WhatsApp Conversations Research Articles

Delivering a South African mathematics mindset intervention via Social Networking Service (WhatsApp)

Growth mindset interventions delivered to mathematics students have resulted in improved mathematics performance in numerous countries in the global north. South African high school students consistently underperform on international measures of mathematics achievement. This study investigates whether a culturally adapted growth mindset intervention delivered on WhatsApp can make a significant difference to mathematics performance in South Africa. In addition, it investigates whether WhatsApp delivery is feasible and acceptable to high school participants. The intervention employed a combination of YouTube videos, text information and facilitated WhatsApp conversations and combined simplified information on neural plasticity, learning strategies, and growth mindset messaging. The intervention utilised a field-based, quasi-experimental design with 301 students, 160 in the experimental condition. Mixed-methods data were collected, including mathematics performance and mathematics mindsets tracked over 18 months and user engagement and feedback in the intervention. In mixed-effects linear regression, students receiving the intervention showed a significant change in their mathematics performance over time, controlling for baseline differences between the schools. WhatsApp was a well-accepted medium for delivering this intervention. This study adds to the understanding of behaviour change and the use of WhatsApp to deliver behaviour change interventions. The results underscore the importance of teaching study strategies alongside growth mindset content to equip students with the appropriate skills to act on their changed beliefs.

How whatsappization of the chatbot affects perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and attitude toward using in a drive-sharing task

With the advent of large language models, a spotlight has been turned onto chatbots. Utilizing the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), we investigated whether whatsappization of the chatbot – making the conversation more resemble a WhatsApp conversation – improves Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness, and Attitude Toward Using. In today's world, given that WhatsApp conversations sometimes substitute for face-to-face communication, borrowing this format for use in another framework was reasonable. Participants, assigned a drive-sharing task, communicated with a textual chatbot via WhatsApp and had to decide whether to take a lift to college with a driver suggested by the chatbot. Whatsappization of the chatbot was done in two ways: Through a dialog-style conversation (Dialog versus No Dialog), and by adding WhatsApp indicators – “Last Seen”, “Connected”, “Read Receipts”, and “Typing …” (Indicators versus No Indicators). The research was full factorial, with a 2 by 2 design. 120 participants were randomly assigned to one of the four groups, with 30 participants in each group. The results, using one-way ANOVAs, demonstrated that the interaction with the chatbot was longer under the Dialog compared to the No Dialog condition, and participants in the Dialog condition had a lower rating for Attitude Toward Using. In addition, both for the Perceived Ease of Use and Perceived Usefulness constructs, participants' ratings were lower under the Indicators compared to the No Indicators condition. Our findings signal that whatsappization of the chatbot decreased user's motivation to use the system. Hence, the current study suggests that a non-human agent should not try to imitate a WhatsApp conversation.

An Analysis of WhatsApp Interactions Among Youth: A Case of Language Attrition

This study delves into the intriguing world of language dynamics within the popular messaging platform, WhatsApp, focusing on how young people communicate. Through the course of its research, this study aims to uncover a fascinating phenomenon called ‘Language Attrition’ - a subtle transformation in the way languages are used in this digital space. On WhatsApp, users seamlessly blend their native languages with a more global one. This results in a unique linguistic landscape where expressions from different languages coexist, sometimes making it challenging to distinguish between them. With India being a multilingual nation, the study explores the potential loss or degradation of languages due to the leniency and carelessness of social media language. The paper employs a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative analysis of WhatsApp conversations with a digital questionnaire survey. The research investigates factors such as the prevalence of emoticons, code-switching, and multilingualism, shedding light on the multifaceted dimensions of language attrition. The research investigates factors such as the prevalence of emoticons, code-switching, and multilingualism, shedding light on the multifaceted dimensions of language attrition. The insights aim to prompt one to perceive language attrition not merely as an academic curiosity but as a catalyst for proactive measures.

Strategi Lobi Dan Negosiasi Divisi Humas Untuk Mencapai Kesepakatan Dalam Mendapatkan Sponsorship Pada Event Aquatrance 2023

Aquatrance 2023 is a talk show event that brings together speakers who are experts in their fields to increase knowledge related to journalism and television, build enthusiasm and creativity, expand relationships, add experience, and strengthening UPNTV's internal relationships, both the UPN Televisi Daily Management Board, the Young Generation, and the Students. New, as well as exploring more about the roles, responsibilities, challenges, and tips for becoming a presenter. This event uses funding sources in the form of sponsorship. To find sponsors, both lobbying and negotiation require a strategy so that cooperation can run well. This research aims to describe the lobbying and negotiation steps that Public Relations used at the Aquatrance 2023 event to obtain sponsors for the event. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach using interviews as a data collection method. The data obtained by researchers is primary data. The results of this research state that the lobbying strategy implemented by the Public Relations Division of the Aquatrance 2023 event is a Direct Lobbying lobbying strategy, in the form of direct discussions with sponsors, either through WhatsApp conversations or face-to-face offline meetings and Win-Win Solution strategy negotiations to reach an agreement.

Ordinary Trouble: Reflexive Ethnography of a Form of Madness in a Salafist Context (Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria)

This article examines a form of mental trouble observed during a year-long ethnographic research project carried out within the Salafist environment of the city of Tizi-Ouzou (Algeria). It focuses on Abdel, a forty-year-old man suffering from compulsive thoughts which he described using the Arabic expression waswās (“Satanic whispers”). I gradually became more aware of this “trouble” as I immersed myself in my ethnographic project, during which uncertain situations arose where it was often difficult to tell whether it was the ethnographer or their interlocutor who was the more troubled. The phrase “ordinary trouble” expresses this indeterminacy of waswās, at the crossroads of the knowing subject, the subject of knowledge, and the situation in which they meet. The sources are WhatsApp conversations later deleted, discussions captured fortuitously during everyday life, which reveal moments of trouble and disquiet, first of all in the ethnographic relation itself, which proceeded amidst an atmosphere of mistrust—and then, subsequently, in biographical episodes recounted by Abdel. In this way, I interrogate the “proper distance” necessary to conduct ethnography, the role played by chance in ethnographic research, and the researcher’s capacity for improvisation in order to generate knowledge in spite of opacity and silence. I also attempt to think reflexively and to suspend the affectivity stemming from ethnographic socialization, through objectivation processes focusing solely upon the words of the muwaswās (the bearer of waswās). In this light, mental trouble becomes a powerful instrument through which to analyse dynamics of power and domination. Abdel’s mistrust can then be understood through the lens of subalternity—as a resistance strategy in a situation of asymmetrical relationships.

Politeness Strategies used by Students in Communicating Through WhatsApp

Lack of politeness in society has begun to increase irrespective of the interlocutors in the communication process. There have been some concerns pertaining to the way people talk digitally, mainly because in today’s digital world there are massive ways of communication. Hence, certain communicators tend to apply distinct strategies when communicating, especially when using an advanced and instant platform such as WhatsApp. This is due to the differences in the nature of information exchange between the traditional oral and the online written communication. This research was conducted to identify the types of positive and negative politeness strategies used by students in WhatsApp conversations. Positive and negative politeness strategies refer to strategies which are implemented when interlocutors interact with each other regardless of the social distance they share. This research is based on Brown and Levinson’s (1987) theory of politeness. This qualitative research was conducted in several stages. It involved collecting 50 WhatsApp conversations from students. The frequency and percentage of positive and negative politeness strategies were tabulated, and the type of positive and negative politeness strategies used by students in these WhatsApp conversations were identified. The major finding of the study indicates that students demonstrated more positive politeness strategies when sending WhatsApp messages to those they are close to such as family and friends, but used more negative politeness strategies when communicating with strangers. Therefore, this study may impact WhatsApp users particularly students with reference to decency even though this study is limited to only written form of data using WhatsApp application. However, the limitation is not prominent since maintaining politeness or decent manners may come from various platforms regardless written or verbal.

‘Of course you will succeed warrior ': Sensitive closings of WhatsApp conversations by professional foster parents

Good collaboration between professional foster parents (PFPs) and birth parents (BPs) is of great importance for the well-being of out-of-home placed youngsters in family-style group care. Previous studies have shown that WhatsApp has become an important medium in the professional communication between professional foster parents and birth parents as it offers the possibility to send movies and photos in addition to text. This research has identified two ways in which professional foster parents are closing WhatsApp conversations in a sensitive manner. Professional foster parents are setting boundaries by encouraging and making a reference to the future, often accompanied by emoji: (1) Encouragements are apparent in expressions that compliment, comfort and invite to ‘let it go’. (2) Professional foster parents make reference to the future in a wish, proposal or promise. Furthermore, the asymmetrical nature of the relationship becomes clear in the coaching role adopted by professional foster parents, and the observation that solely professional foster parents at times remain silent or do not respond in closing interactions. In short, sensitive boundary setting in closing sequences demonstrates how the institutional character of the relationship is embodied in the WhatsApp communication between professional foster parents and birth parents.

Are You Emojically a Mom? Age, Social Role, and Emojis in Saudi Mother-daughter WhatsApp Groups

This descriptive linguistic study aims to check the effect of age (old/young) and social role (mother/daughter) on the kind of emojis and their intended meanings that Saudi mothers use while chatting with their daughters. The data has been collected from twenty Saudi mother-daughter WhatsApp groups’ chat interactions. The study is qualitative in its approach and has used computer-mediated discourse analysis (CMDA) of ‘coding and counting’ (Herring 2004) on (58 screenshots) and has revealed (42 emoji types) of Saudi mothers used in different frequencies. A combination of multi-choice and open-ended questionnaires has been tailor-made to arrive at the subjective perspectives of ninety Saudi young females. The findings show that there are variations in the kind of emojis used and their intended meanings, signaling the two generations and social roles apart. The results signaled (7 Saudi mom emoji types) that are never used by Saudi young females at all. These emojis were found to be age-specific and social role specific. The rest of the emojis (35 emoji types) were found to be used by both groups but with differences in usage and intended meanings, marking again the differences in age and social role. Despite variations of emojis and their meanings, there were many factors that helped youngsters to understand the intended meanings of their mother’s emojis: the accompanying text, frequent chatting with their mothers, and the literal representation of the emojis their mothers used. Even though accommodation is the process Saudi young females developed in order to understand their mother’s emojis and their intended meanings, there were minor misunderstandings found. The reason has been attributed to what has been termed in this study as the ‘emoji gap’ that marks the effect of age and social role (Evans 2015, 2017; White 2017; Marko 2022). Saudi mother-daughter WhatsApp conversations revealed that they are approximate to the structure of face-to-face conversation in relation to their back-and-forth quasi-synchronous messages, topics discussed, the informal style, the intimate relation, and the Saudi dialects used accompanied with related emojis that agree with the content of the digital texts. In this study, emojis are proved to be a visual language that mirrors its users in relation to their age and social role in digital text.

Greetings as a Marker of Politeness in Speech for Elementary School Teacher Education Students and the Instilling of Character Values

This study aims to describe the form of greeting as a lingual marker of language politeness in elementary school teacher education study program students and its relationship to character education. The research methodology employed in this study is a qualitative descriptive approach. The dataset utilised in this research comprises WhatsApp conversations exchanged among students pursuing elementary school teacher education at Yogyakarta State University. These messages are analysed to assess the level of language politeness exhibited. The data sources for this research consisted of students enrolled in the Elementary School Teacher Education programme at Yogyakarta State University. The research employed a documentation-based data collection strategy. The aforementioned approach is employed for the purpose of recording WhatsApp chats within the context of elementary school teacher education students at Yogyakarta State University. The method employs a sophisticated approach involving the processes of recording, listening, and note-taking. The data analysis in this research employs the padan method, supplemented by pertinent theories and the agih method. The present study examines the various types of lingual politeness markers employed by students enrolled in the Elementary School Teacher Education programme at Yogyakarta State University. Specifically, the study focuses on three categories of politeness markers: religious greeting politeness markers, tribal politeness markers, and universal greeting politeness markers. This shows that the results of this study can be used as a basis in the preparation and development of teaching materials in character education.

KEDUDUKAN HUKUM PRIA DALAM MENGAKSES SISTEM ELEKTRONIK DI LAPTOP YANG DIIZINKAN TEMAN PEREMPUANNYA (Legal status of men accessing electronic systems on laptop which are permitted by Female Friend)

<p><em>Information Technology, media and communication role has changed society and human civilization behaviour globally. Information and communication technology development is very quick and world relations are borderless, further significant social, economic and cultural changes are quickly. The impact of information technology contributes to welfare, progress and society civilization as well as acts against the law.</em></p><p><em>The man and his girlfriend used information and communication technology facilities in which the man lend her a "Laptop" then they agreed to use the same "password" to use the laptop.</em></p><p><em>Man was reported by his girlfriend on act the accusation that the man had accessed the laptop even though he has the girlfriend’s permission which laptop position was being "logged in".</em></p><p><em>When the man opened "Facebook", there was a "chat" between his girlfriend and another man tell about the sexual nature of the accused man. There was disharmony. A man changed his girlfriend's Gmail, Facebook, yahoo passwords, and posted WhatsApp conversations between his girlfriend and another man on his girlfriend's Facebook.</em></p><p><em>This research is related to illegal access through a district court decision for man, Number: 414/Pid.B/2021/PN.Jkt.Pst. decided on article 30 paragraph 2, Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Technology (ITE) for the man.</em></p><p><em>The objective research is to provide legal certainty for man that the article is not in accordance with legal certainty, because the man has obtained permission from his girlfriend, not the article changing his girlfriend's password.</em></p><p><em>The method is normative legal research and statute approach which will discuss these allegations with secondary data then the research result can provide legal certainty and justice by changing the multiple interpretations of the article accusing the man that the legal position of man is not doing illegal access because he got girlfriend’s permission.</em></p>

Symbolic Interactionism of New Students in New Normal Times: Looking Glass Self through Virtual Class

The purpose of this study is to understand the interaction with verbal and non-verbal symbols and how the mind and self of new students in the new normal period in personal reflection about themselves through virtual classes. This research is qualitative research with a descriptive research type and uses a constructivist paradigm. Data collection techniques in this study were interviews and literature studies. The theory used is symbolic interactionism theory and computer-mediated communication. The results of the study show, in the context of this mind, most of the informants also started interacting with the two phases, only that they started with the language phase first, namely through chat forums or the Whatsapp (WA) conversation application. Furthermore, in the conversation phase, the informants, after feeling comfortable interacting through text conversations in the WA group, held online forums and actively talked in the video conference. In the context of self-informants, they have realized they have become part of the community, so they constantly combine "I" and "Me".

WhatsApp Data Sentiment Analyzer

Abstract: WhatsApp, a globally used communication tool in today's society, is transforming into an application where individuals express their thoughts, feelings, and opinions. A significant portion of this communication occurs within the app's group conversations. To facilitate the analysis of WhatsApp conversations, a web application called the WhatsApp Conversation Analyzer has been developed. This application leverages various Python libraries, including matplotlib, re, seaborn, streamlit, pandas, as well as foundational knowledge of NLTK (Natural Language Toolkit) for a comprehensive understanding. By importing a chat file of whatsapp from a group or single user, this hybrid system combines NLP (Natural Language Processing), NLTK, and machine learning techniques to perform a detailed analysis and provide valuable insights

Emojis on Board: The Communicative Functions of Emojis in Saudi Females’ WhatsApp Groups’ Interactions

This study examines the communicative functions of emojis as used by Saudi females aged between (35-55) in twenty-five female-only WhatsApp groups’ instant messages. These groups are chosen according to five different social purposes for which the group is created: sisterhood-related, close friendship-related, relatives-related, religion-related, and workplace-related. The data has been collected through screenshots of WhatsApp conversations naturally occurring between the females in these groups. The method used for checking the types of emojis and their frequencies is based on computer-mediated discourse analysis (CMDA) of ‘coding and counting’ (Herring 2004). All the different emojis were coded and counted and then were put to qualitative analysis on theories and methods of interactional sociolinguistics (IS) such as (Gumperz 1982; Dressner and Herring 2010). Results show that emojis have been used to express various kinds of emotions such as happiness, sadness, longing for old days, etc. Furthermore, they have been used to express different communicative functions of what Gumperz (1982) refers to as ‘contextualization cues’ such as congratulation on happy occasions, agreeing on others’ comments, compliments, sharing information with others, gratitude, sending prayers, reminding the members of religious tasks, laughing, arguing, etc. The results also prove that emojis are context-dependent and are used to help users to approximate real daily face-to-face situations to others and to facilitate the different expressed emotions and communicative functions to receivers (Dressner and Herring 2010; Evans 2017).

Identifying Hate Speech and Attribution of Responsibility: An Analysis of Simulated WhatsApp Conversations during the Pandemic.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, public confrontations between people who had agreed to be vaccinated and those who had not, highlighted the relevance of the deepening dissemination of violent and discriminatory expressions and determined a level of perception of hate discourses. A cross-sectional observational study was carried out, based on an innovative methodology: simulations of WhatsApp conversations. In addition, the following variables were considered among others: level of empathy, personality traits and conflict resolution. The participants were 567 nursing students (413 females, 153 males and 1 person who did not identify with any gender). The results showed that, for the most part, the participants correctly identified hate speech, but were unable to discern the frame of reference. It is necessary to implement intervention strategies to minimize the impact of hate speech, which continues to be used on many levels to harass others, justify violence or undermine rights, generating an environment of prejudice and intolerance that encourages discrimination and violent attacks against certain individuals or collectives.

The Role of Smartphone towards English Speaking and Listening Skills Enhancement: A Case of the University of Rwanda

This study sought to explore the role of smartphone applications to enhance English speaking and listening skills at the University of Rwanda. The study is a case study that used voluntary response sampling techniques with 20 students and 6 lecturers. Findings revealed that students used various smartphone applications such as YouTube, WhatsApp, Facebook, Tiktok and Instagram for English skills enhancement. Smartphone applications helped students to acquire speaking and listening skills in a variety of ways. Furthermore, it was found that various strategies such as recorded videos, playing games, audio songs and WhatsApp conversations were used to enhance their language skills mastery. The researchers recommend that the university authorities should ensure availability of internet so that students may use their smartphone applications effectively to enhance English skills. Lecturers should make use of smartphone applications too because the method is a powerful tool for effective learning.

WhatsApp Chat Analysis Based on NLP Using Machine Learning

A program called WhatsApp has emerged as the most popular and effective means of communication in recent years. The program, called WhatsApp Chat Analyzer, is set up on Heroku Web and offers analysis of WhatsApp groups. Although there are many other approaches for analysis, matplotlib, stream lit, sea born, re, panda's libraries of Python, and certain NLP concepts are employed here. This is the fusion of NLP with machine learning. This WhatsApp conversation analyzer imports a user's WhatsApp chat file, analyses it, and outputs several visualization’s. I've suggested a WhatsApp Chat Analyzer in this report. Different forms of communication between groups and individuals are included in WhatsApp chats. Different subjects are covered in this talk. This could give machine learning technology more data to work with. The correct learning experience is offered by machine learning models, which is a crucial factor that is indirectly impacted by the data supplied to that model. This program offers analysis of the information that WhatsApp provides. This application has the benefit of being implemented by straightforward python libraries, such as sea born, pandas, numpy, stream lit, and matplotlib, which are frequently used to build data frames and other graphs. This is shown on the web using a heroku link, which is accessible from any device with a browser. Key Word: WhatsApp Chat, Python, Stream lit, Analysis, Nature Language Processing, Emoji, Pandas, Matplotlib.

Illocutionary context and management allocation of emoji and other graphicons in Mexican parent school WhatsApp communities

The purpose of this study is to analyze the interactional achievement of emoji and other graphicons in WhatsApp communities created by and for school parents. Using a conversation analytic approach, 4824 messages written by 161 Mexican Spanish users, members of six different WhatsApp communities were examined in this study. The results show that task-oriented speech acts were the most common in this community of practice. Speech acts such as requests and responses to requests were mainly accompanied by graphicons. It was also observed that these speech acts formed adjacency pairs in which requests most often formed the first part of the sequence. It was also found that depending on the communicative purpose of the message and the type of speech act used, the graphicons functioned as either upgraders or mitigators. Graphicons also have the function of managing WhatsApp conversations by signalling conversational turns. Another finding revealed that standalone graphicons formed part of an adjacency system, replacing the verbal part of the message. Drawing on Locher and Watts’ (2005) relational work model, the analysis revealed that the interactional use of graphicons was influenced by the politeness rules of this community of practice.

Pragmatic analysis of the phraseological unit ¡calla ho!

Certain areas of the language don’t attain a complete characterization until they are analyzed through the pragmatic perspective: phraseology is an example of this. This is why we decided to do a phraseopragmatic analysis of the idiomatic expression ¡calla ho!. At first, we pay attention to that expression as a phraseological unit, that is, as a completely institutionalized segment that shows fixation and semantic specialization. Next, we analyze the elements that compose it and the individual meaning of each of them in order to discern the motivation shown by the union of the two elements and the translating meaning that derives from it. Finally, the pragmatic analysis is developed taking into account the contexts of use through Austins’s speech acts theory, that is, in some cases the speech constitutes an exercitive act and in others a behabitive act. For this purpose, we use spontaneous speech samples that represent the contexts in which this phraseological unit can be found, with the aim of providing a description of the different uses and communicative values that it shows. These samples are taken from WhatsApp conversations, since this type of communication channel, like other chats, is characterized by communicative immediacy, regardless of the elapsed time between the emission and reception of the message, in contrast to other media that a priori may seem similar, such as email.

Analysis of Illocutionary Speech Acts on 'Whatshapp' Social Media

Whatsapp is an internet-based application that has the potential to be used as a medium of This research is motivated by the use of social media among the communitywhich is expanding. One of the most popular messaging media today is WhatsApp. The author analyzes illocutionary speech acts in private WhatsApp conversations. The formulation of the problem in this research is (1) What are the forms of illocutionary speech acts that exist in Private WhatsApp conversations. (2) What is the meaning of the illocutionary speech acts found in conversations on the WhatsApp application? This study follows a pragmatic approach, the object of research is Sri Rahayu's personal WhatsApp conversations with 15 screenshots and 134 utterances. Special pragmatics in the study of speech in the form of illocutionary proposed by Searle (1969) classifies speech acts into five types, namely (1) representative speech acts, (2) directive, (3) expressive, (4) commissive, and (5) declarative . Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that the form of WhasApp speech consists of: (1) The existing forms of illocutionary speech acts, namely 6 utterances of assertive speech acts, 16 directive speech acts, 4 commissive speech acts, 7 expressive speech acts utterances, and declarative speech acts as many as 2 utterances. (2) The meaning of Illocutionary Acts, which means complaining, asking, asking, proposing, warning, inviting, offering, canceling, surrendering and expressing willingness.

Politeness and Impoliteness Strategies in Lecturer-Student Communication Within Cyberpragmatic Chats

This qualitative research on Cyberpragmatic attempts to explore the application of politeness and impoliteness principles in student-lecturer internet-mediated communication in English and Indonesian languages at two faculties of Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Salatiga. The native speakers' perceptions of those strategies and principles as applied in the online chatroom were also elicited to confirm the descriptive analysis of the utterances. Pragmatic data were taken, categorized, and selected from Whatsapp conversation and email correspondence screenshots between lecturers and students in eight (8) online English Language classes and six (6) classes on Ushul Fiqh subjects at Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Salatiga. Additionally, as demonstrated in the screenshots, an online questionnaire was used to elicit data on students' and lecturers' perspectives on the cyberpragmatic activities. The descriptive analysis shows that the students considered the principles of politeness as a prominent aspect of their communicative actions and managed to appropriately applied it in their cyberpragmatic activities. Additional pragmatic features of religious expressions were also used to amplify the politeness effect. Nevertheless, there were some cases where impoliteness principles were used by the students, regardless of their awareness of their pragmatic consequences. The acceptability judgement questionnaire confirmed the level of politeness and impoliteness strategies previously described. Consequently, future research may benefit from this study by exploring other aspects of cyberpragmatics such as ethnicity, gender, and other socio-political aspects, from interdisciplinary perspectives.