White Enrollment Research Articles

Mass-Level Compliance with Public Policy: The Case of School Desegregation

Previous articleNext article No AccessArticlesMass-Level Compliance with Public Policy: The Case of School DesegregationMichael W. Giles and Douglas S. GatlinMichael W. Giles Search for more articles by this author and Douglas S. Gatlin Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Politics Volume 42, Number 3Aug., 1980 Sponsored by the Southern Political Science Association Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2307/2130550 Views: 14Total views on this site Citations: 16Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1980 Southern Political Science AssociationPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Bin Guan, Guoxian Bao, Qingchuan Liu, Raduziner Gary Raymond Two-Way Risk Communication, Public Value Consensus, and Citizens’ Policy Compliance Willingness About COVID-19: Multilevel Analysis Based on a Nudge View, Administration & Society 53, no.77 (Feb 2021): 1106–1149.https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399721990332Andrew Menger, Robert M. Stein Enlisting the Public in Facilitating Election Administration: A Field Experiment, Public Administration Review 78, no.66 (Sep 2017): 892–903.https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12833Jiannan Wu, Yuqian Yang, Pan Zhang, Liang Ma Households’ Noncompliance With Resettlement Compensation In Urban China: Toward An Integrated Approach, International Public Management Journal 21, no.22 (Apr 2017): 272–296.https://doi.org/10.1080/10967494.2017.1301606Jeremy R. Porter, Frank M. Howell, Lynn M. Hempel Old Times Are Not Forgotten, Social Problems 61, no.44 (Nov 2014): 576–601.https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.2014.11155Scott Barclay, Thomas Birkland Law, Policymaking, and the Policy Process: Closing the Gaps, Policy Studies Journal 26, no.22 (Jun 1998): 227–243.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1998.tb01896.xJames F. Spriggs Explaining Federal Bureaucratic Compliance with Supreme Court Opinions, Political Research Quarterly 50, no.33 (Jul 2016): 567–593.https://doi.org/10.1177/106591299705000305Lauren Bowen Attorney Advertising in the Wake of Bates V. State Bar of Arizona (1977), American Politics Quarterly 23, no.44 (Nov 2016): 461–484.https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673X9502300406 Donald Philip Green , and Jonathan A. Cowden Who Protests: Self-Interest and White Opposition to Busing, The Journal of Politics 54, no.22 (Oct 2015): 471–496.https://doi.org/10.2307/2132035David O. Sears, Carolyn L. Funk The Role of Self-Interest in Social and Political Attitudes, (Jan 1991): 1–91.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60327-5 Michael W. Spicer , and Edward W. Hill Evaluating Parental Choice in Public Education: Policy beyond the Monopoly Model, American Journal of Education 98, no.22 (Oct 2015): 97–113.https://doi.org/10.1086/443948Arthur S. Evans The Relationship between Industrialization and White Hostility toward Blacks in Southern Cities: 1865-1910, Urban Affairs Quarterly 25, no.22 (Aug 2016): 322–341.https://doi.org/10.1177/004208168902500207 Charles L. Prysby Attitudes of Southern Democratic Party Activists Toward Jesse Jackson: The Effects of the Local Context, The Journal of Politics 51, no.22 (Oct 2015): 305–318.https://doi.org/10.2307/2131343JOHN BOOKS, CHARLES PRYSBY STUDYING CONTEXTUAL EFFECTS ON POLITICAL BEHAVIOR, American Politics Quarterly 16, no.22 (Nov 2016): 211–238.https://doi.org/10.1177/004478088016002005David R. Morgan, Robert E. England White Enrollment Loss, American Politics Quarterly 12, no.22 (Apr 1984): 241–264.https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673X8401200207Dan Thomas, Larry A. Baas PRESIDENTIAL IDENTIFICATION AND MASS-PUBLIC COMPLIANCE WITH OFFICIAL POLICY: THE CASE OF THE CARTER ENERGY PROGRAM*, Policy Studies Journal 10, no.33 (Sep 2005): 448–465.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1982.tb00696.xMichiharu OKAZAKI, Shouhei INOUE, Katsumi OGATA , Nishi Nihon Hifuka 44, no.55 (Jan 1982): 824–831.https://doi.org/10.2336/nishinihonhifu.44.824

Urban school desegregation and declines in white enrollment: A reexamination

This paper presents a reexamination of James Coleman et al.'s study of white enrollment losses from desegregating urban school districts over the period 1968–1973. New equations are estimated using a different measure of desegregation, additional explanatory variables, and modified samples. The earlier conclusion that desegregation has been a significant stimulant of white enrollment losses in the largest central city districts is supported, although this overall effect comes almost entirely from districts in which black-white contact exceeds a threshold level. In addition, the age structure of the district's white population and the geographical coverage of the district are significant in explaining white losses for some samples.

White Enrollment Stability and School Desegregation: A Two-Level Analysis

Recent studies have provided conflicting evidence on the relationship between school desegregation and white enrollment stability. Pettigrew and Green (1976), Farley (1975), Rossell (1976) and Fitzgerald and Morgan (1977) have found desegregation to be unrelated to white enrollment stability. In contrast Bosco and Robin (1974), Lord (1975), Coleman et al. (1975), Munford (1976), Clotfelter (1976) and Giles (1977a; 1977b) have reported declines in white student enrollment concurrent with desegregation. The appropriate query therefore should probably not be whether school desegregation leads to white flight, but instead attention ought to focus on the conditions under which white enrollments decrease as a result of desegregation. Among the most frequently cited correlates of white withdrawal is the level of black concentration. There is disagreement, however, about the structure of this relationship. Some studies have found a linear relationship, whereas others have suggested the presence of a tipping point beyond which white withdrawal accelerates and schools become all-black. The present study reexamines the relationship between percent black enrollment and white enrollment change at both the district and the school levels. The analysis focuses on 60 districts and approximately 1,600 schools located in Southern SMSAs. Higher percent black enrollments are found to be associated with the rate of white withdrawal at both the district and the school levels. In both cases this relationship appears to be curvilinear with white withdrawals increasing exponentially with black enrollments over 30%.

The Effect of School Integration on Community Integration

The evidence presented in this study of 113 school districts in the U.S. from 1964 or earlier to 1975–76 suggests that school desegregation has a disintegrative effect during implementation and an integrative effect in post-implementation years. Although there is white flight from school desegregation in the year of implementation, post-implementation year losses tend to be less than normal. Assessing flight over a five-year period indicates the total loss is reduced to zero or even a benefit in all but city school districts that are 35 percent black or greater. In these school districts, the most extensive plans involving white reassignments to formerly black schools still exhibit an additional white enrollment loss of almost 6 percent over the five-year period. Nevertheless, this is less than half the implementation year loss. School desegregation is related to residential integration. Evidence from previous studies indicates that after school desegregation black parents often move into white neighborhoods to be near their child's new school assignment. The evidence presented here is nonconclusive but it suggests there is a reciprocal relationship between school integration and residential integration. School districts with more residential integration are more likely to reassign students for the purposes of school desegregation but this school desegregation may be related to subsequent residential integration.

Level and Rate of Desegregation and White Enrollment Decline in a Big City School District

Review of the literature on “white flight” from desegregated schools indicated that recent controversies have been partly resolved through agreement that this is most likely to occur in city districts with high proportions of minority students surrounded by largely white suburbs. Enrollment data from 1956 to 1974 for the Kansas City, Missouri Public Schools were examined to test this hypothesis. The findings were consistent with the conclusion that white enrollment decline tended to accelerate in schools with a relatively high percentage of black students (above about 30%) and/or a recent rapid increase in the percentage of black students.

Level and Rate of Desegregation and White Enrollment Decline in a Big City School District

Level and Rate of Desegregation and White Enrollment Decline in a Big City School District

School Desegregation in Large Cities: A Critique of the Coleman "White Flight" Thesis

In this article, Thomas Pettigrew and Robert Green closely examine sociologist James S. Coleman's research and public statements on the relationship between school desegregation and white school enrollment. Describing their own study and other studies whose findings diverge from Coleman's, they contend that Coleman's research is methodologically and conceptually faulty and that it provides no basis for his highly publicized conclusion that urban school desegregation leads to massive"white flight." Rather, they argue, his and others' research tends to support metropolitan solutions to school segregation. The authors criticize Coleman for failing to distinguish between his scientific findings and his personal beliefs and go on to comment more generally on the delicate relationship between social science and the mass media.

The Relative Enrollment of Negroes in Higher Educational Institutions in the United States

The purpose of this chapter is threefold: first, to ascertain the number of Negroes and whites who were enrolled in institutions of higher learning in the Census year, 1950; second, to determine the relative increase of enrollment in higher institutions in 1950 over 1940, and third, to discuss some of the factors responsible for the disparity between Negro and white enrollment, and point out some of the implications of this disparity for the cultural status of the Negro and for the public welfare. The main sources of data employed here are the 1940 and 1950 Census figures, although data from other sources such as the U. S. Office of Education statistical summaries and the annual enrollment survey published by the JOURNAL OF NEGRO EDUCATION are also utilized. The census data have certain definite limitations and advantages. In addition to the limitations noted later, the census data have the advantage of providing information concerning non-whites who attended the non-segregated schools of the North and West. Unfortunately, the other sources of data merely gave information on the number of Negroes who attended the segregated schools of the South. In view of the limitations of the sources of data, it should be observed that no absolutely exact statement of enrollment either for whites or nonwhites can be given. However, the data do make it possible to obtain a fairly accurate relative statement on the general enrollment of Negroes. Again, it should be noted that the nature of the data is not sufficiently refined to go into much of any detail concerning categories of enrollment, such as the various types of professional training. Some of this information, however, will be given in the chapter on the Negro in the professions.