White British Ethnicity Research Articles

Violence and crime among male inpatients with severe mental illness: attempting to explain ethnic differences

Studies report that in the U.K., among men with severe mental illness (SMI), those of black Caribbean ethnicity display increased risk of aggressive behaviour, criminal convictions, and schizophrenia. The study aimed to compare aggressive behaviour and criminal convictions among men with SMI of white British, black Caribbean and black African ethnicity, and to explore factors associated with differences across ethnicities. Sample 1 included 1,104 male inpatients with SMI. Sample 2 included a representative sub-sample of 165 who completed interviews, and authorized access to medical and criminal files. Ethnicity was self-ascribed. Staff-rated violence prior to admission, self-reported aggressive behaviour, and convictions for non-violent and violent crimes differed among men with SMI of different ethnicities. Relative to men with SMI of white British ethnicity, those of black African ethnicity showed decreased risk of aggressive behaviour, and those of black Caribbean ethnicity showed elevated risk of convictions for non-violent, and marginally, for violent crimes. Relative to men with SMI of black African ethnicity, those of black Caribbean ethnicity showed elevated risk of aggressive behaviour and criminal convictions. Proportionately more of the men of both black African and black Caribbean ethnicity, than those of white British ethnicity, presented schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Multivariate analyses failed to identify factors that would explain differences in aggressive behaviour, and criminal convictions across ethnic groups. Differences in four different measures of aggressive and antisocial behaviour among men with SMI of different ethnicities were observed but factors associated with these differences were not found.

PWE-123 Predictors Of Hepatic Encephalopathy and Mortality Following Tips Insertion for Refractory Ascites

IntroductionTransjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) insertion has been used for over twenty years to treat the complications of portal hypertension. TIPS insertion provides better control of refractory ascites than large...

Accuracy of routinely recorded ethnic group information compared with self-reported ethnicity: evidence from the English Cancer Patient Experience survey

ObjectiveTo describe the accuracy of ethnicity coding in contemporary National Health Service (NHS) hospital records compared with the ‘gold standard’ of self-reported ethnicity.DesignSecondary analysis of data from a cross-sectional survey...

P26 Rapid identification, triage and management of alcohol related hospital admissions

IntroductionPortsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust has the highest rate of alcohol related hospital admissions in the South East of England (1993 per 100 000 population for 2009/2010). Admissions with complications of...

Emergence of a Neisseria gonorrhoeae clone showing decreased susceptibility to cefixime in England and Wales

The third-generation cephalosporins recommended in national guidelines are amongst the last remaining effective agents for treatment of gonorrhoea. This study characterizes gonococcal isolates with decreased cefixime susceptibility from England and Wales. A total of 96 isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae exhibiting cefixime MICs of ≥0.125 mg/L, either collected as part of the Gonococcal Resistance to Antimicrobials Surveillance Programme (GRASP) between 2005 and 2008 (54 from a total of 4649 isolates) or referred to the national reference laboratory in 2008 and 2009 (42 isolates), were tested for susceptibility to a range of antimicrobial agents and were typed using N. gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST). All 96 isolates were also resistant to tetracycline (MIC ≥2 mg/L) and ciprofloxacin (MIC ≥16 mg/L) and 56% showed low-level chromosomal resistance to penicillin. Where data were available, the mean patient age was 31 years, and 88% (83/94) of patients were men. Isolates referred through GRASP were predominantly from men who have sex with men (MSM; 29/44, 66%) and from patients of white British ethnicity (25/43, 58%). The majority of isolates belonged either to sequence type (ST) 1407 (71/96, 74%) or to a highly related ST that shares the tpbB allele (allele 110), but with a different por allele (20/96, 21%). ST1407 was found in both MSM (22/29, 76%) and heterosexual patients (12/15, 80%) and among all eight isolates from patients reporting sex abroad. The emergence of a clonal group of gonococci showing decreased susceptibility to cefixime in England and Wales highlights the need for continued surveillance.

Low birth weight persists in South Asian babies born in England and Wales regardless of maternal country of birth. Slow pace of acculturation, physiological constraint or both? Analysis of routine data

BackgroundThe mean birth weight of offspring of Bangladeshi, Indian and Pakistani women tends to be among the lowest of any ethnic groups regardless of country of residence. However, it is...

055 Comparison of distributions of common indicators of socio-economic position by ethnicity and migration: preliminary findings from the Born in Bradford Birth Cohort Study

ObjectiveTo describe and compare the distributions, including extent of missing data, in measures of socio-economic position (SEP) between women of white British and Pakistani ethnicity. We also compare distributions of...

Emergence of Ethnic Differences in Blood Pressure in Adolescence

The cause of ethnic differences in cardiovascular disease remains a scientific challenge. Blood pressure tracks from late childhood to adulthood. We examined ethnic differences in changes in blood pressure between early and late adolescence in the United Kingdom. Longitudinal measures of blood pressure, height, weight, leg length, smoking, and socioeconomic circumstances were obtained from London, United Kingdom, schoolchildren of White British (n=692), Black Caribbean (n=670), Black African (n=772), Indian (n=384), and Pakistani and Bangladeshi (n=402) ethnicity at 11 to 13 years and 14 to 16 years. Predicted age- and ethnic-specific means of blood pressure, adjusted for anthropometry and social exposures, were derived using mixed models. Among boys, systolic blood pressure did not differ by ethnicity at 12 years, but the greater increase among Black Africans than Whites led to higher systolic blood pressure at 16 years (+2.9 mm Hg). Among girls, ethnic differences in mean systolic blood pressure were not significant at any age, but while systolic blood pressure hardly changed with age among White girls, it increased among Black Caribbeans and Black Africans. Ethnic differences in diastolic blood pressure were more marked than those for systolic blood pressure. Body mass index, height, and leg length were independent predictors of blood pressure, with few ethnic-specific effects. Socioeconomic disadvantage had a disproportionate effect on blood pressure for girls in minority groups. The findings suggest that ethnic divergences in blood pressure begin in adolescence and are particularly striking for boys. They signal the need for early prevention of adverse cardiovascular disease risks in later life.

Understanding the effect of ethnic density on mental health: multi-level investigation of survey data from England

Objectives To determine if living in areas where higher proportions of people of the same ethnicity reside is protective for common mental disorders, and associated with a reduced exposure to...

Preconception Counseling in Women With Diabetes

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of preconception counseling with markers of care and maternal characteristics in women with pregestational diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThe study includes data from a regional multi-center survey on 588 women with pregestational diabetes who delivered a singleton pregnancy between 2001 and 2004. Logistic regression was used to obtain crude and adjusted estimates of association.RESULTSPreconception counseling was associated with better glycemic control 3 months preconception (odds ratio 1.91, 95% CI 1.10–3.04) and in the first trimester (2.05, 1.39–3.03), higher preconception folic acid intake (4.88, 3.26–7.30), and reduced risk of adverse pregnancy outcome (P = 0.027). Uptake of preconception counseling was positively associated with type 1 diabetes (1.87, 1.14–3.07) and White British ethnicity (2.56, 1.17–5.6) and negatively with deprivation score (0.78, 0.70–0.87).CONCLUSIONSEfforts are needed to improve preconception counseling rates. Uptake is associated with maternal sociodemographic characteristics.

The impact of depression on activities of daily living skills in individuals who have undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery

This study examined the relationships between instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) skills and a range of demographic, medical, neuropsychological and psychological variables in patients following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Participants (N = 111; 92 males, 19 females; 111 white British or Irish ethnicity) completed a battery of demographic and medical questionnaires, and standardised neuropsychological, psychological and functional assessments in a within-subjects, cross-sectional design. Correlational analyses identified significant relationships between three covariates (current smoking, anxiety and depression) and IADL functioning. Subsequent logistic regression analysis revealed that only post-operative depression independently predicted IADL functioning. It is important that clinicians recognise the bi-directional nature of the relationship between depression and IADL functioning as evidenced in this study, and ensure that these factors are addressed in the assessment and treatment of CABG patients in order to maximise surgical benefits. It is hoped that future research will build upon the finding of this study to increase our understanding of the impact of depression on IADL functioning, and to develop effective methods of intervention for at-risk individuals.

Medical students' recognition of elder abuse

To determine the proportion of fourth-year medical students who correctly recognise abusive and not abusive care of older people and whether recognition is related to sociodemographic factors and education. A cross-sectional self-report questionnaire study, using the Caregiving Scenario Questionnaire; measuring recognition of elder abuse according to the Department of Health's definition. Fourth-year medical students at University College London and the University of Birmingham, UK. Two hundred and two of 207 students (97.6%) responded. Twenty-nine of 201 (14.4%) identified accepting someone was not clean; 113/200 (56.5%) locking someone in alone; and 160/200 (80.0%) trapping someone in an armchair as abusive. All medical students correctly identified four out of five not abusive responses. Twelve (6.0%) incorrectly identified camouflaging the door to prevent wandering as abusive. Logistic regression analysis found the independent predictors of recognising that locking in alone was abusive were working as a professional carer (OR = 3.33, 95% CI = 1.25-8.89, p < 0.05) and reporting being taught to look for elder abuse (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.24-0.89, p < 0.05). Similarly, the independent predictors of recognising that restraint in an armchair was abusive were attending university A versus university B (OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.09-5.26, p < 0.05); being of White British versus Asian ethnicity (OR = 4.00, 95% CI = 1.75-9.09, p < 0.01). Medical students are good at recognising not abusive care, but not as successful at recognising elder abuse. Working as a professional carer was associated with better recognition of abuse, while personal contact with a person with dementia and recalling formal education about abuse were not.