White Belt Research Articles

Induction of a new alkaline band at a target position in internodal cells of Chara corallina.

Characean cells develop alternating alkaline and acid bands on their surface upon illumination. However, the mechanism of band formation is not fully understood. In the present study, we succeeded in inducing a new alkaline band at an original acid band in internodal cells of Chara corallina. Chloroplasts in an acid band were locally removed by wounding the cell in the absence of the cell turgor pressure. The chloroplast-removed area was observed as a white belt in a green cylindrical internodal cell. This internodal cell developed a new alkaline band on the surface at the chloroplast-removed area. The narrower the chloroplast-removed area, the less significant the extent of OH(-) extrusion. This is the first success in inducing a new alkaline band at a target position in Characeae.

Study of the some physicals variables how factors of the influence in judoistics lesions

The objective of this descriptive longitudinal tendency study was to analyze the influence of the length of time judo athletes had been practicing judo, their judo grade (belt color) and their physical preparation on the injuries they suffered over a 12-month period. Forty-two judo athletes took part in the first evaluation, 18 in the second and eight in the last. The mean age of the group was 23.7 ± 7.4, with a mean time practicing judo of 6.7 ± 6.3 years and comprised 10 white belts, one blue, four yellow, five orange, five green, three purple, eight brown and six black belts. Data was collected where the judo athletes practiced, by means of physical evaluation tests and anthropometrical measurements. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-squared test, student’s t test, one way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. The results demonstrated that: the group suffered 42 injuries; no association (p < 0.05) was found between judo grade and number of injuries (c2c = 3.71), or between time practicing judo and number of injuries (c2c = 0.12); the only significant difference found was between the fi rst and second evaluation in relation to arm strength, (tc = -3,66), and when one-way ANOVA was applied no significant difference was found in any of the variables. The multiple regression model (r2 = 0,63174), demonstrated that for 63,17% of the judo athletes, injuries can be explained by the effects of the aforementioned variables. The conclusion was that neither the time practicing judo nor the judo grade affected the number of lesions; however, there was interference by most of the variables inherent to physical preparation.

The Belt mutation in pigs is an allele at the Dominant white (I/KIT) locus.

A white belt is a common coat color phenotype in pigs and is determined by a dominant allele (Be). Here we present the result of a genome scan performed using a Hampshire (Belt)/Pietrain (non-Belt) backcross segregating for the white belt trait. We demonstrate that Belt maps to the centromeric region of pig Chromosome (Chr) 8 harboring the Dominant white (I/KIT) locus. Complete cosegregation between Belt and a single nucleotide polymorphism in the KIT gene was observed. Another potential candidate gene, the endothelin receptor type A gene (EDNRA), was excluded as it was assigned to a different region (SSC8q21) by FISH analysis. We argue that Belt is a regulatory KIT mutation on the basis of comparative data on mouse KIT mutants and our previous sequence analysis of the KIT coding sequence from a Hampshire pig. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that Belt is not associated with a KIT duplication, as is the case for the Patch and Dominant white alleles. Thus, Belt is a fourth allele at the Dominant white locus, and we suggest that it is denoted I(Be).

The kit-ligand (steel factor) and its receptor c-kit/W: pleiotropic roles in gametogenesis and melanogenesis

The c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase belongs to the PDGF/CSF-1/c-kit receptor subfamily. The kit-ligand, KL, also called steel factor, is synthesized from two alternatively spliced mRNAs as transmembrane proteins that can either be proteolytically cleaved to produce soluble forms of KL or can function as cell-associated molecules. The c-kit receptor kinase and KL are encoded at the white spotting (W) and steel (Sl) loci of the mouse, respectively. Mutations at both the W and the Sl locus cause deficiencies in gametogenesis, melanogenesis and hematopoiesis. The c-kit receptor is expressed in the cellular targets of W and Sl mutations, while KL is expressed in their microenvironment. In melanogenesis, c-kit is expressed in melanoblasts from the time they leave the neural crest and expression continues during embryonic development and in the melanocytes of postnatal animals. In gametogenesis c-kit is expressed in primordial germ cells, in spermatogonia, and in primordial and growing oocytes, implying a role at three distinct stages of gametogenesis. Many mutant alleles are known at W and Sl loci and their phenotypes vary in the degree of severity in the different cellular targets of the mutations. While many W and Sl alleles severely affect primordial germ cells (PGC), several mild Sl alleles have weak effects on PGCs and exhibit differential male or female sterility. Steel Panda (Sl(pan)) is a KL expression mutation in which KL RNA transcript levels are reduced in most tissues analyzed. In female Sl(pan)/Sl(pan) mice, ovarian follicle development is arrested at the one layered cuboidal stage as a result of reduced KL expression in follicle cells, indicating a role for c-kit in oocyte growth. Wsh is a c-kit expression mutation, which affects mast cells and melanogenesis. While the mast cell defect results from lack of c-kit expression, the pigmentation deficiency appears to stem from ectopic c-kit receptor expression in the somitic dermatome at the time of migration of melanoblasts from the neural crest to the periphery. It is proposed that the ectopic c-kit expression in Wsh mice affects early melanogenesis in a dominant fashion. The "sash" or white belt of Wsh/+ animals and some other mutant mice is explained by the varying density of melanoblasts along the body axis of wild-type embryos.

Differences in Mood States between Belt Ranks in Karate Tournament Competitors

Research over the past decade has demonstrated that performance and transitory affect (mood states) are related. This study examined the relationship between highly experienced (black belts), experienced (brown belts), moderately experienced (colored belts), and novice (white belts) karate practitioners and transitory affect. Analysis indicated that black belt competitors scored higher in precompetition fatigue-inertia than lower ranked competitors.

The geochemistry and crustal origin of the Archaean acid intrusive rocks of the Agnew Dome, Lawlers, western Australia

Abstract Acid intrusive rocks of the Agnew Dome intrude a supracrustal sequence, part of the Lawlers-Mt. White greenstone belt. The acid intrusives form a complex batholith with multiple intrusions. Three distinct groups of granitoids have been recognised, both in terms of style of intrusion and on petrological grounds. The oldest intrusion was that of the Lawlers tonalite (granitoid group I) which includes a variety of rock-types from quartz diorite through tonalite to granodiorite. These are characterised by high Na/K, high concentrations of LREE, Ba and Sr, very high La/Yb, low HREE and low Y. Intrusion of the Lawlers tonalite pre-dates the first deformation of the intruded greenstones. A second granitoid suite (group II) occupies the dominant area of the batholith and comprises a diverse group ranging from granodiorite through adamellite to trondhjemite. These have lower Na/K and La/Yb ratios and a higher SiO2 content than the tonalites. Their intrusion pre-dates the main folding of the greenstones (D2). The third granitoid group (group III) comprises highly leucocratitic, true granites of near minimum-melt composition, K- and Rb-rich, but with very low concentrations of P, Zr, Ti, Sr and Ba. They have flat REE patterns with Eu-anomalies. These are clearly the latest intrusive phase and form a network of intersecting dykes, sheets and small plugs. On geochemical grounds the three granitoid suites of Lawlers are not related. The tonalites are likely to have been derived from the fusion of mafic source rocks, while some features of the leucogranites suggest source material must include a K-rich granite component. These features suggest that at least, in this part of the Yilgarn Block, the crust which pre-dates both the 2.65 Ga Lawlers tonalite and the Mt. White-Lawlers greenstone belt must have been of mixed character with mafic and sialic rocks very like the presently exposed Yilgarn Archaean suite.

五十鈴川の&quot;珪藻骸白帯&quot;

五十鈴川の&quot;珪藻骸白帯&quot;

珪藻骸白帯

珪藻骸白帯

Plants of a Northern Illinois Sand Deposit

In Rockton and Shirland townships in the northem part of Winnebago County, Illinois is a sand area of considerable size. It is within the oakhickory association at the southern border of the white pine belt and at the northern border of the Prairie Peninsula. The sand plains and dunes contain a number of well developed, shallow Sphagnum bogs giving habitats that are unusual in Illinois. The vegetation of the area was given some consideration by Gleason (1910) nearly 50 years ago and it has remained much the same until recently farming and road building have made profound changes and it is thought that a record of the peculiar plant life should be made before it disappears entirely. The area is twelve miles long and four miles wide (fig. 1). It extends from Rock River on the east to Sugar River on the west and since the sand does not extend far into Wisconsin the state line is arbitrarily taken as the northern border. On the west and south sides is the two mile wide, flat floor of Glacial Lake Pecatonica throtugh which run Sugar and Pecatonica rivers to unite at Shirland before joining Rock River at Rockton (Salisbury and Barrow, 1918). The shore line of the glacial lake is at the 740 foot level and is easily followed. It is but little above the wide flat bottom of Coon Creek which bisects the area north and south. It is within this low bottom that most of the shallow bogs occur. The average elevation of the area is 775 feet, the hilly, wooded west half being 125 feet higher. The east half is a sand plain that is 50 feet above Rock River the bluffs of which have a large gravel element. The bluffs of Sugar River, on the west, average 50 feet and are pure, fine, yellow sand. Galena and Platteville dolomite, the bed rock, is very near the surface, being covered by a thin layer of gravelly clay or directly by sand. The only other rock is St. Peter sandstone which outcrops

Fern Symbols in a Trinidad Religion

In the northeast corner of the island of Trinidad, near the town of Matura on the Toco road, I met the and was introduced to the symbolic use of the climbing fern, Lygodium micans, in a local religion. About five miles outside of Matura I slowed my jeep to observe a series of roadside crosses, religious signs, and finally a small house built up from the ground on stilts, the whole house covered with unusual metallic crosses and peculiar tangles of vines, obviously all man-made with considerable care. Since no one was in sight, I drove on slowly, observing the rich vegetation of the Mora forests crowding the highway. A short distance along the Toco road I saw the prophet walking along the roadside. My curiosity prompted me to halt the jeep and the next half hour was spent in conversation with this man of unusual dress and interesting philosophy. The prophet wore a dark blue cloak of heavy felt which he called his uniform. Adorning the blue felt was a white belt from which hung a carved dagger-like instrument. Over his chest was a series of white crosses, coin medallions, religious pictures, and even his own photograph taken by an earlier tourist. All these hung from aluminum painted safety pins. Down the back of his

LINKED COLOR FACTORS IN HAMPSHIRE SWINE

Journal Article LINKED COLOR FACTORS IN HAMPSHIRE SWINE: Linkage of Black and the Basic White of the White Belt Pattern Get access RALPH J. BUSHNELL RALPH J. BUSHNELL University of ConnecticutStorrs, Conn Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 34, Issue 10, October 1943, Pages 303–306, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a105223 Published: 01 October 1943