflammatory and neuroendocrine mediators are implicated in disease aetiopathogenesis. Stress increases concentrations of immune-neuroendocrine biomarkers through a complex network of brain-body signalling pathways. Suboptimal sleep further modulates these processes by altering major effector systems that sensitise the brain to stress. Given the ubiquitous, impactful nature of material deprivation, we tested for a synergistic association of financial stress and suboptimal sleep with these molecular processes. With data drawn from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), associations were tested on 4,940 participants (~66±9.4 years) across four-years (2008-2012). Through analytical triangulation, we tested whether financial stress (>60% insufficient resources) and suboptimal sleep (≤5/≥9 hours) were independently and interactively associated with immune-neuroendocrine profiles, derived from a latent profile analysis (LPA) of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, white blood cell counts, hair cortisol, and insulin-like growth factor-1. A three-class LPA model offered the greatest parsimony. After adjustment for genetic predisposition, sociodemographics, lifestyle, and health, financial stress was associated with short-sleep cross-sectionally (RRR=1.45; 95%CI=1.18-1.79; p<0.001) and longitudinally (RRR=1.31; 95%CI=1.02-1.68; p=0.035), and it increased risk of belonging to the high-risk biomarker profile by 42% (95%CI=1.12-1.80; p=0.004). Suboptimal sleep was not related to future risk of high-risk profile membership, nor did it moderate financial stress-biomarker profile associations. Results advance psychoneuroimmunological knowledge by revealing how immune-neuroendocrine markers cluster in older cohorts and respond to financial stress over time. Financial stress associations with short-sleep are supported. The null role of suboptimal sleep, as exposure and mediator, in profile membership, provides valuable insight into the dynamic role of sleep in immune-neuroendocrine processes.

Being different: what it means to be a person with albinism in Nigeria

Persons with albinism experience visual impairments and have unusually white hair and skin colour. In Nigeria, they face social disadvantages due to misconceptions about albinism, which create barriers to equal participation in education, employment, and society. This study explored the life stories of persons with albinism in Nigeria to understand the meanings they ascribe to their experiences. Using a Constructivist Grounded Theory methodology, forty-two interviews were conducted with eleven persons with albinism. ‘Being Different’ emerged as the main theme representing the life experiences of persons with albinism in Nigeria from childhood to adulthood. Participants expressed ‘Being Different’ through subthemes such as ‘being in a tug of war’, ‘disadvantaging schooling system’, and ‘suffering double tragedy’. The study concludes that strongly enforcing anti-discrimination laws, promoting inclusive education, and regularly educating the public about albinism can significantly reduce the negative effects of ‘Being Different’ in Nigeria.

HORSES AN IMPORTANT SPECIE IN CHARRERIA, ITS MANAGE-MENT AND WELFARE IN THE STATE OF GUERRERO, MEXICO

The management practices provided to charrería horses in the state of Guerrero, Mexico were described and were related to animal welfare. Sixty-four owners of charrería horses were interviewed and 10% underwent an evaluation according to the protocol of the Welfare Quality ®. The most used breeds are Creole, Quarter Horse, Aztec, Spanish and Arabian. The starting age in charrería is 2 to 4 years, with workdays between two to four hours a day (81.2% of horses). Hoof shoeing is done every 8 to 12 weeks in 54.3%. The diet is based on forage and commercial feed (82.8%). Deworming is every six months (60.9%), 17.1% are vaccinated against tetanus, rabies, and influenza and very few owners (48.4%) request veterinary care. The most frequent diseases are digestive and locomotor, skin and respiratory. The stereotypes presented were rocking, nodding the head, kicking doors, chewing wood, and walking in circles. Body condition is good (3/5) (33.3%), fat (4/5) (33.3%), moderate (2/5) (16.6%) and Poor (1/5) in 16.6% of the animals. The majority had white hairs on their withers and back, because of injuries caused by their harnesses. The findings observed in the horses indicate that the welfare conditions were affected, which led to the development of vices, poor body condition, sick animals, and skin lesions in the animals

Comparative assessment of growth curves in Brazilian white Morada Nova hair sheep breed.

The Morada Nova sheep breed is essential for the economy of the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil, standing out for its adaptability, resistance to parasites and reproductive ability. However, the white variant is endangered, highlighting the importance of studies on its productivity to support conservation efforts. This study focuses on the growth curve of the Morada Nova sheep breed, using nonlinear models and analyzing flock profiles. Total of 764 observations of 165 animals from four farms in Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, were analyzed. Canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) was used for the exploratory analysis and four nonlinear models were used to study the growth curve. Weight from birth to 270days of age, absolute growth rate (AGR), and the impact of sex on growth curves were assessed. Sex and farm are significant discriminating variables (P < 0.05) for the studied effects (weight and age). Weight was the primary phenotypic biomarker that discriminated between the two indicators, while age was a discriminating indicator only for the core effect. The Gompertz model was the most efficient, presenting the lowest residuals and greatest convergence. The study reveals new information about the growth of Morada Nova sheep, the white variety, including weight differences between the sexes at all analyzed ages and an inflection point before 90days of age. These discoveries contribute to the understanding of the breed's growth and help in the formulation of conservation strategies.

Assessment of Phenotypic and Reproductive Characteristics of Local Donkeys in Marathwada Region

A total of 1007 local donkeys were selected for the study of phenotypic and reproductive characters of local donkeys from different districts of the Marathwada region in Maharashtra state. Statistically non-significant differences were found in most of the phenotypic parameters. Four different body coat colour patterns i.e., grey, brown, white, and dark red brown were observed with percentage as 48.46, 21.54, 25.12 and 4.86%, respectively. Most of donkeys (96.02 %) were black muzzled with convex forehead (93.24%), white marking above muzzle (66.53%), white marking above eyes (67.72%), white marking posterior to the mandible (70.30%), dark brown lining around extremity of ear pinna (88.97 %), long white hairs at inner side of ear pinna (100%) and bearing dark strip starting from poll to switch of tail and forming cross with another dark strip at shoulder (73.48%). The mean age at puberty, age at first service, age at first oestrus, oestrus cycle duration, oestrus duration, age at first covering, age at first conception, no. of services/conception, age at first foaling, service period, foaling interval, gestation period, lifetime no. of foaling of adult female local donkeys in Marathwada region were 2.70±0.02 years, 2.79±0.02 years, 2.77±0.03 years, 6.86±0.084 days, 23.80±0.55 days, 2.96±0.01 years, 5.9±0.07 years, 1.82±0.06, 4.44± 0.01 years., 1.14±0.01 years, 2.25±0.01 years, 340.8±0.27 days and 5.98±0.07, respectively.

PA24 Concomitant Crohn disease and scurvy: an unusual presentation revealing nutritional challenges

Abstract This case report presents a 15-year-old boy newly diagnosed with Crohn disease (CD), currently under treatment with prednisone and azathioprine. The patient was admitted to the hospital due to diffuse abdominal pain, diarrhoea and fever. Remarkably, after 5 days of hospitalization, he developed purpuric lesions on his wrists, abdomen and lower limbs. Dermoscopic examination of the cutaneous petechiae revealed an intriguing finding: whitish hair follicles exhibiting a distinctive ‘corkscrew’ hair pattern surrounded by a haemorrhagic violaceous halo. This dermoscopic profile strongly suggested the presence of scurvy. Histological analysis provided further insight, demonstrating perifollicular haemorrhage and interstitial extravasation of red blood cells. While nutritional deficiencies are commonly linked to CD, vitamin C deficiency is less frequently identified and reported, despite its prevalence. The challenge lies in the potential overlap of symptoms between active CD and scurvy, making the diagnosis of vitamin C deficiency more elusive in patients with CD. This case underscores the importance of considering vitamin C deficiency in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous manifestations in individuals with CD. Clinicians should be vigilant in identifying such nutritional deficiencies to ensure timely intervention and prevent complications associated with scurvy.

God Bless the Grass”: The Environmental Songs of Malvina Reynolds

The American folk singer and activist Malvina Reynolds (1900-1978) was truly instrumental in spreading awareness of environmental and ecological issues through her songs. Reynolds only began composing in her forties and performing in her fifties, but soon made a name for herself, starting in the early 1960s, with her topical protest songs touching on a range of issues, most notably the environment. Her compositions have been covered and popularized by folk and pop giants such as Pete Seeger, Joan Baez, Harry Belafonte and many others. This paper will focus on her most well-known ecological songs: God Bless the Grass, What Have They Done to the Rain, Little Boxes, etc. With her white hair and granny glasses, Reynolds did not at all fit the image of the beatnik folk singer of the 1950s or the hippie movement which followed. She did, however, pioneer the embracing of environmental protection as an important theme in folk music and popular culture in general.

‘Hair Color Repigmentation in the Recipient Area‘: A Newly Recognized Phenomenon after Hair Transplantation

Background: Hair color repigmentation in the recipient area is a newly detected phenomena after hair transplantation. It’s detected especially in patients with gray or white hairs in the donor area, in which transferring these follicles to the recipient area stimulate them to regain their original blackish color, this may occur due to various stimulants that release during wound healing of slits after hair transplantation that trigger melanin production within the melanocyte inside the hair roots and promote hair repigmentation in the recipient area. Aim: The aim of this study was to detect the frequency of hair color repigmentation phenomena in the recipient area after hair transplantation. Patients and Methods: In this retrospective observational study, we detect thirty-four patients that develop hair color restoration phenomena in the recipient area after undergoing hair transplantation throughout a 1-year follow-up period. 1438 patients that undergo hair transplant between August 2021 and May 2023 were enrolled in this study among them 34 patients with white or gray hair in the donor area were vulnerable to hair color restoration phenomena, each patient was assessed both objectively and subjectively to evaluate the frequency of occurrence of this phenomenon and the percentage of hair follicles restore their original blackish color that transplanted to the recipient area. Results: Thirty-four patients with white or gray hair in the donor area were enrolled in this study that completed 1-year follow-up period. The evaluation score includes (percentage of patients show hair color restoration in the recipient area after hair transplantation, percentage of hair follicles show change in their original color, degree of color restoration among transplanted follicles in the recipient area) and patient’s satisfaction score showed greater positive results in which the majority of the patients with white or gray hair in the donor area restore their original blackish color of their hair after transplanted to the recipient area. Conclusion: Hair color repigmentation in the recipient area is a newly detected phenomena after hair transplantation surgery. Most patients with white or gray hair in the donor area show regain their original blackish color of their hair follicles in the recipient area after hair transplantation. We think that detecting this phenomenon will give us insight about how we can restore the original color of our white or gray hair by understanding the mechanism of how the melanocytes within the hair root regain their ability of melanin production after hair transplantation.

Konsep Uban dalam Tafsir Al Munir

This research was conducted to find out what is meant by gray hair and what is the concept of gray hair in Tafsir Al-Munir, gray hair comes from the words شَابَ - يَشِيْبُ - شَيْب, which means white hair on the top of the head, either a little or a lot. The plural form of the word شَيْب is شيُوْب. The word شَيْب in the Koran is found in three suras, including surah Maryam [19] verse 4 with the pronunciation شَيْبا surah al-Rûm [30] verse 54 with the pronunciation شَيْبةَ, and surah al-Muzzammil [73] verse 17 with the pronunciation شِيْب ا. Gray hair is hair that is white or starting to turn white. Gray hair is described in the Koran as a biological signal indicating that a person is old, as well as a theological signal that a person will soon be returned to his Lord. This research examines what is meant by gray hair and the concept of gray hair in Al Munir's interpretation. This research uses qualitative research methods and library research. From the results of this research, it can be concluded that the concept of gray hair in Wahba Al-Zuhaili's Tafsir Al-Munir is a reminder for those of us who will have gray hair to introspect ourselves about the message of its growth and implies obedience, even for every gray hair that grows in between. Between our hair there is a pile of wise advice to equip us to follow the path of life, to strengthen our beliefs, give birth to wisdom, make the sad happy, dispel despair, and give birth to a million hopes.

A new Finnish flavor of feline coat coloration, "salmiak," is associated with a 95-kb deletion downstream of the KIT gene.

Cats with a distinctive white hair pattern of unknown molecular cause have been discovered in the Finnish domestic cat population. Based on the unique appearance of these cats, we have named this phenotype salmiak ("salty licorice"). The use of a commercially available panel test to genotype four salmiak-colored cats revealed the absence of all known variants associated with white-haired phenotypic loci: full White (W), Spotting (Ws) and the Birman white Gloves associated (wg) allele of the KIT proto-oncogene (KIT) gene. Whole-genome sequencing on two salmiak-colored cats was conducted to search for candidate causal variants in the KIT gene. Despite a lack of coding variants, visual inspection of the short read alignments revealed a large ~95 kb deletion located ~65 kb downstream of the KIT gene in the salmiak cats. Additional PCR genotyping of 180 domestic cats and three salmiak-colored cats confirmed the homozygous derived variant genotype fully concordant with the salmiak phenotype. We suggest the newly identified variant be designated as wsal for "w salmiak".

Additions to Crepidotus species (Basidiomycota): Six new species and two new records from Thailand

Six new species and two new records of Crepidotus are described from Thailand. Macroscopic and microscopic descriptions with photoplates, as well as a multigene phylogeny, are provided. Crepidotus chiangraiensis sp. nov. is recognized as densely velutinous with white hairs longer near the point of attachment, not striate margin, and not hygrophanous. Crepidotus- flavocarpus sp. nov. is recognized by yellow to yellowish pileus basidiomata, margin discolorous paler yellow, densely velutinous with white hairs near the point of attachment, smooth globose basidiospores, and inverse hymenophoral trama. Crepidotus thailandicus sp. nov. is recognized by a tomentose surface with white hair when primordial to early stages and then disappearing with age when mature present long translucent-striate reward to the point of attachment becoming fade away at central. Crepidotus roseocarpus sp. nov. is recognized by large basidiomata, pileus, lamellae, and context are pastel pink, concolorous darker pink at the margin, hymenophoral trama convergent, with cylindrical terminal elements. Crepidotus-ungulatus sp. nov. is recognized by ungulate basidiomata, brownish orange near the point of attachment, the basidiomata color changed to light brown in three hours, and the margin is concolorous to the surface of the pileus. Crepidotus viscidus sp. nov. is recognized by white semicircular pileus, translucent-striate with gray to dark grey margin, lamellae pale orange to orange-white, glutinous context, smooth basidiospore and hymenophoral trama present regular form. Crepidotus lateralipes and C. striatus are reported as new records to Thailand.

Melanin-mediated accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human hair: Insights from biomonitoring and cell exposure studies

While human hair is widely used to monitor micro-organic contaminants (MOCs), their incorporation mechanisms are poorly understood. Melanin, known to facilitate the accumulation of drugs in hair, hasn’t been studied in the field of MOCs. Here, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a class of priority MOCs, were investigated through hair biomonitoring as well as cell exposure experiments. PAH concentrations and melanin contents were measured in black and white hairs from the same individual. The results showed that five dominant PAHs (phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene and chrysene) in black hair (0.66 ng/g – 35.1 ng/g) were significantly higher than those in white hair (0.52 ng/g – 29.6 ng/g). Melanin contents in black hair (14.9 – 48.9 ng/g) were markedly higher than in white hair (0.35 – 2.15 ng/g) and were correlated to PAH concentrations, hinting melanin-mediated accumulation of PAHs in hair. The in vitro experiment using murine melanoma cells demonstrates that PAH levels in cells were affected by melanin, suggesting the affinity of melanin to PAHs. Both biomonitoring and cell exposure experiment implicate the pivotal role of melanin in PAH accumulation in hair. Therefore, to ensure the accuracy of hair biomonitoring for MOCs, attention must be paid to the melanin content uniformity.