Wheeler Vehicles Research Articles

Emergency Medical Services Outcome Assessment in Lagos, Nigeria: Review of Cases of ‘’Brought in Dead‘’ Patients

BACKGROUND: This study sets out to establish a database of BID patients presenting at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH).METHOD: A retrospective study of consecutive ‘’Brought in Dead‘’ (BID) patients seen from April to November 2011 at the surgical emergency room of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH) was done using a validated questionnaire.RESULTS: A total of 144 BID patients were seen during the study period. There were 112 males or 78% and 32 females or 22% of the total (M:F=3:1). The age group with the largest number of victims was the 31-40 age groups; and there were 37 patients (30.8% of 120 cases captured under age group). Trauma also accounted for 104 patients (72.2%) with 52 (36.1%, 50% of trauma cases) of these caused by Road traffic injuries (RTI), and Gunshot injuries accounting for 21 (14.6%, 20.2% of trauma cases). Among the Trauma BID cases from RTI, 4-wheeled vehicles accounted for 20 cases (19.2%, 40% of RTI), whilst motor cycle injuries accounted for 12 cases (11.5%, 24% of RTI).CONCLUSION: The study shows that road traffic injuries and gunshot injuries, accounted for 70% of BID cases presenting at LASUTH. Majority of cases of RTI are from 4 wheeler vehicles (40%) and motorcycles (24%).

Design of a Three Wheeler Vehicle's Driver's Seat Considering Ergonomics

Many developing countries, like Bangladesh, have many three wheeler vehicles as a popular cheap transport option. Usually the driver seats of such vehicles are locally designed without considering ergonomics. Thus, drivers of such vehicles suffer from discomfort in the short term and back pain and other ailments in the long run. So if driver’s seats in such three wheelers could be designed considering ergonomics, it would be beneficial for them. This paper describes the design of the seat of a three wheeler vehicle considering ergonomics and low cost available materials.

DESIGNS OF INPUT AND OUTPUT DRIVER CIRCUITS FOR 16-BIT ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT (ECU) AND DEVELOPMENT OF CONTROL STRATEGY FOR ECU USING THESE I/O DRIVER CIRCUITS

The rapid prototype based method for design process of control strategy of electronic control unit for input and output driver circuit for 16-bit Electronic Control Unit (ECU). This method saves time and cost for making of an electronic control unit board and uses the electronic control unit board having a type of microcontroller in which we can flash code many times for generation of control strategy. Based on the given circuit, development of control strategy for electronic control unit is done in microcontroller’s supported IDE. Then, test and verify the developed code with the use of given input and output driver circuits for electronic control unit on test bench with virtual engine environment setup or in an actual vehicle. The whole process is associated with development of Engine Management System. In this paper the input and output driver circuit design is given for further development of control code for four wheeler vehicles. Using this technique the validation process of electronic control unit board is done on test bench setup or in actual vehicle.

A Profile of Two Wheeler Road Traffic Accidents and Head Injuries in Bangalore

Road Traffic accident is an unplanned event occurring suddenly, unexpectedly and inadvertently in an unforeseen circumstance. Low Income and middle income countries accounts for 85% of the death, and for 90% of the annual disability adjusted life years lost because of road traffic injuries. Incidences are more common among the two wheeler vehicles. Head is the most common site to be injured in road traffic accidents. Factors and events contributing to accident may arise from man, machine and environment, may occur either before, during or after accident. Hence the present study was conducted to know the patterns of accident and head injuries involving riders and pillion riders of two wheelers. This study was conducted from 1st April 2009 to 30th Sept 2010 at Victoria Hospital Mortuary, Bangalore. A total of 245 cases of deaths due to two wheeler accidents were reported for the autopsy. Riders constituted (76.33%) and pillion riders (23.67%). Most victims were male (87.75%), 20 to 39 years constitutes 70.20% of victims, most of the accidents have occurred during 6PM - 12 midnight, Helmets used by the victims (64.17%), skull fractures (67.75%) were observed in the two wheeler accidental death. Subdural hemorrhage was the commonest intracranial hemorrhage and rib injuries were commonly associated with head injuries.

Gyroscopic analysis in two-wheeler vehicles: an application oriented case study to ensure rider safety

In the present competitive scenario, the number of road accidents keeps increasing. In this context, the safety of vehicle rider gains importance. Various researchers have reported the safety systems to be adopted for ensuring the rider safety. In this connection, the gyroscopic effect has a significant relationship with vehicle safety. The case study being reported in this paper narrates the gyroscopic analysis carried out for two types of two wheeler vehicles, namely, TVS XL Super and Yamaha RX 100. The investigation has been carried out for three different road conditions. Various parameters like gyroscopic couple, angular velocity of precession and balancing couple are calculated for three different road conditions. Followed by this, the graphical analysis has been carried out to determine the values of safety velocity for the two vehicles. In addition, software named 'Gyrocalci' has been exclusively designed and developed.