White Fiber Research Articles

Research on the properties of dope-dyed bamboo pulp staple fibers

In order to understand the properties of the dope-dyed bamboo pulp staple fibers, the moisture regains, tensile properties, friction properties and electrical conductivity of them and the white bamboo pulp fiber were tested, compared and analyzed. The results show that the moisture regains of the dope-dyed bamboo pulp fibers are smaller than the white bamboo pulp fiber's, whereas their friction coefficients, breaking strengths and elongations and mass ratio resistances are a bit larger.

Biochemical changes in fiber naturally colored cottonseeds during storage

Abstract: The cotton seeds deterioration process with different chemical composition, in distinct environments is essential to the definition of adequate methods for storage. The deterioration involves cellular, metabolic and chemical changes and the behavior of the seeds' antioxidant defense system has an important role to control the speed and intensity of this process. The colored fiber of cottonseeds cv. BRS Verde and white fiber cv. BRS 187-8H were stored under controlled environment conditions (10 °C, 25 °C and 30 °C) for one year. The seeds were assessed for physiological quality, presence of microorganisms, chemical composition, oil and tocopherol contents by 90 day intervals. The cottonseed physiological potential began to decrease on day 90 particularly when the storage is carried out at 25 to 30 °C. Changes in lipid content and tocopherol are associated with the reduction of physiological quality. At temperatures above 25 °C the deterioration of cottonseeds is improved and decreases their physiological quality. Reduction in fat content and tocopherol and an increase in acidity and peroxide indicate loss of quality during storage.

Surgery of insular and paralimbic diffuse low-grade gliomas: technical considerations.

Once considered a "no man's land" especially when invaded by a diffuse low grade glioma (DLGG), the insula remains to this day a surgical challenge. Surgery for insular DLGG involves consideration of its hidden location under the potentially eloquent operculae, the proximity to vascular tree and high density of functions not only in the insular cortex but also in the white fiber pathways passing under the insular lobe. The natural history of DLGG and the potential benefits and consequences of the surgical approach also need a close look. In the last decade, a better knowledge of the functional anatomy and connectivity of this region, as well as an improvement in surgical techniques as direct stimulation mapping, combined with an increasing literature showing a favorable impact of maximal resection for DLGG, were deciding factors in the paradigmatic shift from expectative treatment to early surgical management. Here, our goal is to discuss the structural and functional aspects of the insula, the specificities of insular and paralimbic DLGG by emphasizing the technical considerations of surgery in this region, as well as its oncological and functional outcomes. In summary, this new strategy based upon early maximal safe surgical resection showed both oncological benefit and preservation of quality of life-or even an improvement thanks to epilepsy relief.

67.9 W high-power white supercontinuum all-fiber laser source.

We present a high-power white supercontinuum (SC) all-fiber laser source with average power of 67.9 W, spectrum ranging from 500 to 1700 nm, and spectral width exceeding 1000 nm for spectrum with flatness below 10 dB (except pump wavelength). Also, the visible waveband power (below 850 nm) occupies about 21% of the total SC power. A 145 W high-power picosecond pulse fiber laser is specially designed with high repetition frequency of 656 MHz to reduce nonlinear effects. Meanwhile, a homemade high-power mode field adaptor that can operate stably at hundreds of watts of pulse power has high coupling efficiency of 82%. To our knowledge, the 67.9 W white SC fiber laser source we achieved is the highest reported with such a wide and flat optical spectrum.

Apply of RetCam Ⅱ and color Doppler imaging in persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous

To observe the manifestations of RetCam Ⅱ and color Doppler imaging (CDI) in a retrospective case series of persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV). Retrospective study. The medical records of 9 eyes/9 patients with PHPV went through RetCamⅡ and CDI from 2009 to 2014. There were 6 young boys and 3 young girl in this study, age from 2 months to 5 years. All the patients were born at full term. 9 eyes had complication (cataract). The manifestations of RetCam Ⅱ: There were pale in optic disc. There were white fibre rod connected with optic disc, then prolonged to vitreous cavity, connected with posterior lens capsule. CDI showed arterial blood stream signal in band-shaped echogenic structure within vitreous cavity, prolonged to lens from the optic disc, or showed funnel-shaped echogenic mass at the posterior surface of lens and anterior of vitreous body, adhered to ciliary body, lens and the optic disc. PHPV is congenital ocular anomalies because of a failure of primary vitreous and the hyaloids vascular system to regress. It manifests as unilateral and boys. We diagnosis PHPV by RetCamⅡ and CDI.

Characterization of Microwave Liquefied Bamboo Residue and Its Potential Use in the Generation of Nanofibrillated Cellulosic Fiber

Bamboo raw feedstocks with large particle size (20–80 mesh) were subjected to a microwave liquefaction system, and the liquefied products were separated into biopolyols and liquefied residues. Biopolyols were first analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and the main components were sugar derivatives with 2–4 hydroxyl groups and phenolic compounds derived from lignin. The residues were collected and evaluated for potential use in the production of nanofibrillated cellulosic fibers. Results show that liquefied residue content as well as its physicochemical properties varied with respect to particle size, liquefaction temperature, and reaction time. It was also found that residues from liquefaction reaction with the minimum residue content in this study still exhibited traced fiber structure with remaining cellulose attached with recondensed lignin. Pure white cellulose fibers were extracted from the residues with yield of 65.61% using a combination of bleaching and acid hydrolysis treatment. Nanofibrillated cellulosic fibers were generated by given the purified cellulose fibers to high-intensity ultrasonic treatment. The resulted nanofibrillated cellulosic fibers had a range of 4–18 nm in diameter and length of 550 nm or longer, indicating the nanofibers obtained from liquefied bamboo residues hold great potential in reinforcing polymeric matrix materials. The successful isolation of nanofibrillated cellulosic fibers from liquefied residues offers a novel approach to make full use of the liquefied bamboo for value-added green products.

Plastic ingestion by estuarine mullet Mugil cephalus (Mugilidae) in an urban harbour, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Coastal urban environments have high plastic pollution levels, and hence interactions between plastic debris and marine life are frequent. We report on plastic ingestion by mullet Mugil cephalus in Durban Harbour, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Of 70 mullet (13.0–19.5 cm total length), 73% had plastic particles in their guts, with a mean of 3.8 particles per fish (SD 4.7). Plastic ingestion showed no relation to digestive tract content or fish length. White and clear plastic fibres were ingested most commonly. This urban population of M. cephalus had a higher incidence of plastic ingestion than has been reported in studies on fish from other coastal areas or the oceanic environment.

KEPADATAN DAN SEBARAN TERITIP (Amphibalanus spp.) DI PELABUHAN KOTA DUMAI

Barnacle (Amphibalanus spp.) density and distribution implemented in September-November 2013 in the port of Dumai, Riau, which aims to explore the causes of inequality in the spatial distribution of density Barnacles (Amphibalanus spp). in different media attachment were influenced by marine environmental conditions in the port of Dumai. Barnacle density observation method in this study is the stratified random sampling method using wood, fiber and iron as a media attachment. The results showed the existence of inequality Barnacle density (Amphibalanus spp). on the media attachment with different types and colors. The highest average Barnacle density was found in colorless timber, which ranges between 265-506 ind/m2. While the lowest average Barnacle density was found in white fiber and it ranged between 25-68 ind/m2.

DIROFILARIASIS OF OCULAR ADNEXA AND ORBIT

Актуальность. Дирофиляриоз – редкий вид гельминтоза, вызываемого нематодами Dirofilaria repens и Dirofilaria immitis. Чаще всего личинка дирофилярия располагается под конъюнктивой. В этом случае диагноз не вызывает затруднения. При локализации гельминта в тканях век или орбиты, как правило, устанавливается ошибочный диагноз новообразования.

High resistance to thermal decomposition in brown cotton is linked to tannins and sodium content

Brown cotton fibers (SA-1 and MC-BL) studied were inferior to a white cotton fiber (Sure-Grow 747) in fiber quality, i.e., a shorter length, fewer twists, and lower crystallinity, but showed superior thermal resistance in thermogravimetric, differential thermogravimetric, and microscale combustion calorimetric (MCC) analyses. Brown cotton fibers yielded 11–23 % smaller total heat release and 20–40 % greater char. Washing fibers in water and a 1 % NaOH solution showed that rich natural inorganic components and the condensed tannins present in brown cotton are responsible for the unusual thermal property. The loss of inorganics from white cotton during a water wash increased the thermal decomposition temperature of cellulose, resulting in no char yield. However, the stronger binding of metal ions for brown cotton as well as its dominant adsorption of sodium ions after a 1 % NaOH wash facilitated the low-temperature thermal-reaction route; the sodium content showed a significant negative correlation with the heat release capacity of the fiber. Condensed tannins greatly enhanced the adsorption of sodium ions to the fiber and exhibited inherent thermal stability. The limiting oxygen indices (LOI) calculated from the MCC parameters indicated the slower burning characteristic of brown cotton, and its LOI was further increased upon adsorption of sodium ions.

Effect of the early temperature on the growth of larvae and postlarvae turbot, Scophthalmus maximus L.: muscle structural and ultrastructural study.

Turbot specimens were kept at three temperatures (T s ): warm (W) (21-22°C), ambient (A) (17-18°C) and cold (C) (13-14°C) during the larval and early postlarval stages. At 90days posthatching (dph), all of them were transferred to ambient T until 190dph. At 2-3dph, the specimens showed a monolayer of red muscle and immature white fibres; external or dermomyotome cells (presumptive myogenic cells) were observed on the surface of the red muscle. In the following stages, many myogenic cells and presumptive myogenic precursors were observed within the myotome, presumably derived of the dermomyotome. When comparing the growth at the same age (2, 10, 25, 37dph), the body length and the muscle growth were positively influenced by the warm T, being the hyperplasia the muscle parameter more significantly influenced. The development rate was also positively correlated with the high T: the beginning of the metamorphosis took place at 15, 23 and 25dph at W, A and C temperatures, respectively, with the highest body length values at ambient temperature. The metamorphosis finished at 25, 30 and 37dph at W, A and C temperatures, respectively, with the highest body length values at warm temperature. However, the muscle cellularity was similar in all the groups at the end of the metamorphosis. At 90 and 190dph, the largest body length was observed at W temperature. However, the muscle cellularity was similar between A and W; the number of fibres was similar in all the groups at 190dph, which shows the beginning of a compensatory muscle growth in A and C, mainly in A.

The adductor pectoral fin muscle of Micropogonias furnieri (Perciformes: Sciaenidae): a morphological and histochemical study

Fil: Hernandez, Maria Sol. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina

Comparative Phenotypic Analysis of Gossypium raimondii with Upland Cotton

Gossypium raimondii Ulbrich, a wild diploid species of cotton, was sequenced due to its small genome size and similarity with the cultivated allotetraploid Upland cotton. The D-genome of G. raimondii has become the reference sequence used extensively in cotton genomic and genetic studies. However, phenotypic information is limited because photoperiodicity prevents flowering outside its native environment and its fiber quality cannot be measured by conventional methods. Fiber and seed properties of G. raimondii were measured and compared with those of Upland cotton cultivars. Fiber length, fineness, cellulose content, and seed lint percentage were all significantly reduced in G. raimondii compared to Upland cotton, whereas fiber maturities were comparable. Spectophotometric properties of G. raimondii fibers were similar to green Upland cotton fibers but differed from white and brown Upland fibers. Seed kernels of G. raimondii were smaller but their chemical compositions were similar to those of Upland cotton. Quantitative traits of G. raimondii will aid in interpreting its genome and accelerating comparative genomics approaches for identifying potential genes regulating fiber and kernel properties among Gossypium species.

Posterolateral portal tibial tunnel drilling for posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: technique and evaluation of safety and tunnel position.

To evaluate the safety for neurovascular structures and accuracy for tunnel placement of the posterolateral portal tibial tunnel drilling technique in posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction. Fifteen fresh-frozen human cadaveric knees were used. The tibial tunnel for the PCL was created using a flexible reamer from the posterolateral portal. Then, the flexible pin was left in place, and the distance from the posterolateral portal, the flexible pin, and the tibial tunnel to the peroneal nerve and popliteal artery was measured. Additionally, the distance between the tibial tunnel and several landmarks related to the PCL footprint was measured, along with the distance from the exit point of the flexible pin to the superficial medial collateral ligament and gracilis tendon. The peroneal nerve and the popliteal neurovascular bundle were not damaged in any of the specimens. The median (range) distance in mm from the peroneal nerve and popliteal artery to the posterolateral portal and flexible pin was: 52 (40-80) and 50 (40-61), and 35 (26-51) and 22 (16-32), respectively. The median (range) distance from the tibial tunnel to the popliteal artery was 21mm (15-38). The tibial tunnel was located at a median (range) distance in mm of 3 (2-6), 6 (3-12), 5 (2-7), 4 (1-8), 9 (3-10), 10 (4-19), and 19 (6-24) to the champagne-glass drop-off, lateral cartilage point, shiny white fibre point, medial groove, medial meniscus posterior root, lateral meniscus posterior root, and posterior aspect of the anterior cruciate ligament, respectively. The posterolateral portal tibial tunnel technique is safe relative to neurovascular structures and creates an anatomically appropriate tibial tunnel location. The clinical relevance of study is that this technique may be safely and accurately used in PCL reconstruction to decrease the risk of neurovascular damage (avoid use of a posteriorly directed pin), avoid the use of intraoperative fluoroscopy, and avoid the sharp turn during graft passage.

Divergência genética entre genitores de algodoeiro de fibras brancas e coloridas

The presence of genetic variability is critical to the success of any breeding program premise. In this sense, the adoption of methods, which are able to identify different populations, is of paramount importance. The present study was conducted to identify the genetic divergence between cotton cultivars of white fiber and colored fibers, well as the importance of the characteristics to genetic diversity, through multivariate techniques. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block, spaced 1.25 m between rows and 0.25 between plants and five plants per plot. Collected data were analyzed by ANOVA and subsequently proceeded to the analysis of divergence by D2, Tocher and canonical variables. The most divergent cultivars, involving different groups, was between the BRS Verde and BRS Buriti, followed by BRS 293 and BRS. Smaller distances were obtained between cultivars of white fiber. The features reliability index, percentage of fibers, cottonseed weight and weight cotton lint were more important for the genetic divergence between the parents.

Methodology for computing white matter nerve fiber orientation in human histological slices

BackgroundThe gold standard for mapping nerve fiber orientation in white matter of the human brain is histological analysis through biopsy. Such mappings are a crucial step in validating non-invasive techniques for assessing nerve fiber orientation in the human brain by using diffusion MRI. However, the manual extraction of nerve fiber directions of histological slices is tedious, time consuming, and prone to human error. New methodThe presented semi-automated algorithm first creates a binary-segmented mask of the nerve fibers in the histological image, and then extracts an estimate of average directionality of nerve fibers through a Fourier-domain analysis of the masked image. It also generates an uncertainty level for its estimate of average directionality. Results and comparison with existing methodsThe average orientations of the semi-automatic method were first compared to a qualitative expert opinion based on visual inspection of nerve fibers. A weighted RMS difference between the expert estimate and the algorithmically determined angle (weighted by expert's confidence in his estimate) was 15.4°, dropping to 9.9° when only cases with an expert confidence level of greater than 50% were included. The algorithmically determined angles were then compared with angles extracted using a manual segmentation technique, yielding an RMS difference of 11.2°. ConclusionThe presented semi-automated method is in good agreement with both qualitative and quantitative manual expert-based approaches for estimating directionality of nerve fibers in white matter from images of stained histological slices of the human brain.

Secure attachment status is associated with white matter integrity in healthy young adults.

The present study investigates associations between security of attachment in the mother-child relationship and patterns of brain connectivity in young adults. We hypothesized that secure attachment would relate to more efficient connectivity in white matter association fibers due to increased myelination. Attachment security was measured in 53 young adults using the Kerns Security Scale; anatomical information was acquired using diffusion tensor imaging. Higher fractional anisotropy, an index of directionality of diffusion, related to security of attachment in four left-hemisphere white matter association fibers (uncinate fasciculus, cingulum, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus). As expected, this result was mainly ascribable to increased myelination, which has been independently associated with attachment security. Security of attachment may have an identifiable biological basis. Our research demonstrates the feasibility of coupling neuroimaging tools with clinical investigation.

Utility of diffusion tensor imaging studies linked to neuronavigation and other modalities in repeat hemispherotomy for intractable epilepsy.

OBJECT Hemispherectomy for unilateral, medically refractory epilepsy is associated with excellent long-term seizure control. However, for patients with recurrent seizures following disconnection, workup and investigation can be challenging, and surgical options may be limited. Few studies have examined the role of repeat hemispherotomy in these patients. The authors hypothesized that residual fiber connections between the hemispheres could be the underlying cause of recurrent epilepsy in these patients. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to test this hypothesis, and to target residual connections at reoperation using neuronavigation. METHODS The authors identified 8 patients with recurrent seizures following hemispherectomy who underwent surgery between 1995 and 2012. Prolonged video electroencephalography recordings documented persistent seizures arising from the affected hemisphere. In all patients, DTI demonstrated residual white matter association fibers connecting the hemispheres. A repeat craniotomy and neuronavigation-guided targeted disconnection of these residual fibers was performed. Engel class was used to determine outcome after surgery at a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. RESULTS Two patients underwent initial hemidecortication and 6 had periinsular hemispherotomy as their first procedures at a median age of 9.7 months. Initial pathologies included hemimegalencephaly (n = 4), multilobar cortical dysplasia (n = 3), and Rasmussen's encephalitis (n = 1). The mean duration of seizure freedom for the group after the initial procedure was 32.5 months (range 6-77 months). In all patients, DTI showed limited but definite residual connections between the 2 hemispheres, primarily across the rostrum/genu of the corpus callosum. The median age at reoperation was 6.8 years (range 1.3-14 years). The average time taken for reoperation was 3 hours (range 1.8-4.3 hours), with a mean blood loss of 150 ml (range 50-250 ml). One patient required a blood transfusion. Five patients are seizure free, and the remaining 3 patients are Engel Class II, with a minimum follow-up of 24 months for the group. CONCLUSIONS Repeat hemispherotomy is an option for consideration in patients with recurrent intractable epilepsy following failed surgery for catastrophic epilepsy. In conjunction with other modalities to establish seizure onset zones, advanced MRI and DTI sequences may be of value in identifying patients with residual connectivity between the affected and unaffected hemispheres. Targeted disconnection of these residual areas of connectivity using neuronavigation may result in improved seizure outcomes, with minimal and acceptable morbidity.

Reduced white matter MRI transverse relaxation rate in cognitively normal H63D-HFE human carriers and H67D-HFE mice.

Mutations within the HFE protein gene sequence have been associated with increased risk of developing a number of neurodegenerative disorders. To this effect, an animal model has been created which incorporates the mouse homologue to the human H63D-HFE mutation: the H67D-HFE knock-in mouse. These mice exhibit alterations in iron management proteins, have increased neuronal oxidative stress, and a disruption in cholesterol regulation. However, it remains undetermined how these differences translate to human H63D carriers in regards to white matter (WM) integrity. To this endeavor, MRI transverse relaxation rate (R2) parametrics were employed to test the hypothesis that WM alterations are present in H63D human carriers and are recapitulated in the H67D mice. H63D carriers exhibit widespread reductions in brain R2 compared to non-carriers within white matter association fibers in the brain. Similar R2 decreases within white matter tracts were observed in the H67D mouse brain. Additionally, an exacerbation of age-related R2 decrease is found in the H67D animal model in white matter regions of interest. The decrease in R2 within white matter tracts of both species is speculated to be multifaceted. The R2 changes are hypothesized to be due to alterations in axonal biochemical tissue composition. The R2 changes observed in both the human-H63D and mouse-H67D data suggest that modified white matter myelination is occurring in subjects with HFE mutations, potentially increasing vulnerability to neurodegenerative disorders.

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) at zebrafish red and white muscle show different properties during development.

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are highly expressed at the vertebrate neuromuscular junction (NMJ) where they are required for muscle activation. Understanding the factors that underlie NMJ development is critical for a full understanding of muscle function. In this study we performed whole cell and outside-out patch clamp recordings, and single-cell RT-qPCR from zebrafish red and white muscle to examine the properties of nAChRs during the first 5 days of development. In red fibers miniature endplate currents (mEPCs) exhibit single exponential time courses at 1.5 days postfertilization (dpf) and double exponential time courses from 2 dpf onwards. In white fibers, mEPCs decay relatively slowly, with a single exponential component at 1.5 dpf. By 2 and 3 dpf, mEPC kinetics speed up, and decay with a double exponential component, and by 4 dpf the exponential decay reverts back to a single component. Single channel recordings confirm the presence of two main conductance classes of nAChRs (∼45 pS and ∼65 pS) in red fibers with multiple time courses. Two main conductance classes are also present in white fibers (∼55 pS and ∼73 pS), but they exhibit shorter mean open times by 5 dpf compared with red muscle. RT-qPCR of mRNA for nicotinic receptor subunits supports a switch from γ to ε subunits in white fibers but not in red. Our findings provide a developmental profile of mEPC properties from red and white fibers in embryonic and larval zebrafish, and reveal previously unknown differences between the NMJs of these muscle fibers.© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 916-936, 2016.