White Fruit Research Articles

Callicarpayongshunensis (Lamiaceae): A new species from Hunan, China.

This study provides detailed description of a newly-discovered Callicarpayongshunensis Wen B. Xu, Xiao D. Li & Yan Ling Liu (Lamiaceae) species from Hunan, China. The species shares similarities in the inflorescence, glandular colour and leaf shape features with C.luteopunctata H. T. Chang and C.giraldii Hesse ex Rehd., while its white fruits are similar to those of C.longifolia Lamk. However, its procumbent, evergreen shrub and white fruits are distinctly different from those of C.luteopunctata and C.giraldii, while its procumbent, scarless nodes and stellate pubescence free fruits distinguishes it from C.longifolia. Images, distribution, morphological features, molecular phylogenetic classification and conservation assessment of this new Callicarpa species are explored.

Abstract 2173: Effect of colored fruits and vegetables intake on gastrointestinal cancer risk: A prospective cohort study

Abstract Background and Aim: Diverse antioxidant compounds found in colored fruits and vegetables have been linked to various health benefits. While anthocyanins, present in purple, red, and blue pigments, and chlorophyll, responsible for green pigments, are recognized for their antioxidant properties, limited evidence exists regarding their preventive effects on gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. In the year 2020, GI cancers constituted 29% of global cancer cases. To address this gap, this prospective cohort study investigates the association between the intake of colored fruits and vegetables and the risk of GI cancer in Korea. Methods: The Cancer Screenee Cohort, comprising adults undergoing check-ups at the National Cancer Center Korea, was analyzed for GI cancer cases diagnosed between October 16, 2007, and December 31, 2020. Of the 10,741 eligible participants, 208 developed GI cancer and 10,533 did not. General and validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires were used to collect demographic data and measure dietary intake. Fruit and vegetable intake (g/day) were categorized into four groups (white, green, orange/yellow, and red/purple) based on the color of the edible parts. Analyses were conducted on total fruits/vegetables, total fruits, total vegetables, and fruits/vegetables in each color category. The intake was divided into quintiles to compare the effects of low and high intake. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). HRs were adjusted for variables, including age, gender, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol drinking, education, occupation, first-degree family history of any cancer, and marital status. Results: High total fruit and vegetable intake was associated with reduced GI cancer risk (HR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.42-0.98, p for trend = 0.022). No significant associations were found for total fruits, total vegetables, fruits and vegetables together and separately in green and orange/yellow colors in this study. However, a higher intake of white fruits and vegetables was found to be effective in preventing cancer with adjusted HRs (HR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.31-0.85, p for trend = 0.019). Similarly, the inverse association was observed in red and purple vegetables with adjusted HRs (HR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.32-0.84, p for trend = 0.022). Conclusions: This cohort study suggests that the consumption of fruits and vegetables in white color, as well as vegetables in red and purple colors, may have a potential protective effect against GI cancer. Key Words: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer; fruits and vegetables; colors of fruits and vegetables; color food; cohort studies; Korea Citation Format: Yujin Cho, Jeonghee Lee, Madhawa Gunathilake, Jeongseon Kim. Effect of colored fruits and vegetables intake on gastrointestinal cancer risk: A prospective cohort study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2173.

HPLC-ESI/MS-MS metabolic profiling of white pitaya fruit and cytotoxic potential against cervical cancer: Comparative studies, synergistic effects, and molecular mechanistic approaches

Natural approach became a high demand for the prevention and treatment of such diseases for their proven safety and efficacy. This study is aimed to perform comparative phytochemical analysis of white pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) peel, pulp and seed extracts via determination of total flavonoid content, phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity, coupled with HPLC-ESI/MS-MS analysis. Further, we evaluated the synergistic cytotoxic potential with Cisplatin against cervical cancer cells with investigation of underlying mechanism. The highest content of phenolics and antioxidants were found in both seed and peel extracts. The HPLC-ESI/MS-MS revealed identification of flavonoids, phenolic acids, anthocyanin glycosides, lignans, stilbenes, and coumarins. The cytotoxicity effects were evaluated by MTT assay against prostate, breast and cervical (HeLa) and Vero cell lines. The seed and peel extracts showed remarkable cytotoxic effect against all tested cell lines. Moreover, the selectivity index confirmed high selectivity of pitaya extracts to cancer cells and safety on normal cells. The combined therapy with Cisplatin effectively enhanced its efficacy and optimized the treatment outcomes, through the apoptotic ability of pitaya extracts in HeLa cells, as evaluated by flow cytometry. Besides, RT-PCR and western blotting analysis showed downregulation of Bcl-2 and overexpression of P53, BAX among HeLa cells treated with pitaya extracts, which eventually activated apoptosis process. Thus, pitaya extract could be used as adjuvant therapy with cisplatin for treatment of cervical cancer. Furthermore, in-vivo extensive studies on the seed and peel extracts, and their compounds are recommended to gain more clarification about the required dose, and side effects.

Unravelling Post-harvest Ripening Metabolomics of a New White Variety Guava Fruit (Cv Arka Mridula) with Special Emphasis on Phenolics and Corresponding Antioxidants.

The phenolic, antioxidant and metabolic profiling of a new white variety guava fruit Arka Mridula (AM) was performed during its storage at theroom temperature (28 ± 2 °C). The comparative profiles were generated at three ripening stages (pre-ripe, ripe and over-ripe) of the fruit. Generally, a steady decrease of the phenolic and antioxidant content from the pre-ripe to the ripe stage and a subsequent increase from the ripe to over-ripe stage was observed. Further, a powerful correlation between the phenolic content and antioxidant principles was noted through the principal component analysis. We could identify 53 compounds for the hydro-methanolic fruit extract through LC and GC-MS aided metabolic analysis, and the identified compounds were dominated by phenolics (~ 44%). The statistical analysis revealed that phytochemicals catechin, myricitrin, myricetin, kaempferol glycosides and n-hexadecanoic acid contributed significantly towards the ripening process of AM, during the storage. The present study is expected to provide important insight into the ripening biochemistry of AM. Subsequently, it may help in the future development of metabolically stable guava cultivars with extended post-harvest shelf life.

Studies Influenced by Bio-fertilizers and Organic Manures on Flowering Behaviour and Yield Attributes of Dragon Fruit

Dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.) is a exotic and newly introduced super fruit crop of India. The flowering behavior of this plant is crucial for breeding and hybridization. As a fact, there are no such scientific studies has been conducted, the current research is focused on the flowering behavior and yield of red and white fleshed dragon fruit types. From the year 2019 to 2021, the experiment was carried out in the field of a progressive farmer. Treatments consisted of T1 - Control, T2 - 100% N through FYM, T3 - 100% N through FYM + PSB @ 10kg/ha, T4 - 100% N through FYM + VAM @ 10kg/ha, T5 - 100% N through FYM + PSB @ 10kg/ha + VAM @ 10 kg/ha, T6 - 100% N through poultry manure, T7 - 100% N through poultry manure + PSB @ 10 kg/ha, T8 - 100% N through poultry manure + VAM @ 10kg/ha, T9 - 100% N through poultry manure + PSB @ 10kg/ha + VAM @ 10kg/ha, T10 - 100% N through vermicompost, T11 - 100% N through vermicompost + PSB @ 10kg/ha, T12 - 100% N through vermicompost + VAM @ 10 kg/ha, T13 - 100% N through vermicompost + PSB @ 10kg/ha + VAM @ 10kg/ha. The data was pooled for two successive years on red fleshed and white fleshed type dragon fruit and the results revealed that treatment T13 comprising of 100 per cent N through vermicompost + PSB at 10 kg ha-1+ VAM at 10 kg ha-1 had significantly greater impact on flowering and yield parameters.

Genetic diversity, clonal diversity and fine-scale spatial genetic structure of the white and red fruit color morphs of Fragaria pentaphylla populations

Genetic diversity, clonal diversity and fine-scale spatial genetic structure of the white and red fruit color morphs of Fragaria pentaphylla populations

Evaluation of selected drying models of white sapote (Casimiroa edulisL.) slices as affected by drying methods and pre-drying treatments

This investigation was performed on the drying modelling of white sapote slices that were influenced by drying methods and pre-drying treatments. The experimentation was performed by two factors: drying techniques and pre-drying treatments. The drying techniques included oven-, solar- and open sun-driers, whereas the pre-drying pretreatments were blanching, sodium metabisulfite, sodium-chloride and control. Behaviours of the drying were plotted with the moisture ratio vs time of drying, moisture content (% db) vs time of drying, and drying rate (g of water/100 g dm/hr) versus drying time (t). At the commencement of the drying progression, the drying rate was increased steadily and reduced through the advancement of drying model parameters a and n (empirical constants) and k (drying rate constant) were determined. Their combinations were optimised to suit the requirements of the minimal value of the sum of square deviation on the expected data values (model values). The models were evaluated with the regression coefficient (R2) and chi-square (χ2), resulting in values of 0.95–0.99 and 0.000132 to 0.00511, respectively. Henderson and Pabis's model demonstrated the highest coefficient R2 values (0.99) for oven-dried drying techniques. Also, the Page model gave the highest R2 value (0.99) for sodium metabisulphite pretreatments. It can be concluded that the Henderson and Pabis model is best suited for oven drying among the drying techniques. In contrast, the Page model best fits sodium metabisulphite among the pre-drying treatments. Hence, Henderson and Pabis, and Page models might describe the drying characteristics of the white sapote fruit slices based on respective drying methods and pre-drying treatments.

Assessment of the concentration of toxic metals (aluminum, cadmium and manganese) in the soil and evergreen plant species at the Sastavci surface mine and its vicinity

The study aims to determine the concentration of Al+3, Cd+2 and Mn+2 in the soil and parts of evergreen plant species - juniper and white pine - at the surface mine Sastavci (Badanj) and its vicinity in order to determine the possibility of using evergreen plants as an ecological indicator or for phytoremediation. Globally, as a result of various anthropogenic activities such as traffic, agricultural activities, waste incineration, industrial production, mining, etc., it represents a serious problem leading to pollution with toxic and potentially toxic metal cations. One of the more innovative techniques used for the remediation of mining areas is phytoremediation. By applying phytoremediation, certain plant species in polluted areas have the ability to act as accumulators or hyperaccumulators, absorbing toxic metals from the soil through the plant roots and transporting them to the upper parts. This research has been conducted to determine the concentration of Al+3, Cd+2 and Mn+2 at the surface mine itself and its surroundings, as well as to monitor the distribution of metal cations in the system of roots, branches, needles, and fruits of the evergreen plant species - white pine and juniper. The results showed that the sampled soil was contaminated with Cd in zones I and II for both plant species, since the concentrations exceeded the limit values, while the concentration of Cd in zone III as well as in the control zone was below the determination limits for both plant species. The concentration of Mn in the soil from the white pine and juniper zone was above the world average in all three zones, as well as in the control zone itself. The soil was most enriched with the analyzed elements in the surface mine of zone I and zone II. According to the analysis of elements in the parts of white pine, roots, branches, needles and fruits, the highest concentration of Al was detected in the root in zone I, while the lowest concentration was recorded in the fruit (cones) in the control zone, an increased concentration of Cd was recorded in the branches in zones I and II, and the highest concentration of Mn was recorded in needles in zone II. The highest Al concentration was recorded in the juniper root in zone I and the lowest in the juniper fruit in the control zone, the Cd concentration was the highest in the juniper root zone I, and the lowest in the juniper fruit and the highest Mn concentration was recorded in the juniper needles in zone I. Based on the obtained values of the coefficient of biological absorption, it can be concluded that white pine is not suitable for phytoextraction or phytostabilization of the tested elements. The analysis of biological factors (bioconcentration, translocation and bioaccumulation factor) indicated possible usage of juniper in phytoextraction only for Cd.

Effect of Psidium guajava Juice on The Seminiferous Tubules Diameter and Epithelium Thickness in Rattus norvegicus Exposed by Lead Acetate

Lead is one of humans and animals' most common and hazardous heavy metals. This study aimed to investigate the effect of white guava (Psidium guajava) fruit juice on the seminiferous tubule diameter and epithelium thickness in rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to lead acetate. The research design was a completely randomized design (CRD). A total of 25 male rats with an average weight of 200 grams were used for the study, divided into 5 treatment groups, each consisting of 5 rats. The treatments were as follows: the control group (C) was given distilled water orally; the T0 group was induced with lead acetate (50 mg/Kg BW) orally; the T1, T2, T3 groups were induced with lead acetate (50 mg/Kg BW) and then given 25%, 50%, and 100% concentration of white guava fruit juice, respectively. All the treatments were conducted for 14 days. The histopathology slides of the testis were made with HE staining, and the seminiferous tubule diameter and epithelium thickness were measured. The data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA and Duncan test (p<0.05). The results showed that the control group (C) which was given distilled water only had a seminiferous tubule diameter and epithelium thickness of 336.24±23.32 µm and 66.46±4.39 µm, respectively. The T0 group which was induced with lead acetate only showed a reduction in the diameter and epithelium thickness of seminiferous tubules (243.38±49.35 µm and 44.08±14.45 µm). The members of the T1, T2 and T3 groups showed positive effects on the diameter (323.49±22.82 µm; 314.41±13.04 µm; 325.04±16.88 µm, respectively) and epithelium thickness (56.36±3.36 µm; 60.50±3.81 µm; 66.744±9.50 µm, respectively). There was no significant difference reported between each group. The administration of guava juice to rats induced with lead acetate can positively affect the diameter and epithelium thickness of seminiferous tubules.

Photoelectrochemical Enzyme Biosensor for Malate Using Quantum Dots on Indium Tin Oxide/Plastics as a Sensing Surface.

A photoelectrochemical biosensor for malate was developed using an indium tin oxide (ITO) layer deposited on a poly(ethylene terephthalate) plastic sheet as a transparent electrode material for the immobilization of malate dehydrogenase together with CdTe quantum dots. Different approaches were compared for the construction of the bioactive layer; the highest response was achieved by depositing malate dehydrogenase together with CdTe nanoparticles and covering it with a Nafion/water (1:1) mixture. The amperometric signal of this biosensor was recorded during irradiation with a near-UV LED in the flow-through mode. The limit of detection was 0.28 mmol/L, which is adequate for analyzing malic acid levels in drinks such as white wines and fruit juices. The results confirm that the cheap ITO layer deposited on the plastic sheet after cutting into rectangular electrodes allows for the economic production of photoelectrochemical (bio)sensors. The combination of NAD+-dependent malate dehydrogenase with quantum dots was also compatible with such an ITO surface.

Strawberry soluble solids QTL with inverse effects on yield.

Sugars are the main drivers of strawberry sweetness, and understanding their genetic control is of critical importance for breeding. Large-scale genome-wide association studies were performed in two populations totaling 3399 individuals evaluated for soluble solids content (SSC) and fruit yield. Two stable quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosome 3B and 6A for SSC were identified. Favorable haplotypes at both QTL for SSC decreased yield, though optimal allelic combinations were identified with reduced impacts on yield. Metabolites in the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway were characterized and quantified for 23 contrasting genotypes in leaves, white fruit, and red fruit. Variations in sucrose concentrations/efflux indicated genetic variation underlying sucrose accumulation and transportation during fruit ripening. Integration of genome-wide association studies and expression quantitative locus mapping identified starch synthase 4 (FxaC_10g00830) and sugar transporter 2-like candidate genes (FxaC_21g51570) within the respective QTL intervals. These results will enable immediate applications in genomics-assisted breeding for flavor and further study of candidate genes underlying genetic variation of sugar accumulation in strawberry fruit.

Major dietary patterns and sleep quality in relation to overweight/obesity among school children: A case-control study.

Childhood overweight/obesity is increasing worldwide. There is evidence on the role of dietary patterns (DPs) and sleep quality on body weight in adults, but studies on the association of major DPs, sleep quality and overweight/obesity among school-age children are scarce, so the present study was done to shade a light on the subject. This study was a case-control study, conducted on school-age (7-13 years) children. Cases were healthy children who had a body mass index (BMI) percentile of≥85th for age and sex (n=102). Sex-matched children with a BMI percentile between 5th and 85th were considered as control group (n=102). Dietary data were collected using a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire. Sleep quality was assessed by Pittsburgh sleep quality index. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association between DPs, sleep quality, and overweight/obesity. Three DPs were identified: "Low-energy healthy", "High-energy healthy" and "Unhealthy diet". Adherence to the first and second DPs was associated with 51%-62% lower odds of overweight/obesity (Odds ratio [OR]: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.24-0.97, and 0.38, 95% CI: 0.15-0.94, respectively, P<0.050). However, we found no significant association for the third DP with overweight/obesity. Furthermore, there was no significant association between sleep quality/duration and overweight/obesity. The interactions of DPs and sleep quality/duration with overweight/obesity were not significant. Eating a diet high in white meats, eggs, vegetables, fruits and juices, nuts, dairy products, whole grains, and low in refined grains and snacks is associated with a lower likelihood of overweight/obesity in children. This inverse association does not depend on sleep quality/duration.

Effect of white guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit juice on the quality of lead acetate induced rats (Rattus norvegicus) spermatozoa

This study aims to determine the effect of the administration of white guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit juice on spermatozoa plasma membrane integrity (PMI), morphological abnormality, viability, and motility of lead acetate induced rats (Rattus norvegicus). Twenty-five male rats were divided into five groups: NC (negative control) group, rats were administered with distilled water twice daily at four-hour intervals; T0 (positive control) group, rats were administered daily with lead acetate 50 mg/kg bw and distilled water four hours later; T1, T2, and T3 groups, rats were administered daily with lead acetate 50 mg/kg bw and 0.5 mL of 25, 50, and 100% white guava fruit juice four hours later. The treatment of the rats was conducted for 14 days, and on day 15, all rats were sacrificed to assess the spermatozoa quality. Data was analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple range test at a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that exposure to lead acetate (T0) caused lower spermatozoa PMI, viability, and motility as well as higher spermatozoa morphological abnormalities (p &lt;0.05) compared to those of the T0 group. Administration of white guava fruit juice starting at a dose of 25% (T1) resulted in higher spermatozoa motility, viability, and PMI as well as lower spermatozoa morphological abnormalities (p &lt;0.05) compared to rats in the T0 group. It could be concluded that white guava fruit juice maintained the spermatozoa quality of lead acetate induced rats.

Effect of white guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit juice on the quality of lead acetate induced rats (Rattus norvegicus) spermatozoa

This study aims to determine the effect of the administration of white guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit juice on spermatozoa plasma membrane integrity (PMI), morphological abnormality, viability, and motility of lead acetate induced rats (Rattus norvegicus). Twenty-five male rats were divided into five groups: NC (negative control) group, rats were administered with distilled water twice daily at four-hour intervals; T0 (positive control) group, rats were administered daily with lead acetate 50 mg/kg bw and distilled water four hours later; T1, T2, and T3 groups, rats were administered daily with lead acetate 50 mg/kg bw and 0.5 mL of 25, 50, and 100% white guava fruit juice four hours later. The treatment of the rats was conducted for 14 days, and on day 15, all rats were sacrificed to assess the spermatozoa quality. Data was analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple range test at a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that exposure to lead acetate (T0) caused lower spermatozoa PMI, viability, and motility as well as higher spermatozoa morphological abnormalities (p &lt;0.05) compared to those of the T0 group. Administration of white guava fruit juice starting at a dose of 25% (T1) resulted in higher spermatozoa motility, viability, and PMI as well as lower spermatozoa morphological abnormalities (p &lt;0.05) compared to rats in the T0 group. It could be concluded that white guava fruit juice maintained the spermatozoa quality of lead acetate induced rats.

A Novel R2R3–MYB Transcription Factor FaMYB10-like Promotes Light-Induced Anthocyanin Accumulation in Cultivated Strawberry

Anthocyanins widely accumulate in the vegetative and reproductive tissues of strawberries and play an important role in stress resistance and fruit quality. Compared with other fruits, little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating anthocyanin accumulation in strawberry vegetative tissues. In this study, we revealed an R2R3–MYB transcription factor, FaMYB10-like (FaMYB10L), which positively regulated anthocyanin accumulation and was induced by light in the petiole and runner of cultivated strawberry. FaMYB10L is a homologue of FveMYB10-like and a nuclear localization protein. Transient overexpression of FaMYB10L in a white fruit strawberry variety (myb10 mutant) rescued fruit pigmentation, and further qR–PCR analysis revealed that FaMYB10L upregulated the expression levels of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes and transport gene. A dual luciferase assay showed that FaMYB10L could activate the anthocyanin transport gene FaRAP. Anthocyanin accumulation was observed in FaMYB10L-overexpressing strawberry calli, and light treatment enhanced anthocyanin accumulation. Furthermore, transcriptomic profiling indicated that the DEGs involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway and induced by light were enriched in FaMYB10L-overexpressing strawberry calli. In addition, yeast two-hybrid assays and luciferase complementation assays indicated that FaMYB10L could interact with bHLH3. These findings enriched the light-involved regulatory network of anthocyanin metabolism in cultivated strawberries.

Effect of using dried white sapote fruit (Casimiroa edulis) on the quality characteristics of bio-low-fat goat milk yoghurt drink

The white sapote tree is cultivated in Egypt on a limited scale owing to its dietary fruits. For its medical and functional characteristics, different levels of dried white sapote fruit (DWSF) were utilized in the manufacturing of probiotic goat yoghurt drinks as a milk fat replacer, as well as yoghurt cultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 and Bifidobacterium bifidum Bb-11. The implications of DWSF on the rheological properties (apparent viscosity, flow behavior index, plastic viscosity, consistency coefficient, and yield stress), gross composition, color, sensory, bioactive, and microbiological properties of yoghurt drinks were studied throughout 15 days of storage at 4 °C. The addition of DWSF enhanced the bioactive compounds, water-holding capacity, sensory properties, rheological parameters, color, and bacterial growth. Furthermore, mold, yeast, and coliform were not found in any of the samples untilthestoragetimewas over. The total number of viable cells in probiotic treatments was kept at a functional level (>106 CFU/mL) for 15 days. The aggregate results showed that it is possible to generate high-quality bio-yoghurt drinks from goat milk with a delightful flavor, appearance, body & texture, and color by substituting goat milk fat with up to 75 % dried white sapote fruit. The successful creation of high-quality bio-yoghurt drinks from goat milk, enriched with DWSF, not only presents a delightful flavor, and pleasing texture but also signifies a health-conscious innovation. This research paves the way for further investigations into the integration of novel fruit-based ingredients in dairy products, offering new dimensions in the functional foods field.

TIPE-TIPE STOMATA TUMBUHAN MYRTACEAE DI LINGKUNGAN KAMPUS FKIP ULM SEBAGAI BOOKLET BAHAN AJAR PENDAMPING MATA KULIAH ANATOMI TUMBUHAN

The campus environment of FKIP ULM Banjarmasin consists of various plant families, one of which is the Myrtaceae family. Differences in plant families and species can affect the type of plant stomata. The type of stomata can be used to add data about phylogenetic systematics in plants. This study aims to describe the types of stomata of Mytaceae plants in the Campus Environment of FKIP ULM Banjarmasin. The research started from September 2022 to December 2022. The Myrtaceae leaf sampling technique was carried out using cruise methods. Stomata-type data collection method using a light microscope. The research data obtained were analyzed by descriptive qualitative. The results of the study found 2 types of stomata from 7 species of Myrtaceae plants namely: anomocytic/ranunculaceous stomata type found in Syzygium malaccense and Syzygium aqueum white fruit and parasitic/rubiaceous stomata type found in red fruit Syzygium aqueum, Syzygium jambos, Syzygium oleana, Psidium guajava, and Syzygium polyanthum.

Aroma-based discrimination of Egyptian versus Indian guava fruits and in response to probiotics as analyzed via SPME/GC–MS and chemometric tools

Guava tree (Psidium guajava L., Myrtaceae) is an economic grown worldwide, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Guavas encompass numerous cultivars (cvs.) that were discriminated in previous studies based on leaf morphological features and profile of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Nevertheless, fruit VOCs have also shown outstanding potential for discrimination of other plant taxa, which has not been utilized in guava. Hence, the current study investigates the various guava cvs. harvested from India and Egypt. A total of 5 samples were analyzed by solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results led to the detection of 42 VOCs belonging to aldehydes, alcohols, esters, ketones, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, in addition to monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. Butylated hydroxytoluene and β-caryophyllene were predominant reaching 77% and 41% in Egyptian and Indian guava, respectively. The impact of probiotic fermentation, i.e., Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. plantarum on aroma profile was not significantly different (p > 0.05). Multivariate data analyses were further applied for samples classification and markers determination, including principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). PCA score plot showed clear segregation of Egyptian from Indian specimens, whereas OPLS-DA revealed that β-caryophyllene was associated with white fruit versus 3-butenyl isothiocyanate and muurolol in red fruit type in the case of Indian guava. The richness of Egyptian guava in butylated hydroxytoluene in addition to the presence of vitamin C may potentiate its antioxidant activity, to be followed in subsequent studies regarding its health effects.

Supplementary manual pollination: a potential technology to enhance the yield and quality in white fleshed dragon fruit variety

Supplementary manual pollination: a potential technology to enhance the yield and quality in white fleshed dragon fruit variety

Analysis of Volatile Components in Dried Fruits and Branch Exudates of Schisandra chinensis with Different Fruit Colors Using GC-IMS Technology.

To investigate the volatile components of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Bail (commonly known as northern Schisandra) of different colors and to explore their similarities and differences, to identify the main flavor substances in the volatile components of the branch exudates of northern schisandra, and finally to establish a fingerprint map of the volatile components of the dried fruits and branch exudates of northern Schisandra of different colors, we used GC-IMS technology to analyze the volatile components of the dried fruits and branch exudates of three different colors of northern Schisandra and established a fingerprint spectra. The results showed that a total of 60 different volatile chemical components were identified in the branch exudates and dried fruits of Schisandra. The components of germplasm resources with different fruit colors were significantly different. The ion mobility spectrum and OPLS-DA results showed that white and yellow fruits were more similar compared to red fruits. The volatile components in dried fruits were significantly higher than those in branch exudates. After VIP (variable importance in projection) screening, 41 key volatile substances in dried fruits and 30 key volatile substances in branch exudates were obtained. After screening by odor activity value (OAV), there were 24 volatile components greater than 1 in both dried fruits and branch exudates. The most important contributing volatile substance was 3-methyl-butanal, and the most important contributing volatile substance in white fruit was (E)-2-hexenal.