White Crown Research Articles

War and Peace in Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt

The process of formation of the first state in ancient Egypt was very long. From chiefdoms to regional, and then all-Egyptian kings, the entire predynastic period took place, from the 4th millennium B.C., when the Nagada culture developed in Southern Egypt. The largest were local territories in Hierakonpolis, Nagada and Abydos. Already in the Nagada I phase, there were social elites under a leader — in chiefdoms, and in the Nagada II phase, institutions of regional kings arose in social property societies. In protodynastic times, during the Nagada III phase, significant changes occurred. The leaders of Hierakonpolis, Nagada and Abydos became the collectors of all Egyptian lands, assimilating the Lower Nile. For a long time in Egyptology, it was believed that already in early times there were two kingdoms in Egypt: The Northern in Lower Egypt and the Southern in the Nile Valley. The Palermo Stone depicts the red-crowned kings of Lower Egypt. And in a fragment from the Cairo Museum, they are already wearing a double crown: the white crown of Southern Egypt is inserted into the red crown of the Lower. And this is evidence of the unification of Egypt into a single kingdom. But who were these first Egyptian kings? Modern archaeological excavations in combination with long-known artifacts allow us to reinterpret these dark pages of the creation of the first dual state. It is believed that the Lower Egypt was annexed to Upper Egypt in protodynastic times. In this article, the author hypothesizes that from late predynastic times, the Northern Kingdom was headed by elites who were appointed by the king of a united Egypt.

Antifungal Activity of Verticillin D Isolated from Clonostachys rosea EC28 against Alternaria burnsii and Sclerotium rolfsii

Alternaria leaf spot and white crown rot caused respectively by Alternaria sp and Sclerotium rolfsii are responsible for significant economic losses in tomato cultivation in Côte d'Ivoire. Chemical control of these diseases has its limits due to the harmful effects of synthetic fungicides on the environment and the health of farmers and populations. As a result, biological control through the use of biocontrol agents represents one of the alternative solutions. Clonostaschys rosea EC 28, a biocontrol agent is an endophyte fungus isolated from Ceiba pentandra, whose objective of this study was to show the antifungal properties of verticillin D produced by this fungus against A. burnsii and S. rolfsii. C. rosea EC 28 was cultured on rice medium and extracted with ethyl acetate. Open silica gel column chromatography of this crude extract led to the purification of two secondary metabolites that were identified by mass spectrometry and NMR as verticillin D and ergosterol. The activity in vitro antigerminative of A. burnsii spores and against growth mycelial growth of S. rolfsii of these molecules have been determined. Verticillin D inhibited A. burnsii spore germination and growth mycelial growth of S. rolfsii with respective MICs of 0.25 mg / mL and 5mg/ mL. Ergosterol n / A present none activity antifungal. These results provide a database for the use of Clonostachys rosea EC 28 as a potential biocontrol agent for two major tomato diseases in Ivory Coast.

金宇顒의 元史 인식과 『續資治通鑑綱目』

In the early Joseon Dynasty, the influence o f Wondae NeoConfucianism introduced at the end of the Goryeo Dynasty, the situationoriented Hwaigwan held by intellectuals at the end of the Goryeo Dynasty, and the Yuan Dynasty was recognized and positively evaluated. In Seongjongdae, there was a tendency to emphasize the legitimacy of the Confucianism of Namsongdae, and Hoanguk's Chunchuho Clan Exhibition began to attract attention. The race-oriented white crown and orthodox theory, represented by Namsongdae Juhee and Hoanguk, spread to intellectuals through King Seongjong and Jungjongdae, and based on this, Chinese history accounts such as Kim Woo-ong's Sokgangmok and Jeong-gu's History began to appear. Among them, Kim Woo-ong's Sokgangmok was compiled based on the orthodox theory, pointing out that Sang-ro's Gangmok sequel, which was mainly used as a textbook for Songwonsa Temple, was orthodox, and that the history of the Yuan Dynasty was not orthodox.
 Kim Woo-ong criticized the fact that Sang-ro's Gangmoksokpyeon does not conform to the ritual of the runner, and edited Sokgangmok. As the Yuan Dynasty, which was recognized as orthodox in the Gangmoksokpyeon, was not recognized as orthodox in Sokgangmok, much of the history of the Yuan Dynasty, which corresponds to Volume 12, was calculated. Sokgangmok did not recognize the legitimacy of the circle, so it was from 1293 The records until 1368 were recorded in small letters, and the national title and myoho were written, but the name of the county were written instead of the name of the county, revealing that the circle was painless. In addition to the basic sympathy of the Yuan Dynasty, such as the emperor and high-ranking government officials, the rebellion of Jaein and Wonmal was recorded in detail, emphasizing the instability of the reign because Won was not orthodox.
 Kim Woo-ong began the compilation of Sokgangmok in November 1591 (the 24th year of King Seonjo's reign), and completed Sokgangmok in March 1595 (the 28th year of King Seonjo's reign). However, Sokgangmok was not published for a long time after its completion and remained an abstract. In 1771, Sokgangmok was printed, and in 1808(8th year of King Sunjo), Kim Han-dong corrected the errors in the draft of Sokgangmok and published it as a woodblock. Lee Hang-ro paid attention to Sokgangmok, which does not recognize the tradition of Won, and compiled Hwagangmok, focusing on Yujunggyo and Kim Pyeongmuk. Although "Hwagangmok" did not recognize the circle as orthodox, "Sokgangmok" emphasized the distinction of Hwai and the pain of the circle by strictly revising the part that does not fit Ju-hee's "Gangmok" narrative without acknowledged the circle as orthodox.

An Overview of the Nature and Functions of the Bovine Goddess Sematweret in the Old Kingdom

This paper presents an analysis of the Old Kingdom Pyramid Texts that refer to the aurochs-deity Sematweret. This study will consider the writing of her name, her physical attributes and the actions in which she is involved, mainly as the mother of the deceased. For a better understanding of this deity, it is also relevant to examine the relationship with other female deities, such as Nekhbet or the White Crown, and with divinities that appear alongside her, like the goddess Hewenetweret or the god Semawer. The observation of all the elements linked to her is a perfect example of the fluidity of ancient Egyptian myths, and could even indicate the fusion of mythic references in the composition of PT 703 and PT 548, as well as the attribution of some aspects to Nut at an undetermined date prior to the reign of Pepy I.

고대 이집트의 스포츠 복식 분석

The purpose of this study was to analyze the types of sports and the characteristics of the sports costume prevalent in ancient Egypt as part of the study of the Egyptian costumes and understanding the sports culture of the Middle East nation. The method of this study is a literature study, which investigated ancient tomb murals, paintings, and schematics in literature as well as literature related to Egypt’s ancient sports history, and analyzed the sports costume characteristics of Egypt by referring to the ancient tomb murals and materials sourced through Internet searches. Based on prior research and literature, ancient Egyptian sports were classified as royal sports and general public sports, and the sports costume was analyzed by classifying it into the type of clothing, fabrics, colors, headdress, ornaments, and shoes. The results of this study were as follow; First, the sports of ancient Egyptians were classified into the sports of the royal family and the sports of the general public, depending on the subject of practice. The sports of the royal family were a display of royal authority and physical superiority, and the sports usually engaged in were running, archery, chariot racing, and hunting wild animals, fish, and birds. The sports of the general public were running, high jumping, wrestling, stick fighting, boxing, swimming, and acrobatics. Second, the king wore a loincloth for running, a kilt and shendot for archery and chariot racing, and a gala skirt and kalasiris for hunting. Most fabrics were comprised of white linen. The king wore a symbolic white crown and a khepresh with uraeus, a kind of helmet on his head. He wore a wig while hunting. He had a fascium around his neck, a bracelet on his arm, and his shoes were mostly barefoot. Third, in the sport of the general public, they were nude during jumping and swimming, wore a knee-length kilt for wrestling and stick fighting, and an open-ended loincloth for acrobatics. White linen was used as a fabric. This study is meaningful in that it analyzes the sports costume, a new area of research relative to the ancient Egyptian costume.

La Trobe Reading Room

photo : david iliff Outpost Libraries are reservoirs of strength, grace, and wit, reminders of order, calm, and continuity, lakes of mental energy. – Germaine Greer I t’s a capsule of intricate white crown molding and glowing green lamps that resembles a fantasy reading world. In the city of Melbourne, Australia, a place rich with culture, a literary hot spot continues to draw in readers and writers alike. Nestled in one of the nineteenth-century buildings that make up the State Library of Victoria is the La Trobe Reading Room. Its domed ceiling reaches six stories high—the cap on a structure more than one hundred years old. Originally known as the Domed Reading Room, the space was refurbished and reopened in 2003 with its current name. The La Trobe name has a longstanding history in the colony of Victoria. Sir Charles La Trobe, the first lieutenant governor of the new colony of Victoria in 1851, shaped the values of his Australian state through environmental awareness and educational advocacy. And from La Trobe University to the reading room, literature new and old brings these spaces to life. The French saying “Qui cherche trouve” is a modern version of the La Trobe family motto. In English, it can be translated as “Whoever seeks shall find,” and among the thirty-two thousand books that the reading room can house, this holds true for anyone looking for a bit of educational enlightenment. When the space was refurbished in 2003, quotations were added above the shelves, circling the room in a ribbon of literary inspiration. From Edmund Wilson to William Shakespeare, these quotes serve to give impetus to anyone searching for words of wisdom from the greats of classic literature. Kelly Rogers is studying professional writing and art at the University of Oklahoma. La Trobe Reading Room by Kelly Rogers 80 WLT SEPTEMBER / OCTOBER 2015 ...

The Mountain’s Morning Love

The Mountain’s Morning Love By Rich Blaustein Washington, DC, USA Arise, Kilimanjaro, Arise ! Let all your patrimony below and beyond Chirp and buzz, or stretch their time-formed limbs to shake off slumber, to begin the cycle of their progenitors, in uncountable years, softly set. Arise softly and let slide away the cool blue veil you let adorn your massiveness in gentle morning. Arise, Kilimanjaro, and call to all your matrimony below, The day has begun ! And all must tend their young, forage and hunt, love and die under the sun. Arise in the sensual pink of which you are fitted, while you whisper seductively of the peace of the night, that solely heralds your lover’s and children’s enduring under the sun. Arise, Kilimanjaro, in peace and Empire. Not like the moment of dictate millions of years ago, when you let known throughout the passion you possessed within -- forced yourself up through the earth -- and let rain from the sky fiery stones, cleaving forth the water and carving the earth to a randomness you preferred. Peace this morning, Kilimanjaro, like the crown of snow you end your morning’s dressing, the frozen white crown, in which you signal to all that: today again, I will be silent and you must continue,

A phylogenetic framework for the terns (Sternini) inferred from mtDNA sequences: implications for taxonomy and plumage evolution

We sequenced 2800 bp of mitochondrial DNA from each of 33 species and 2 subspecies (35 taxa) of terns (Sternini), and employed Bayesian methods to derive a phylogeny with good branch support based on posterior probabilities. The resulting tree confirmed many of the generally accepted taxonomic groups, and led us to suggest a revision of the terns that recognizes 12 genera, 11 of which correspond to a distinct clade on the tree or a highly divergent species (1 genus was not represented in the phylogeny). As an example of how the molecular phylogeny reflects similarities in morphology and behavior among the terns, we used the phylogeny to examine the evolution of the breeding (alternate) head plumage patterns among the terns to test the hypothesis that this character is phylogenetically informative. The three basic types of head plumage (white crown, black cap, and black cap with a white blaze on the forehead) were highly conserved within clades, with notable exceptions in two white-crowned species that evolved independently among the black-capped terns. Based on the appearance of the close relatives of these exceptional species, their white crowns appear to be due to the retention of either winter (basic) plumage characteristics or perhaps juvenile characteristics when the birds molt into their breeding plumage. Examination of the evolutionary history of head plumage indicated that the white-crowned species such as the noddies ( Anous) and the white tern ( Gygis alba) are probably most representative of ancestral terns.

The White Crown of Works: Cyprian's Early Pastoral Ministry of Almsgiving in Carthage

In a letter from Cyprian, bishop of Carthage in the middle of the third century, written while he was in hiding during the Decian persecution to the imprisoned confessors in Carthage, there is mention of two crowns, two colors and two flowers. The letter can be dated to the middle of April 250. Cyprian wanted to console those in prison that they would not be failures if they failed to be martyred. Those who were not martyred could receive equal renown through their confession as those who were martyred. As much as martyrdom was highly prized among African Christians, Cyprian wanted to assure the imprisoned confessors that it was not the only way to please God. In the past (ante), in a time undoubtedly before persecution, one could be clad in white for good works, just as now one could be clad in crimson for martyrdom. For those who were not going to die a martyr's death and win the crimson crown for suffering or the flower of warfare, Cyprian seemed to say that the confession of their faith could now be counted as a good work for which the reward was the white crown or the flower of peace.

White crown rot - a new disease of cereals

A new cereal disease was observed in central New South Wales in 1990 and 1991. The most characteristic symptoms were the formation of whiteheads and the presence of profuse white mycelium enveloping tiller bases in the crown region of infected wheat plants. Sometimes, black zone lines were present in the white mycelium. An unidentified sterile basidiomycete was consistently isolated from the tiller bases and shown to be the causal agent in pot and field experiments. The fungus was pathogenic to wheat, barley and triticale. The disease has been named ‘white crown rot’ to distinguish it from crown rot caused by Fusarium graminearum Group 1, which is renamed ‘Fusarium crown rot’.

Gallium colloid formation during ion implantation of glass

Data are reported on the size and depth distribution of gallium colloids formed by gallium ion implantation at energies of 50 and 60 keV, and nominal doses up to 1.1 × 10 17 ions/cm 2 into coverlip glass, float glass and white crown glass. Measurement techniques used to reveal colloid-induced changes include the wavelength dependence of optical reflectivity, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Rutherford backscattering (RBS). The reflectivity can be controlled by variations in ion dose, implant temperature and ion beam energy. The highest reflectivity is found after implants near 50°C and the level is extremely sensitive to the implant temperature. For controlled beam conditions, the reflectivity data are reproducible, despite there being variations in the colloid size and depth distributions as seen by TEM and RBS. The TEM data reveal that the depth distribution develops in two distinct regions, which at high concentration can precipitate into two layers of large colloids. Subsidiary experiments are reported to attempt to separate the effects of variations in the implant temperature and surface charging which influence the reflectivity, RBS and colloid formation.

Ophthalmic lenses: accurately characterizing transmittance of photochromic and other common lens materials

Ophthalmic lens materials are characterized by their spectral transmittance and by derived luminous and average UV-B and UV-A transmittances. Photochromic materials, whose transmittances depend on previous and immediate radiant exposure and other environmental conditions, require special methods of spectrophotometry, which are described here. Nonphotochromic materials are characterized by customary spectrophotometry. Transmittances of seven common ophthalmic lens materials are reported (white crown glass, allyldiglycol carbonate and polycarbonate plastics, and four photochromic glasses). The transmittance spectra of sunlight-darkened photochromics are determined by extrapolation to the instant of removal from exposure by using a sequence of rapidly scanned spectra recorded at precisely timed intervals after removal. Luminous transmittances and average UV-B and UV-A transmittance of all materials tested agree well with published values.

Strength of thin chemtempered lenses: static load testing.

Static load tests were conducted on heat-tempered and chemtempered plano white crown glass lenses from five different optical laboratories. With both ball-on-ring and ring-on-ring loading, chemtempered lenses considerably thinner than 2.0 mm were found to be as failure resistant as 2.0-mm-thick heat-tempered lenses. A similar result was obtained previously using the drop-ball test. It is shown that the theory of brittle fracture can be used to relate the results of different tests and provides a rational basis for comparing the relative performance of chemtempered and heat-tempered lenses.

Strength of thin chemtempered lenses: drop-ball testing.

Failure heights were measured in drop-ball tests for both chemtempered and heat-tempered plano, white crown glass lenses from five different optical laboratories. It was found that (1) failure height was proportional to the square of the lens thickness, (2) chemtempered lenses substantially thinner than 2.0 mm are as resistant to breakage as 2.0-mm-thick heat-tempered lenses, and (3) a close correlation existed between results of single-drop and multiple-drop tests and between results of tests using rigid and compliant mounts.