White Fiber Research Articles

Retrosigmoid Approach: A Simple and Safe Way to Resect Intrinsic Pontomedullary Lesions.

Objectives The main objective of this article is to describe a simple and safe protocol for the microsurgical management of ventrally located intrinsic pontomedullary lesions based on the retrosigmoid approach, cortectomy performed utilizing safe entry zones of the pons and medulla, and a delicate microsurgical resection. The intraoperative protocol includes redundant procedures that provide security in decision-making during surgery. Design A prospective series of 11 cases is presented. All patients were studied following the same clinical and imaging workup. A regular retrosigmoid craniotomy surgical approach was utilized. The peritrigeminal area in the pons and the olivary area in the medulla were considered as the safe entry zones. Neuronavigation of the white fiber tracts and electrophysiological monitoring were used as intraoperative aids to locate the lesions, the safe entry zones, and the placement of the cortectomy. Results Six lesions were pontine, two medullary, and the remaining six pontomedullary. Eight lesions were cavernomas, while the remaining three tumors. Overall, we obtained a postoperative functional improvement in the affected cranial nerves in 90.1% of the patients and a total or partial recovery of long ascending or descending pathway symptoms in 72.3% of the patients. All the patients were satisfied with the procedure and the results. Conclusions Radical resection of ventral intrinsic pontomedullary lesions displays a high degree of intraoperative reliability, and a good clinical result is possible using simple surgical procedures. The anatomical references are the first element in the decision-making process during surgery.

Integration of Cotton Plant Resistance With Selected Organic Boll Weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Control Tactics

The boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is one of the key pests and limiting factors to cotton production in conventional and organic systems. We assessed the use of resistant and susceptible cotton cultivars, a neem-based insecticide (Natuneem), and trapping with an A. grandis grandis aggregation pheromone as possible control tactics. In the first of two growing seasons we evaluated resistance of colored fiber cotton cultivars BRS 200, BRS Rubi, BRS Safira, and BRS Verde, and white fiber cotton BRS Aroeira, against A. grandis grandis attack. In the second growing season we assessed three colored cotton cultivars grown in and without close association of BRS Aroeira, and two control tactics: the neem-based pesticide and trapping. Because BRS Aroeira showed resistance against A. grandis grandis in the first growing season, it was selected to be planted in close association with more susceptible colored cultivars in the second growing season. Field plots with white and colored cotton cultivars reduced the need to control A. grandis grandis using the neem-based pesticide. Control by the neem-based pesticide and by trapping were of comparable value although the traps provided measurable control during early cotton growth stages and the neem-based pesticide provided measurable control during later cotton growth stages.

Choline Based Basic Ionic Liquid (BIL)/Acidic DES Mediated Cellulose Rich Fractionation of Agricultural Waste Biomass and Valorization to 5-HMF

The present work demonstrates the efficient alkaline pre-treatment method to obtain a cellulose rich fraction from agricultural waste biomass using low cost and biocompatible aqueous choline hydroxide [Ch]OH, a basic ionic liquid (BIL) and the conversion of isolated cellulose into 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural, catalyzed by various homogeneous acidic deep eutectic solvents (DES). (a) Low cost, mild biodegradable choline hydroxide (basic ionic liquid). (b) White cellulose fibers without bleaching process. (c) Recyclable and recoverable catalysts. And (d) High yield and purity of 5-HMF.

Explicit Modeling of White Matter Axonal Fiber Tracts in a Finite Element Brain Model.

Many human brain finite element (FE) models lack mesoscopic (~ 1mm) white matter structures, which may limit their capability in predicting TBI and assessing tissue-based injury metrics such as axonal strain. This study investigated an embedded method to explicitly incorporate white matter axonal fibers into an existing 50th percentile male brain model. The white matter was decomposed into myelinated axon tracts and an isotropic ground substance that had similar material properties to gray matter. The axon tract bundles were derived from a population-based tractography template explicitly modeled using 1-D cable elements. The axonal fibers and ground substance material were implemented using hyper-viscoelastic constitutive models, which were calibrated using white and gray matter brain tissue material testing data available in the literature. Finally, the new axon-based model was extensively validated for brain-skull relative deformation under various loading conditions (n = 17) and showed good biofidelity compared to other brain models. Through these analyses, we demonstrated the applicability of this method for incorporating axonal fiber tracts into an existing FE brain model. The axon-based model will be a useful tool for understanding the mechanisms of TBI, evaluating tissue-based injury metrics, and developing injury mitigation systems.

A novel poly-oxygenated flavone glucoside from aerial parts of the Brazilian plant Neoglaziovia variegata (Bromeliaceae)

Neoglaziovia variegata is endemic to northeastern Brazil. The drought resistant plant produces edible fruits and is used as a fibre plant by rural communities in the Caatinga region where a variety of products are made from the white, soft and flexible fibres. Extracts of N. variegata have been reported to be of low toxicity and to exhibit antinociceptive effect, photoprotective potential, antioxidant effect, gastroprotective effects and antibacterial effect against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, however, the chemical constituents of this species are mainly unknown. The novel poly-oxygenated flavone glucoside 5,6,7,4'-tetrahydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxy-flavone 7-O-β-glucopyranoside in addition to the rare poly-oxygenated flavone 5,4'-dihydroxy-6,7,3'-trimethoxyflavone 4'-O-β-glucopyranoside and the flavonol quercetin 3-O-(6''-rhamnopyranosyl-β-glucopyranoside) have been characterised from the leaves of N. variegata. 5,6,7,4'-tetrahydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxy-flavone, which comprises the core structure of the novel compound, is a new flavonoid aglycone in nature. The structure determinations were based on extensive use of 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Both substances exhibited toxicity towards MOLM-13 acute myeloid leukaemia cells.

Neural Circuitry: Architecture and Function—A Fiber Dissection Study

White fiber dissection using a gyrus-based approach was performed to study the various associations, commissural, and projection fiber bundles of the brain. Ten previously frozen and formalin-fixed cadaveric human brains were included. The fiber dissection techniques described by Klingler were used. The primary dissection tools were thin handmade wooden spatulas and curved metallic spatulas with tips of various sizes. The fibers were studied by the naked eye and with the use of magnification. The various fiber bundles were studied using a gyrus-based approach. The dissection was performed through each named gyrus, and the fiber tracts encountered during dissection were identified, and their relationship to other adjacent fiber bundles was studied. From our dissections, the white fibers of the brain were divided architecturally into 5 groups-4 horizontal groups and 1 vertical group. The 4 horizontal groups were the superficial, middle, deep, and central groups. The association fibers constituted the superficial, middle, and deep groups. The commissural fibers formed the central group, and the projection fibers formed the vertical group. The course of the fiber bundles and their functional co-relationship were determined. When planning the surgical trajectory, knowledge of the location of white matter tracts is essential to help minimize the occurrence of postoperative deficits. Fiber dissection using the Klingler technique is useful in gaining an understanding of the complex 3-dimensional nature of these white matter tracts and can provide a valuable resource in neurosurgical training.

Characterization of Cassava Fiber of Different Genotypes as a Potential Reinforcement Biomaterial for Possible Tissue Engineering Composite Scaffold Application

Cassava bagasse contains considerable amount of natural single elementary cellulose fibers and white thick root fiber (thick-core fiber) that has seen frequent application in the packaging industry as reinforcement for plastic composite development. However, a review of the literature was unable to find any study that characterized the material properties (such as tensile properties) of both the single elementary and white thick-core cassava cellulose fibers), and their application as potential reinforced filler in tissue engineering scaffold development. In this study, the tensile properties, morphology, crystallinity and thermal degradation profile of non-chemically treated single elementary cellulose fibers and thick-core fibers of different cassava genotypes were investigated. Fibers were tested according to ASTM C1557 under direct tension in a standard mechanical testing system and the cross-sectional area of the fractured regions of the fibers were determined using a 3D optical microscopy method. Cassava fibers of different genotypes did not show any significant difference in tensile properties, with average tensile strength ranging from (5.1–7.3 MPa), Young’s modulus (258–333 MPa) and failure strain (3.4–4.2 %). Tensile test conducted for several gage lengths did not influence the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the fibers, however, strain-at-break depended on gage length. Single elementary and thick-core fibers showed similar surface morphology, degree of crystallinity (ranging from 21–40 %) and tensile properties with some variation in elastic modulus. Cassava fibers are thermally stable around 100–200 oC, where processing could be performed. Preliminary results showed an improvement in the mechanical properties of a gelatin scaffold when cassava cellulose microfibers were used as reinforcing fillers. The current findings show that cassava fiber has a reasonable mechanical strength, stiffness and thermal stability, and could be considered as a reinforced biomaterial to improve the mechanical integrity of tissue engineering scaffolds.

Muscle growth mechanisms in response to isoenergetic changes in dietary non-protein energy source at low and high protein levels in juvenile rainbow trout

This study investigates muscle growth mechanisms in juvenile rainbow trout in response to isoenergetic changes in dietary non-protein energy (NPE) source (F, fat vs. C, carbohydrates) at two levels of digestible protein to digestible energy (DP/DE) ratio. Fish (initial weight 32.4 g) were fed four diets having similar DE levels (~18 kJ g−1) with a high (HP/E~26 mg kJ−1) vs. low (LP/E~14 mg kJ−1) DP/DE ratio using F or C as major NPE source (7 week-experiment). The lowering of dietary DP/DE ratio increased myoblast determination protein 1a (myod1a) and decreased myostatin 1b (mstn1b) and cathepsin D (ctsd) muscle mRNA levels. The isoenergetic change in dietary NPE from F to C decreased myod1a and proliferative cell nuclear antigen (pcna) muscle mRNA levels. An interaction between DP/DE ratio and NPE source was observed in muscle transcript levels of myogenic factor 6 (mrf4/myf6), fast myosin heavy chain (fmhc) and fast myosin light chain 2 (fmlc2). White muscle total cross-sectional area decreased at low dietary DP/DE ratio and also when NPE source changed from F to C, linked i) to a decreased total number of white muscle fibres, indicating that low dietary DP/DE restricted muscle hyperplasia and that dietary carbohydrate were less efficiently used than fat to sustain muscle hyperplasia, and ii) to decreased percentage of large muscle fibres, indicating limited fibre hypertrophy. Not only the DP level or the DP/DE ratio, but also the isoenergetic change in dietary NPE source (fat vs carbohydrates) thus appears as a potent regulator of muscle hyperplasia and hypertrophy.

Test-Retest Reliability of Diffusion Measures Extracted Along White Matter Language Fiber Bundles Using HARDI-Based Tractography.

High angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI)-based tractography has been increasingly used in longitudinal studies on white matter macro- and micro-structural changes in the language network during language acquisition and in language impairments. However, test-retest reliability measurements are essential to ascertain that the longitudinal variations observed are not related to data processing. The aims of this study were to determine the reproducibility of the reconstruction of major white matter fiber bundles of the language network using anatomically constrained probabilistic tractography with constrained spherical deconvolution based on HARDI data, as well as to assess the test-retest reliability of diffusion measures extracted along them. Eighteen right-handed participants were scanned twice, one week apart. The arcuate, inferior longitudinal, inferior fronto-occipital, and uncinate fasciculi were reconstructed in the left and right hemispheres and the following diffusion measures were extracted along each tract: fractional anisotropy, mean, axial, and radial diffusivity, number of fiber orientations, mean length of streamlines, and volume. All fiber bundles showed good morphological overlap between the two scanning timepoints and the test-retest reliability of all diffusion measures in most fiber bundles was good to excellent. We thus propose a fairly simple, but robust, HARDI-based tractography pipeline reliable for the longitudinal study of white matter language fiber bundles, which increases its potential applicability to research on the neurobiological mechanisms supporting language.

Spinning System for Pineapple Leaf Fiber via Cotton Spinning System by Solo and Binary Blending and Identifying Yarn Properties

By nature, pineapple fiber (PALF) obtained from pineapple leaf is a smooth, shiny and white natural cellulosic fiber. In current investigation of spinning technique for pineapple leaf fiber based on cotton spinning method comparison of produced yarn properties has been reported. For one of the investigations of this study, the fibers were cut into staple length and various properties of fibers were analyzed. Data and results acquired from this illustrated that there is excellent spinnability on the fiber. Two separate researches were conducted with consideration to produce resultant yarn by spinning of PALF. Yarn derived by solo spinning technique of 100% PALF and PALF blending with polyester and cotton fibers through binary blending technique in equal proportion has been spun, then yarn count, tensile properties, yarn evenness, hairiness have been evaluated and analyzed. The results from numerical simulations analysis indicated that yarn obtained from the Pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) had great potential to be used in apparels.

Antibacterial Properties of White Cotton/Naturally Brown-Colored Cotton Blended Fabrics

Naturally brown-colored cotton (NBCC) fibers have been reported as having excellent antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Generally, NBCC fibers are used in blends with other fibers (e.g., white cotton fiber) to improve yarn qualities and also produce more color shades. The antibacterial properties of NBCC/white cotton blends were investigated as spunlace nonwoven fabrics in this study. Pure NBCC fiber showed antibacterial activity of 91.7% and 86.9% against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. Antibacterial activities of the blends containing greater than 70% brown cotton were very similar to those of NBCC fiber. The effects of scouring, laundering, and sunlight exposure on the antibacterial activity of the NBCC/white cotton blends were reported.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ КОЛЛЕКЦИОННЫХ ОБРАЗЦОВ ХЛОПЧАТНИКА GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L. В УСЛОВИЯХ КРАСНОДАРСКОГО КРАЯ

Background . Cotton production, processing and trade are essential part of the world economy. The acreage under cultivated cotton over the world has expanded during the past five years, while total production of cotton fiber has increased almost twice. Cotton is the most demanded natural fiber in Russia: the share of pure cotton in Russian commercial textile trade is up to 54%. Effective use of Russia's diverse climate conditions to solve priority tasks of the domestic industry and agriculture has high innovative importance, considering that the share of imported cotton in the country's total textile inputs used by its light industry is 40%. Therefore, it is urgent and important enough to evaluate the effect of soil and climate conditions in the south of Russia on cotton yield and fiber quality. Materials and methods. In 2016, a research was accomplished to evaluate the accessions of Gossypium hirsutum L. listed in the introduction catalogue in the steppe areas of Prikubanskaya Plain, Krasnodar Region (Kuban Experiment Station of VIR, Gulkevichi District), according to VIR's guidelines. The most important features of cotton fiber were estimated in the context of the trends existing on the world market (HVI testing). Results and conclusions . Accessions that produced 75 -100% of mature plants after 120 days of vegetation were described. Fiber yield of the studied white fiber accessions was not high. With some exceptions, accessions yielding naturally colored fiber had lower productivity than white fiber ones. The accession i-604984 exceeded the reference in fiber productivity, boll weight, and fiber harvest. The results of HVI tests showed that the evaluated accessions yielded fiber of good quality (4-5th type of the O'zDSt604-2001 standard, Uzbekistan). Fiber of the accessions i-604971 and i-604975 had the best strength. The fibers of all accessions demonstrated high or very high degree of uniformity in length. All white fiber accessions demonstrated normal micronaire values, quite acceptable for textile industry. Micronaire indicators of colored cotton accessions were only slightly lower than those of white fiber ones in maturity and fineness, but these differences were not significant when compared with the references.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ СТРУКТУРЫ КОРРЕЛЯЦИЙ У ЛИНИЙ ПРИЗНАКОВОЙ КОЛЛЕКЦИИ ХЛОПЧАТНИКА С ЕСТЕСТВЕННОЙ ОКРАСКОЙ ВОЛОКНА

Background . The overwhelming majority of commercial cotton cultivars have white fiber. Production of fabrics from such fiber has some disadvantages, therefore an increasing number of genotypes of cotton with the naturally colored fiber is being created around the world in the last decades. An investigation of correlations between different traits makes it possible to reveal the degree of influence of fiber color on structural and agronomic characters, and determine the possibility of creating varieties with naturally colored fiber for profitable cultivation in the north of the Astrakhan Province. Material and methods . Fourteen early lines of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) from the trait-specific collection, which have naturally colored fiber, were studied in the north of the Astrakhan Province at the Caspian Research Institute of Arid Agriculture (CRIAA). The study employed the techniques developed at VIR and took into account productivity elements and agronomic traits. The lines were created at the Prikumskaya Experiment and Breeding Station of the Stavropol Agricultural Research Institute (Budennovsk) and CRIAA on the basis of hybrids between Turkmen varieties with brown and green fiber and accessions of early white fiber cotton from Albania and Italy. Two lines had beige fiber, 6 light brown, and 6 green. Microsoft Excel 10 was used in the work. Results and Discussion . The analysis of genotypic correlations showed that due to the insufficiency of the total effective temperatures in 2013, no significant links of colored fiber with other signs were discovered. All the correlations were typical for cotton plants. In the more favorable conditions of 2014, the variability of quantitative traits increased and the correlations that were absent in the previous year were revealed. The negative correlation of fiber color with the first generative branch height (r = -0.53), and positive with the fiber yield (r = 0.57) indicate that the lines with brown fiber have a lower height of fruiting branches development (and potentially a shorter growing season) and a larger yield of fiber. By their characteristics, they approach the industrial white fiber cultivars. These results show that the creation of a cultivar with brown fiber in the near future in Russia is quite possible.

Muscle wasting and branched-chain amino acid, alpha-ketoglutarate, and ATP depletion in a rat model of liver cirrhosis.

The aim of the study was to examine whether a rat model of liver cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a suitable model of muscle wasting and alterations in amino acid metabolism in cirrhotic humans. Rats were treated by intragastric gavage of CCl4 or vehicle for 45days. Blood plasma and different muscle types-tibialis anterior (mostly white fibres), soleus (red muscle) and extensor digitorum longus (white muscle) - were analysed at the end of the study. Characteristic biomarkers of impaired hepatic function were found in the plasma of cirrhotic animals. The weights and protein contents of all muscles of CCl4-treated animals were lower when compared with controls. Increased concentrations of glutamine (GLN) and aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine and tyrosine) and decreased concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), glutamate (GLU), alanine and aspartate were found in plasma and muscles. In the soleus muscle, GLN increased more and GLU and BCAA decreased less than in the extensor digitorum and tibialis muscles. Increased chymotrypsin-like activity (indicating enhanced proteolysis) and decreased α-ketoglutarate and ATP levels were found in muscles of cirrhotic animals. ATP concentration also decreased in blood plasma. It is concluded that a rat model of CCl4-induced cirrhosis is a valid model for the investigation of hepatic cachexia that exhibits alterations in line with a theory of role of ammonia in pathogenesis of BCAA depletion, citric cycle and mitochondria dysfunction, and muscle wasting in cirrhotic subjects. The findings indicate more effective ammonia detoxification to GLN in red than in white muscles.

Influence of β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate on predominantly white and red muscles of rats not submitted to physical exercise

This study evaluated the influence of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on the body weight and morphometry of white and red muscle fibers of sedentary rats. 29 male rats were divided in: initial control group (ICG ) (n = 5), euthanized at study onset, and three treated groups (n = 8 each): placebo control group (PCG) received saline for 4 weeks; experimental group (EG) received 0.3 g kg -1 of HMB daily and controlled diet; and experimental group ad libitum , (EGA) received 0.3g kg -1 of HMB daily, without food restriction. There was no difference in food intake and body weight between treated groups. For the EDL muscle, treated groups were different from ICG. Concerning the soleus muscle, no treated group was different from each other and only the EGA presented difference compared to the ICG. Data also did not reveal correlation between the variables food intake and body weight. HMB did not change the body weight or morphometry of EDL muscle fibers. However, the HMB combined with ad libitum feeding was able to change the morphometry of soleus muscle fibers.

Resistance of cotton genotypes to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by the straw and oxalic acid tests

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of the straw and oxalic acid tests to identify resistance levels of white and colored cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) genotypes to white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum). Ten genotypes were evaluated: five with colored fiber, four with white fiber, and a white-fiber susceptible genotype. The genotypes MAB-1 with white fiber and MAC-2 with colored fiber were the most resistant to white mold, according to the immersion in oxalic acid and straw tests, respectively. These genotypes can be recommended as resistance sources for breeding programs. Both assessed tests are complementary to each other; however, the straw test is more efficient in evaluating the resistance of cotton genotypes to white mold.

Evaluation of the critical safety temperature of nitrocellulose in different forms

Evaluating the critical safety temperature of nitrocellulose is necessary to reduce the possibility of nitrocellulose accidents (thermal explosion and fire) and to implement effective loss prevention. In the present study, isothermal and non-isothermal experiments were performed on different forms of nitrocellulose using a differential scanning calorimeter. A scanning electron microscope was utilized to detect the aging process of nitrocellulose under different constant temperatures. Thermodynamic parameters were simulated by thermal safety software, and the results indicated that autocatalytic simulation rather than nth order simulation was applicable to assess the apparent activation energy of nitrocellulose samples. Moreover, iso-conversional methods, including Kissiger–Akahira–Sunose, Ozawa–Flynn–Wall, Friedman, Tang et al. and distributed activation energy model methods, were employed to validate the simulated activation energy. The average activation energy calculated by the five iso-conversional methods was lower than that simulated by autocatalytic simulation. Moreover, critical storage temperatures, including the time to maximum rate and the time to conversion limit, were evaluated. It was found that the critical storage temperatures of nitrocellulose in white chip form were lower than that of nitrocellulose in white silky fibre form. Finally, the critical thermal explosion temperatures of two samples were calculated, and it was concluded the temperature of nitrocellulose in white silky fibre form was about 5.0 °C higher than that of nitrocellulose in white chip form.

Preservation of feather fibers from the Late Cretaceous dinosaur Shuvuuia deserti raises concern about immunohistochemical analyses on fossils

White fibers from a Late Cretaceous dinosaur Shuvuuia deserti stained positive for β-keratin antibodies in a 1999 paper, followed by many similar immunological claims for Mesozoic protein in bones and integument. Antibodies recognize protein epitopes derived from its tertiary and quaternary structure, so such results would suggest long polypeptide preservation allowing for sequencing with palaeobiological implications. However, proteins are relatively unstable biomacromolecules that readily hydrolyze and amino acids exhibit predictable instability under diagenetic heat and pressure. Furthermore, antibodies can yield false positives. We reanalyzed a Shuvuuia fiber using focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, and laser-stimulated fluorescence imaging, finding it to be inorganic and composed mainly of calcium phosphate. Our findings are inconsistent with any protein or other original organic substance preservation in the Shuvuuia fiber, suggesting that immunohistochemistry may be inappropriate for analyzing fossils due to issues with false positives and a lack of controls.

Performance of Sand Reinforced with White Coir Fibre

Coconut fibre or more commonly known as coir fibre is obtained from the outer shell of coconut. The production of coconut in Malaysia is the fourth important industrial crop after oil palm, rubber and paddy field. However, wastes generated by the coconut are almost fully utilised as by-products and reinforcing material for soil. In fact, the availability of the coconut waste in Malaysia makes it suitable for soil reinforcing material purposes. Problem that sometimes occurs is to dispose this big, heavy and hard coconut at landfill area. It may require more space to go through landfill method. Disposal of this waste material is vital as it can affect the environment. Therefore, by using part of the coconut component can help to overcome this problem. In this research, white coir fibre was utilized as the reinforcing material to sandy soil to suit the backfill material for earth retaining structure that is related to road infrastructure. The lengths of the white coir fibre were fixed at some length according to its orientation such as random, vertical and horizontal. Shear strength parameter were tested using Direct Shear Test. In this research, inclusion of white coir fibre in sandy soil shows enhancement of the shear strength parameter such internal friction angle of soil regardless of its orientation. However, there is no clear relationship between the effect of white coir fibres orientations to the shear strength of sandy soil.

Expression and glucocorticoid-dependent regulation of the stress-inducible protein DRR1 in the mouse adult brain

Identifying molecular targets that are able to buffer the consequences of stress and therefore restore brain homeostasis is essential to develop treatments for stress-related disorders. Down-regulated in renal cell carcinoma 1 (DRR1) is a unique stress-induced protein in the brain and has been recently proposed to modulate stress resilience. Interestingly, DRR1 shows a prominent expression in the limbic system of the adult mouse. Here, we analyzed the neuroanatomical and cellular expression patterns of DRR1 in the adult mouse brain using in situ hybridization, immunofluorescence and Western blot. Abundant expression of DRR1 mRNA and protein was confirmed in the adult mouse brain with pronounced differences between distinct brain regions. The strongest DRR1 signal was detected in the neocortex, the CA3 region of the hippocampus, the lateral septum and the cerebellum. DRR1 was also present in circumventricular organs and its connecting regions. Additionally, DRR1 was present in non-neuronal tissues like the choroid plexus and ependyma. Within cells, DRR1 protein was distributed in a punctate pattern in several subcellular compartments including cytosol, nucleus as well as some pre- and postsynaptic specializations. Glucocorticoid receptor activation (dexamethasone 10 mg/kg s.c.) induced DRR1 expression throughout the brain, with particularly strong induction in white matter and fiber tracts and in membrane-rich structures. This specific expression pattern and stress modulation of DRR1 point to a role of DRR1 in regulating how cells sense and integrate signals from the environment and thus in restoring brain homeostasis after stressful challenges.