White Fish Research Articles

Determination of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) peel extract bio‐active substances and its application in Caspian white fish (Rutilus frisii kutum) diet: Growth, haemato‐biochemical parameters and intestinal morphology

In this study, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of grapefruit peel extract (GPE) were equal to 117.3 ± 0.3 µg of gallic acid/mg and 39.30 ± 0.1 µg of quercetin/mg respectively. Caspian white fish (n = 180, 4 ± 0.9 g body weight) was fed with supplemented diets, including 0, 6.25, 12.5 and 25 mg of GPE/kg for 60 days at 25 ± 1°C. The growth performance was markedly improved in fish fed with 25 mg/kg of GPE compared to others (p < 0.05). Moreover, fish fed with 25 mg/kg of GPE showed a significant increase in red blood cell (2.65·106 cell/mm3), white blood cell (17.75·103 cell/mm3), packed cell volume (48%) and haemoglobin concentrations (8.75 g/dl) compared to the control (p < 0.05). However, the highest alanine aminotransferase (140 U/L), alanine transaminase (14.5 U/L), and alkaline phosphatase (18.5 U/L) were observed in control group. Morphological analysis of intestine revealed the highest amount of villus width (8.4 µM), height (32.86 µM) and surface area (342.7 µM2) in fish fed with 25 mg/kg of GPE (p < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementing feed with GPE at 25 g/kg can improve growth performance and haemato-biochemical parameters of Caspian white fish fry.

Food Intake and Blood Levels of Mercury, Lead, and Cadmium Among Healthy Reproductive Aged Women (P18-024-19)

ObjectivesExposure to toxic metals mostly occurs via contaminated food intake. Though toxic metals adversely affect reproductive health, common food sources among reproductive aged women are less understood. We addressed this gap among healthy premenopausal women, residing in western New York, 2005–2007. MethodsWomen enrolled in the BioCycle Study (n = 249, mean age 27.4 years and body mass index [BMI] 24.1 kg/m2) completed a baseline food frequency questionnaire and provided blood samples to measure levels of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd). We used linear regression to examine associations between food intake and log-transformed toxic metals, adjusted for age, BMI, race, smoking, physical activity, and intakes of total energy, protein, fat, and fiber. Models were adjusted for false discovery rate. ResultsTotal fish intake ≥ 1 serving per day was associated with 54.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 36.1, 75.9) higher Hg levels, compared to <1 serving. Specific fish intakes (i.e., canned tuna, fried fish, shellfish, white fish, and dark fish) were also associated with higher Hg levels. Though total meat intakes were not associated with Hg, intakes of lunch meat (28.1%), beef, pork, and lamb (21.0%), and chicken and turkey (43.5%) were associated with higher Hg levels, compared to no intake. Intakes of specific vegetables, including red pepper (17.4%), green beans (20.1%), summer (24.7%) and winter squash (19.3%), and garlic (18.5%) were associated with higher Hg. Total fruit intake ≥ 1 serving per day was also positively associated with Hg (18.7%, 95% CI 4.8, 34.5), compared to <1 serving, particularly with bananas (21.6%, >0 versus no intake). Compared to no intake, green pepper (11.8%) and cauliflower (9.9%) were positively associated with Pb, whereas apples were inversely associated with Pb (−14.6%). No associations were found between food intakes and Cd in our data. ConclusionsWe found that intakes of certain foods are related to a higher blood level of toxic metals among reproductive aged women with metals level typical of the US population. Given the nutritional values of these food items, further research on food preparations (e.g., washing, packing) to reduce toxic metals exposure is needed. Funding SourcesIntramural Research Program, DIPHR, NICHD.

Optimizing fish structure in angling ponds focusing on white fish

According to new amendments of laws, commercial fishing licenses of natural waters shall not be issued from the calendar year 2016 in Hungary. However, the most settlement of white fish to angler ponds originated from natural waters. Currently, there is no sufficient quantity of fish species belonging to this group available to fulfil the settlement commitments of fish farmers. The aim of this recent study is to develop a breeding and production technology that is suitable for settlement of large quantities of this fish species of appropriate length of (4–5 cm). The following methods are investigated: aquaculture cage system (pond-in-pond system), monoculture and mixed population with different ratio of white fish in fish structure. Due to the different environmental needs of different fish species, many parameters need to be investigated, for example: stocking density, feeding, oxygen level, monoculture or mixed populations, growth potential and mortality. A preliminary experiment was carried out following the artificial propagation of ide (Leuciscus idus) following a 21-day larval rearing experiment in which the effect of different stoking density was investigated for mortality and growth. On the basis of the expected results, the optimal conditions for the aquaculture cage system will be described, regarding to the white fish stock.

Characteristic and Self-Life Test of Food Bar with Combination of White Millet, Snakehead Fish and Soy Flour

&lt;p&gt;Emergency food is needed when a disaster occurs. Emergency conditions encourage the provision of food that is ready to eat with sensory properties that can be accepted by the community, has sufficient nutrient content to meet the body's caloric needs and is resistant during storage. This study aims to obtain the best formulas of the food bar based on the parameters observed, namely sensory, chemical, total caloric, and a&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt; as well as its shelf life estimation with the Accelerated Shelf Life Test. Food bar was made from white millet flour and fish koya that was made from snakehead fish and soy flour. Intermediate moisture food (IMF) applied in this study with the initial formulation was determined using mass equilibrium. The effectiveness test was used to determine the best formula based on all observed parameters. The results showed that the best food bar formula was formula F2, which has a chemical composition consisting of moisture content (20,99±0,21%); ash (3,45±0,35%); fat (18,10±0,13%); protein (12,24±0,28%); and carbohydrates (45,22±0.32%), a&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt; (0,76±0,01); and total calories (per 50 g) was 232,04±1,96 kcal. The shelf life of food bar F2 was 19 days. Based on the results obtained, the total calories produced from the best formula have not met emergency food calorie standards.&lt;/p&gt;

Effect of swim bladder matrix treated with hyaluronic acid on wound healing: an animal model evaluation.

To investigate the potential restorative effects of the white fish (Rutilus frisii kutum) swim bladder matrix (FSBM) treated with hyaluronic acid (HA) in the repair of skin wounds in an animal model. Wistar rats were used to investigate the repair function of FSBM as a biological scaffold. Rats were given four round wounds on their back. Wounds were divided into four groups: control, acellular fish swim bladder matrix (AFSBM), HA and AFSBM impregnated with HA (AFSBM-HA). Macroscopic and histological studies in wound healing were investigated on days three, five and seven after injury. The AFSBM-HA group showed a rapid reduction in wound area compared with the other groups, indicating faster wound healing (p<0.001). At day seven after injury, the AFSBM group showed a faster process in epidermal layer formation and angiogenesis compared with the control group (p<0.001). In the AFSBM-HA group, in addition to the reduction of inflammatory cells density, a significant increase in the number of fibroblast cells and collagen synthesis was observed. An elevation in collagen synthesis and angiogenesis was also observed in the HA group compared with the control group. The findings of this study indicate that AFSBM-HA can potentially be used as a biological dressing in wound healing.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERMINTAAN TAHU PUTIH DI KOTA MEDAN

&lt;p&gt;Tofu is one of the foodstuffs that plays a role for nutritional balance and is one of the people's favorite side dishes. The purpose of this study is to find out what factors influence consumer demand for white tofu in the city of Medan. The sampling method is done by purposive sampling method. Respondents in this study were consumers who consumed white tofu in the household. Information obtained from white tofu sellers in Petisah Market, Sei Sikambing Market and Helvetia Market and samples taken were 45 respondents, each 15 respondents in each market. Data collected are primary data and secondary data. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression test with SPSS 20. The results of this study concluded that the variable price of white tofu, tempe prices, fish prices, income and the number of dependents simultaneously had a significant effect on the demand for white tofu in Medan. Partially the variable price of white tofu and fish prices has a significant effect on the demand for white tofu in Medan, while the variable price of tempe, income and the number of dependents does not significantly influence the demand for white tofu in Medan.&lt;/p&gt;

Malacosporean myxozoans exploit a diversity of fish hosts.

Myxozoans are widespread and common endoparasites of fish with complex life cycles, infecting vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. There are two classes: Myxosporea and Malacosporea. To date about 2500 myxosporean species have been described. By comparison, there are only five described malacosporean species. Malacosporean development in the invertebrate hosts (freshwater bryozoans) has been relatively well studied but is poorly known in fish hosts. Our aim was to investigate the presence and development of malacosporeans infecting a diversity of fish from Brazil, Europe and the USA. We examined kidney from 256 fish belonging variously to the Salmonidae, Cyprinidae, Nemacheilidae, Esocidae, Percidae, Polyodontidae, Serrasalmidae, Cichlidae and Pimelodidae. Malacosporean infections were detected and identified by polymerase chain reaction and small subunit ribosomal DNA sequencing, and the presence of sporogonic stages was evaluated by ultrastructural examination. We found five malacosporean infections in populations of seven European fish species (brown trout, rainbow trout, white fish, dace, roach, gudgeon and stone loach). Ultrastructural analyses revealed sporogonic stages in kidney tubules of three fish species (brown trout, roach and stone loach), providing evidence that fish belonging to at least three families are true hosts. These results expand the range of fish hosts exploited by malacosporeans to complete their life cycle.

The association between dietary pattern and depression in middle-aged Korean adults.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESThe association between dietary patterns and depression has been reported but the results have been inconsistent. This study was conducted to investigate the association between dietary patterns and depression in middle-aged Korean adults.SUBJECTS/METHODSThe participants were selected from a community-based cohort, a subset of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Depression was assessed using the Korean version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and those with a BDI score ≥ 16 were defined as having depression. The subjects' food intakes over the year preceding the survey were estimated by using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were identified by using factor analysis. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association of dietary pattern with depression.RESULTSAmong 3,388 participants, 448 (13.2%) were identified as having depression. We identified two major dietary patterns: ‘Healthy’ dietary pattern was characterized by high intakes of vegetables, soybeans, mushroom, seaweeds, white fish, shellfish and fruits and a low intake of white rice. ‘Unhealthy’ dietary pattern was characterized by high intakes of white rice, meats, ramen, noodles, bread and coffee and a low intake of rice with other grains. Compared with subjects in the lowest quartiles, those in the highest quartiles of the healthy dietary pattern had a significantly lower odds ratio (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.42–0.82, P for trend = 0.0037) after adjusting for potential confounders. In contrast, the unhealthy dietary pattern was negatively associated with depression (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.19–2.28, P for trend = 0.0021).CONCLUSIONThis results suggest that a healthy dietary pattern (rich in vegetables, soybeans, mushroom, seaweeds, white fish, shellfish, and fruits) is associated with low risk of depression. Whereas an unhealthy dietary pattern (rich in white rice, meats, ramen, noodles, bread, and coffee) is associated with a high risk of depression in middle-aged Korean adults.

SPENDING AND CONSUMPTION FUNCTION FOR THE MOST IMPORTANT ANIMAL PROTEIN PRODUCTS IN FAYOUM GOVERNORATE

The research aims to study the most important factors determining thedemand for animal protein in Fayoum governorate, and measuring the price andexpenditure relations on animal products to determine the degree of competitionFayoum J. Agric. Res. & Dev., Vol. 33, No.1, January, 2019and substitution between these commodities, The study was based ondescriptive and quantitative economic and statistical analysis methods.The results of the study showed the superiority of white meat followedby fish and red meat for the consumer in rural Fayoum governorate. As for theconsumer in Fayoum governorate, the preference for white meat followed byred meat and fish. The results indicated that the elasticity of the red meat was0.86, 0.79 respectively, which means that the red meat in both rural and urbanareas is a necessary commodity. The mean elasticity of white meat was 0.51and 0.54 respectively, which mean that white meat in both rural and urban areaswas considered a necessary commodity. 0.73, 0.70 respectively, which meansFish in both rural and urban areas are essential commodities.The results of the study showed that the most important factorsdetermining the demand for red meat in Fayoum governorate are the monthlyincome variables of the family. The elasticity of the income elasticity factor is0.74 and that the commodity is necessary for the consumer and the number offamily members And the price of kilograms of white meat, the price ofkilograms of fish, and the value of the coefficient of elasticity in terms of 0.65,0.42 respectively, and white meat and fish are competitive with red meat, whilein urban were the most important determinants of demand for meat The redvariables are the monthly income of the family, and The number of familymembers. The elasticity coefficient for these variables was about 0.58, 0.34,respectively.The main determinant factors for the demand for white meat inFayoum governorate were the monthly income, The elasticity of the incomeelasticity factor was 0.11 and that the commodity was necessary for theconsumer and the variable number of family members, And the factorsdetermining the demand for white meat in Fayoum governorate are the monthlyincome variables of the household, the number of family members, the price ofkilograms of red meat, the kilogram of white meat, The elasticity is about 0.35,0.55, 1.2, 0.33 respectively.The results of the research indicated that the most important factorsdetermining the demand for fish in rural Fayoum Governorate are the monthlyincome variables of the family, the number of family members, the price ofkilograms of red meat, and the elasticity coefficient of 0.36, 0.89, 1.3 And thenumber of family members. The elasticity factor was about 0.21, 0.58 and thiscommodity is necessary for the consumer in each of the Rural and urban areas.

Is iodine intake adequate in Norway?

In 2016, the Norwegian National Nutrition Council concluded that inadequate iodine intake is widespread in sections of the Norwegian population, and that effective measures should be undertaken immediately. This literature review aims to summarise articles published since January 2016 that describe the iodine intake in Norway. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed and Embase. Altogether thirteen articles that reported intake of iodine from the diet or urinary iodine concentration were included. The recent studies confirm that inadequate iodine intake is widespread among women of fertile age, pregnant and breastfeeding women, infants who are exclusively breastfed, elderly persons, vegans and immigrants. There are few sources of iodine in the diet, and persons who avoid or have a low intake of milk and white fish are particularly vulnerable. Inadequate iodine intake is a matter of particular concern in women of fertile age. Healthcare personnel should be aware of this and in certain cases recommend iodine-rich foods or iodine supplements to these and other vulnerable groups.

Quality of Dietary Fat Intake and Body Weight and Obesity in a Mediterranean Population: Secondary Analyses within the PREDIMED Trial.

A moderately high-fat Mediterranean diet does not promote weight gain. This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary intake of specific types of fat and obesity and body weight. A prospective cohort study was performed using data of 6942 participants in the PREDIMED trial, with yearly repeated validated food-frequency questionnaires, and anthropometric outcomes (median follow-up: 4.8 years). The effects of replacing dietary fat subtypes for one another, proteins or carbohydrates were estimated using generalized estimating equations substitution models. Replacement of 5% energy from saturated fatty acids (SFA) with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) resulted in weight changes of −0.38 kg (95% Confidece Iinterval (CI): −0.69, −0.07), and −0.51 kg (95% CI: −0.81, −0.20), respectively. Replacing proteins with MUFA or PUFA decreased the odds of becoming obese. Estimates for the daily substitution of one portion of red meat with white meat, oily fish or white fish showed weight changes up to −0.87 kg. Increasing the intake of unsaturated fatty acids at the expense of SFA, proteins, and carbohydrates showed beneficial effects on body weight and obesity. It may therefore be desirable to encourage high-quality fat diets like the Mediterranean diet instead of restricting total fat intake.

Preparation and characterization of marine mineralized ASC nanocomposites through biomineralization

Mineralized collagen provides new solutions in the manufacture of porous scaffolds for tissue engineering. In this research, the use of biomimetic mineralization, the process of mineralization of acid soluble collagen (ASC) type I extracted from white fish (Rutilus frisii kutum) scales, in a body simulated fluid (SBF) in the presence and absence of an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (SDBS) was thoroughly investigated. The formation of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) nanocrystals in mineralized nanocomposites was detected by XRD, TGA, and FT-IR techniques. The denaturation temperature (Td) of mineralized ASC was determined at 42.87 °C without surfactant, and at 70.2 °C with surfactant using DSC technique, which indicated a higher thermal stability of ASC without the SDBS surfactant. TEM images illustrated that the formation of β-TCP crystals on collagen nano-fibrils was in an irregular form in the absence of surfactant while it was more regular and in the form of rectangular sheets in the presence of surfactant. The results of UV/Vis spectrophotometer for turbidity measurements during the initial step of biomineralization revealed that SDBS while accelerating the self-assembly process of collagen nano-fibrills, delayed the process of nucleation and the growth of calcium phosphate nanocrystals by increasing the kinetic energy barrier.

Serum IgE cross‐reactivity between fish and chicken meats in dogs

In humans, a cross-reactive clinical allergy has been reported between three chicken and fish meat proteins: beta-enolase, aldolase A and parvalbumin. To evaluate if IgE cross-reactivity between chicken and fish also existed in the dog. Sera from dogs with suspected allergic skin disease and with IgE against chicken and fish. Sera were analysed by ELISA and immunoblotting with chicken, white fish (haddock and cod) and salmon extracts. Reciprocal inhibition ELISAs and inhibition immunoblots were then performed. Protein sequencing of bands identified on multiple extracts was determined by mass spectrometry. Out of 53 archived canine sera tested by ELISA against chicken, white fish or salmon, 15 (28%), 12 (23%) and 26 (49%), respectively, had elevated IgE against one, two or all three of these extracts. Seven of the triple-reactive sera were subjected to reciprocal inhibition ELISAs. A >50% inhibition was found between chicken-fish, chicken-salmon and fish-salmon in seven, four and five of seven dogs, respectively. Immunoblotting identified multiple IgE-binding proteins of identical molecular weights in the three extracts; these were partially to fully cross-reactive by inhibition immunoblotting. Mass spectrometry identified nine cross-reactive proteins as: pyruvate kinase, creatine kinase, alpha-actin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, beta-enolase, aldolase, malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and triose-phosphate isomerase 1. All of these have been reported previously as fish, shellfish and/or chicken allergens for humans. Whether any of these newly identified IgE cross-reactive chicken-fish allergens is the cause of clinical allergy needs to be determined in dogs reacting to at least two of these common food sources.

Novel Feed from Invasive Species is Beneficial to Walleye Aquaculture

AbstractCarnivorous fishes, such as the Walleye Sander vitreus, are nutritionally demanding for fish meal. A promising alternative to marine‐origin fish meal, the supply of which has been stagnant in recent decades, is fish meal derived from undesirable freshwater species, such as the White Sucker Catostomus commersonii. To evaluate the relative value of such ingredients, we examined the growth performance of Walleye juveniles. Two dietary treatments were tested: an experimental (EXP) diet that was manufactured using White Sucker as fish meal in comparison with a commercial (COM) diet, EWOS Micro (EWOS Canada, Ltd.). Dietary lipid content was 15.1% and 16.8% for EXP and COM diets, respectively. The protein content was 50.4% and 57.6% for EXP and COM diets, respectively. The energy content was 5,098.76 ± 9.23 cal/g (mean ± SD) for the EXP diet and 5,134.47 ± 10.95 cal/g for the COM diet. Starting at 27 d posthatch, Walleye juveniles (initial weight [mean ± SD] = 0.03 ± 0.008 g; initial length = 15.7 ± 1.5 mm) were reared for 6 weeks in three replicate tanks for each treatment. Condition factor (0.83), final weight (1.12 ± 0.3 g), and weight gain (1.09 ± 0.06 g) were higher in fish that were fed the EXP diet. Similarly, the energetic lipid content of fish in the EXP treatment group (mean ± SD = 5.01 ± 0.45 g/kg) was also higher than that of fish fed the COM diet (3.30 ± 0.53 g/kg). Although the polar lipid content (membrane lipids) was similar in fish from the two treatments, the nutritional ratio for COM juveniles was over 1.5 for arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, indicating selective incorporation by juveniles and suggesting a potential dietary imbalance of these fatty acids. Furthermore, the higher observed selective incorporation of oleic acid in juveniles fed the EXP diet suggested that a higher value of this fatty acid in the EXP feed could have increased Walleye growth performance. Threonine was the main essential amino acid (AA; &gt;18.5% of total AAs), while serine and glycine contributed the highest percentages of the nonessential AAs (&gt;31% and 8.5% of total AAs, respectively). All three AAs, often considered limiting ingredients, are important to support growth and are involved in metabolic processes in some fish species. Our results demonstrate that feed pellets made with White Sucker fish meal improved growth in Walleye juveniles and can serve as a suitable and probably lower‐cost regional alternative to marine fish meal in feeds for carnivorous fishes.

Who refuses safe but stigmatized marine products due to concern about radioactive contamination?

Radioactive contamination from the Fukushima disaster has undermined the seafood caught around the area. Approximately 20 % of general consumers are reported to avoid seafood from Fukushima, even though it has not been found to exceed the Japanese criteria of radioactivity since April 2015. Based on a survey of more than 2000 domestic consumers in Japan, this study investigated the characteristics of those who boycotted safe marine products from the devastated region, using conjoint analysis with a latent class model. The attributes (levels) included price, three prefectural origins (including Fukushima and adjacent prefectures), six local origins, and two ecolabels targeting white fish meat. The latent class model divided participants into three classes: boycotters (27.5 %), consumers devaluing cod (41.0 %), and ordinary consumers (31.5 %). Boycotters neither believed the radioactive test results from any entity nor bought seafood frequently. Furthermore, they tended not to recognize the Marine Stewardship Council, earned more, and were relatively older than the average.

Anatomical subsite can modify the association between meat and meat compounds and risk of colorectal adenocarcinoma: Findings from three large US cohorts.

Distal and proximal colon tumors have distinct incidence trends and embryonic origins; whether these sub-sites have distinct susceptibilities to known risk factors is unclear. We used pooled data from 407,270 participants in three US-based studies, with overall median follow-up of 13.8 years. We used adjusted Cox models to analyze the association between dietary intakes (from diet history questionnaire) of total, processed and unprocessed red meat; total white meat, poultry and fish and meat-related compounds: heme iron, nitrate, nitrite, the heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) and incidence of colorectal cancer subsites. The risk of colorectal cancer (n = 6,640) increased by 35% for each 50 g/1,000 kcal higher daily intake of total red meat, with a significant right-to-left trend from proximal colon (HR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.09-1.39) to distal colon (HR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.13-1.55) and rectum (HR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.28-1.79). Only unprocessed red meat showed a significant right-to-left trend. Each 50 g/1,000 kcal increase in white meat intake was associated with a 26% reduction in total colorectal cancer risk (HR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.68-0.80), with a significant inverse right-to-left trend. The highest quintile of heme iron was associated with increased cancer risk only in the distal colon (HR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.02-1.42) and rectum (HR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.07-1.52). The highest quintile of HCAs, and nitrate/nitrite were associated with increased risk of total colorectal cancer, but these associations did not vary across anatomical subsites. In summary, right and left subsites of the colon may have distinct susceptibilities to meat and possibly other dietary risk factors, suggesting that the causes of colorectal cancer may vary across anatomical subsites.

ANALYSIS OF MACRO NUTRITION IN DUO FISH (PENJA) BLACK AND WHITE AS FOOD LOCAL PALU

Background &amp; Objective: Food Pattern of Central Sulawesi Expectation has not fulfilled suggestion, potential of food product of Central Sulawesi one of them is fish duo, or commonly called penja. This study aims to analyze the nutritional content of fish meal duo which is a source of protein in the food potential of Palu City. Materials and Methods: The type of this research is descriptive laboratory, conducted in Nutrition Laboratory of Animal Husbandry for fish feed and proximate analysis, research conducted from October until November 2016. Sampling technique using purposive sampling, fish duo (penja) sold in market Inpres. Production of duo fish meal (penja) in Animal Husbandry Laboratory and further measured proximal level of both samples. Results: Black and white duo fish (penja) for moisture content have fulfilled the SNI of quality I that is 5.37% and 6.3%, the protein content has fulfilled the second quality SNI that is 56.6% and 54.19%, the fat content that meet the SNI the quality of I and II is 8.4% and 9.72%, the fiber content meets the SNI of quality II is 2.06% and 2.61% and the ash content meets the SNI of quality I is 10.5% and 8.9%. Conclusion: Black and white duo fish powder is higher in protein than starch. This research shows macro fish macro nutrition has fulfilled SNI I and quality II, protein is superior to fish meal

Larval fish assemblage patterns in three tributaries of Mekong River in Thailand

The assemblage patterns of larval fishes from three neighboring tributaries &lt;em&gt;viz.,&lt;/em&gt; Songkram, Gam and Mun of the Mekong River in Thailand were investigated between August 2009 and June 2010. These rivers interact with their floodplains, which are important spawning and nursery grounds for the Mekong fishes. There is no dam along the Songkram River; meanwhile the Gam River has several irrigation dams with a fish ladder at each dam site and the Mun River has a hydropower dam with a fish ladder and sluice gates that are opened during the wet season each year. A total of 97 fish species were collected from the study sites. Assemblage of Gam River was dominated by larvae of resident, black fish species. Assemblage of Mun River during sluice gate opening scheme was similar to that of Songkram River during wet season. Assemblage during flood period of Songkhram River showed the most diversity and abundance of migratory, white fish larvae. Conservation of integrity of the floodplain-river system of Songkhram River is among the crucial strategies for sustaining fish diversity and fisheries in the Lower Mekong River Basin.

Environmental impacts of food waste in Europe

Approximately 88 Million tonnes (Mt) of food is wasted in the European Union each year and the environmental impacts of these losses throughout the food supply chain are widely recognised. This study illustrates the impacts of food waste in relation to the total food utilised, including the impact from food waste management based on available data at the European level. The impacts are calculated for the Global Warming Potential, the Acidification Potential and the Eutrophication Potential using a bottom-up approach using more than 134 existing LCA studies on nine representative products (apple, tomato, potato, bread, milk, beef, pork, chicken, white fish). Results show that 186 Mt CO2-eq, 1.7 Mt SO2-eq. and 0.7 Mt PO4-eq can be attributed to food waste in Europe. This is 15 to 16% of the total impact of the entire food supply chain. In general, the study confirmed that most of the environmental impacts are derived from the primary production step of the chain. That is why animal-containing food shows most of the food waste related impacts when it is extrapolated to total food waste even if cereals are higher in mass. Nearly three quarters of all food waste-related impacts for Global Warming originate from greenhouse gas emissions during the production step. Emissions by food processing activities contribute 6%, retail and distribution 7%, food consumption, 8% and food disposal, 6% to food waste related impacts. Even though the results are subject to certain data and scenario uncertainties, the study serves as a baseline assessment, based on current food waste data, and can be expanded as more knowledge on the type and amount of food waste becomes available. Nevertheless, the importance of food waste prevention is underlined by the results of this study, as most of the impacts originate from the production step. Through food waste prevention, those impacts can be avoided as less food needs to be produced.

Histological discrimination of fresh and frozen/thawed fish meat: European hake (Merluccius merluccius) as a possible model for white meat fish species

The present study aimed at setting up a standard operating histological procedure to discriminate fresh from frozen-thawed fish products of the species Merluccius merluccius (European hake). A preliminary histological analysis of fresh M. merluccius muscle was performed to select the sampling site and highlight possible time-dependent tissue alterations during shelflife. To set a suitable operational grid for discriminating the freezing process, morphological and morphometrical parameters were assessed on 90 muscle tissue samples collected from 30 fresh, 30 experimentally frozen at −20 °C and 30 Individual Quick Frozen specimens of M. merluccius. Structural score, presence of freezing vacuoles, a number of vacuoles per field higher than 1.12 and the presence of interstitial proteinaceous material, which had achieved statistical significance in group comparisons were chosen as freezing markers. Accuracy and repeatability, assessed on the analysis of two independent operators (on-training and expert), showed high analytical specificity and sensitivity and a concordant diagnostic performance regardless the operators expertise. The grid was finally validated by a single blind test on 30 additional M. merluccius commercial products and allowed the allocation of all the samples to fresh or frozen status without inconclusive results. The method could be profitably applied against fraudulent adulteration practices.