Wetland Environments Research Articles

Sustainability of protein potential in nagara beans (Vigna unguiculata ssp Cylindrica) from South Kalimantan

Nagara bean planting is very dependent on a wetland environment, where the land is only dry for a few months. Conditions like this affect the sustainability of the existence of nagara beans. The aim of this research is to analyze the feasibility of sustaining the existence of nagara beans based on the potential protein present in various forms. The protein content of whole nagara beans was 14.22%, when roasted it was 18.42%, when peeled and dried into flour it was 24.16%, when the fat is removed it was 22.54%, concentrate flour was 17.58%, the protein isolate was 61.31%, when fermented it becomes tempeh at 9.58%, tempeh defatted flour was 26.09%, tempeh flour concentrate was 21.28% and tempeh flour protein isolate was 38.4%, sprout flour on a small scale was 31.06%, and sprout flour on a big scale becomes 19.83%. The amino acid composition that was often found in nagara beans was glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine and leucine. Nagara bean protein is mostly in the form of globulin and albumin. Based on its protein potential, nagara beans are feasible to maintain their continued existence.

Application of lidar to assess the habitat selection of an endangered small mammal in an estuarine wetland environment.

Light detection and ranging (lidar) has emerged as a valuable tool for examining the fine-scale characteristics of vegetation. However, lidar is rarely used to examine coastal wetland vegetation or the habitat selection of small mammals. Extensive anthropogenic modification has threatened the endemic species in the estuarine wetlands of the California coast, such as the endangered salt marsh harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris; SMHM). A better understanding of SMHM habitat selection could help managers better protect this species. We assessed the ability of airborne topographic lidar imagery in measuring the vegetation structure of SMHM habitats in a coastal wetland with a narrow range of vegetation heights. We also aimed to better understand the role of vegetation structure in habitat selection at different spatial scales. Habitat selection was modeled from data compiled from 15 small mammal trapping grids collected in the highly urbanized San Francisco Estuary in California, USA. Analyses were conducted at three spatial scales: microhabitat (25 m2), mesohabitat (2025 m2), and macrohabitat (~10,000 m2). A suite of structural covariates was derived from raw lidar data to examine vegetation complexity. We found that adding structural covariates to conventional habitat selection variables significantly improved our models. At the microhabitat scale in managed wetlands, SMHM preferred areas with denser and shorter vegetation and selected for proximity to levees and taller vegetation in tidal wetlands. At the mesohabitat scale, SMHM were associated with a lower percentage of bare ground and with pickleweed (Salicornia pacifica) presence. All covariates were insignificant at the macrohabitat scale. Our results suggest that SMHM preferentially selected microhabitats with access to tidal refugia and mesohabitats with consistent food sources. Our findings showed that lidar can contribute to improving our understanding of habitat selection of wildlife in coastal wetlands and help to guide future conservation of an endangered species.

The Implementation of A School Based on A Wetland Environment From An Ecological Citizenship Perspective

Humans and the environment are two things that are interconnected and cannot be separated from each other. Educating people who are aware of the importance of the environment certainly requires effort. One of them is through educational institutions. This study uses a qualitative approach by presenting data from research results. Processed and presented qualitatively. This study used observation data collection techniques, interviews and documentation. Analysis of the research data used interactive model analysis techniques (interactive model of analysis) from Miles and Huberman. In this interactive analysis model, the researcher moves on three components, namely data reduction, data display and verification. The results of this research found that the Adiwiyata Middle School curriculum always prioritizes the active involvement of all school members in environmental conservation. The organization at the Adiwiyata school in Banjarmasin City has one of its missions, namely environmental preservation. The existence of an environmentally based curriculum will create a new culture, namely an environmental culture where school residents will be more aware of the importance of protecting the environment.

New fossil remains of Bovids from the Middle Siwaliks of Punjab, Pakistan

ABSTRACT A detailed taxonomic study of fossil mammals from five different localities including Nagri, Padhri, Markhal, Dhok Pathan type locality and Hasnot, from the Miocene of Middle Siwalik, Punjab, Pakistan, has been conducted. Bovidae described here are represented by thirty-six specimens including horns core, isolated teeth, fragments of maxilla and mandibles. Thirteen specimens belong to Gazella lydekkeri, including one horn core which are described first time from the Padhri and Markhal localities. Additionally, ten specimens belong to Pachyportax latidens and three specimens belong to Selenoportax vexillarius. Quantitatively, the bovids were more distributed than other taxa, provide evidence of medium (Gazella) size bovids from the Middle Miocene mammalian fauna. The palaeoenvironment of Nagri Formation was most humid with extensive forest and grasslands, while Dhok Pathan Formation has fluvial deposits indicating a wetland environment with mosaic of marshes, forests and woodlands. The dominance of fossil specimens of family Bovidae suggests an extremely moist environment with small, abundant standing water bodies. Biogeographically, the Miocene mammalian fauna of the Middle Siwalik resembled to Eurasian and African Miocene fossil localities. The composition of fauna from our studied sites suggests Late Miocene age. The described fossil remains indicate that large-sized fauna was present here during the Miocene.

Kinetics release of heavy metal Cu from sediment affected by the mimic vegetation under unidirectional flows and regular waves

The process of heavy metal contamination in wetlands is becoming increasingly prevalent due to rapid urbanization. Heavy metals deposited in the sediment can be re-released into the water under disturbances, leading to significant impacts on the water environment and ecosystem. The release of heavy metals in wetlands is a complex phenomenon involving the intricate interplay of physicochemical and biological mechanisms. To gain insights into the adsorption-desorption processes of Cu under the influence of hydro-sediment dynamics, indoor experiments were conducted in this study, considering the presence of mimic vegetation at a short-term scale. The biological processes were not explicitly considered in these experiments. To analyze the kinetic processes of heavy metal migration at the water-sediment interface influenced by mimic vegetation under different hydrodynamic conditions, several equations were utilized, including the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation, double constant rate equation, Elovich equation, and parabolic diffusion equation. The pseudo-second-order kinetic equation can best simulate the Cu release process, with R2 ranging from 0.98 to 0.99. In order to enhance the accuracy of our predictions, the stem-Reynolds number (Red) is introduced into the original pseudo-second-order kinetic equation to account for the influence of mimic vegetation on the release of heavy metals. As a result of this improvement, the release processes of Cu were better predicted using the updated equations. The error between the improved equation and the actual measured value is reduced to less than 10 %. These improved methods are suitable for both unidirectional flow and wave conditions affected by mimic vegetation, and they offer vital parameters for numerical simulations of heavy metal transport in riverine or coastal wetlands. This research contributes to a better understanding of the complex processes governing heavy metal dynamics in wetland environments and provides valuable insights for effective environmental management and protection.

The connectivity threshold of the wetlands based on water environment response, and a case study of China’s Baiyangdian wetland

The quality of the water environment of wetlands is closely related to the changes in hydrologic connectivity, so wetland responses to changing connectivity exhibit a range of optimal connectivity values. Identifying these ranges of values is of great significance for wetland ecological restoration. Current studies mostly determine the hydrologic connectivity ranges based on a single target, even though connectivity simultaneously affects multiple water environment targets. Hence, the optimal hydrologic connectivity should be determined by accounting for multiple targets. With the Baiyangdian Wetland as the study area, we developed a method to model how the water environment responded to changes in hydrologic connectivity from three perspectives: hydrodynamics, water quality, and aquatic habitat. To do so, we used the BP neural network model and a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm to calculate the hydrologic connectivity values in a context with multiple targets. We found that under the optimal hydrodynamic target, the integral index of connectivity (IIC) threshold was [0.23, 0.61] and the probability connectivity (PC) threshold was [0.32, 0.68]; under the optimal water quality target, the IIC threshold was [0.42, 0.70] and the PC threshold was [0.48, 0.82]; under the optimal aquatic habitat target, the IIC threshold was [0.38, 0.69] and the PC threshold was [0.35, 0.71]; and under the comprehensive optimization target, the IIC threshold was [0.48, 0.64] and the PC threshold was [0.51, 0.73]. These ranges of values will help wetland managers determine the optimal ecological water releases to meet the ecosystem quality targets.

Testing the presence of cereal-type pollen grains in coastal pre-Elm Decline peat deposits: Fine-resolution palynology at Roudsea Wood, Cumbria, UK

By the time of the Mid-Holocene Ulmus pollen decline (UD) ca. 5100 14C bp (ca. 5900 cal. BP), the Neolithic was becoming well established in Britain and Ireland. The importance of cereal cultivation as part of the initial neolithization process in the British Isles is uncertain, as archaeological sites of the first Neolithic remain elusive. Palaeoecologists have recorded cereal-type pollen grains in peat deposits that pre-date the UD significantly, but as some wild grasses can produce pollen that closely resembles cereal pollen grains, these early pollen records are not trusted as evidence of cereal cultivation. Some of these wild grass taxa grow in coastal wetland environments, making cereal-type pollen from such locations particularly open to question. This study uses fine-resolution palynology through a sequence of coastal hydroseral deposits that contain no evidence of human activity, to look for the presence of wild grass pollen of cereal size and morphology. Our results show that while such grains are not recorded at 1 cm resolution, at contiguous 2 mm resolution sampling sporadic occurrences of large grass pollen of possible cereal-type, resembling Hordeum, were detected. Morphology suggests that these cereal-type grains are of wild grass origin, almost certainly Glyceria, but their presence suggests that high-resolution analyses of coastal zone sediments will often discover cereal-type grains. Great care must be taken in identifying cereal-type pollen in coastal palaeo-wetland sediments, and rigorous identification protocols should be applied. Where grains could still be of cultivated cereal-type, the presence of other disturbance indicators is an important factor in inferring their origin.

Great Salt Lake wetland vegetation and what it tells us about environmental gradients, drought, and disturbance

Great Salt Lake (GSL) wetlands support more than 300 species of migratory birds and provide many ecosystem functions, including flood and drought attenuation, dust mitigation, and water quality improvement. Wetland vegetation is a key factor in providing those services and can also tell us about how healthy a wetland is. From 2103 to 2022, 135 GSL wetlands were surveyed to develop a multi-metric index of GSL wetland condition. That wetland condition data, along with environmental variables like soil and water chemistry and physical disturbance, are summarized here as 1) an ecological characterization of the three main types of GSL wetlands, 2) a description of how the plant community differs across environmental and anthropogenic disturbance gradients, and 3) assessment of the major risks to GSL wetland health. GSL wetland plant species are generally resistant to environmental disturbance because of the anatomical and physical adaptations that allow them to survive in dynamic wetland environments. However, land use conversion and the rapid expansion of invasive species, the major threats to GSL wetland health, have seriously degraded wetland condition around GSL. In addition to being useful in wetland monitoring and assessment, the results presented here can also identify wetlands in need of enhanced protection or those with restoration potential as well as setting realistic wetland restoration goals for the region.

Students’ Level of Knowledge of SDN Tatah Alayung on the Environmentally Conscious and Disaster Mitigation School Program in A Wetland Environment

Schools with Environmental Insight and Disaster Mitigation (SWALIBA) are part of educational institutions that are committed to and systematically integrating environmental values, and disaster preparedness attitudes into all aspects of school activities. The SWALIBA process involves three stages, namely development, progress, and service, which reflect the condition and readiness of the school to run this program. SDN Tatah Alayung is currently in the preparation stage to become a SWALIBA school, which requires physical and non-physical preparation. An assessment of the physical aspects of the school has been carried out to evaluate the readiness to implement SWALIBA at SDN Tatah Alayung, and the results will be presented in scientific articles and activity reports. The approach methods in the Community Partnership Program include counseling, discussion, training, simulation, mentoring, monitoring, and evaluation of activities. Program evaluation shows that the level of student understanding at SDN Tatah Alayung is 96.79%, categorized as good. However, in terms of mitigation, training, simulation, and outreach regarding disasters in swamp areas, improvement still needs to be done because students' understanding is still below 50%. The analysis results were obtained from 53 respondents from class IV, V, and VI students. The technology that was successfully implemented involved changing attitudes and habits through outreach activities, discussions, training and simulations, as well as creating an attractive SWALIBA pocketbook for elementary school students.

Collective action problems led to the cultural transformation of Sāmoa 800 years ago.

In this research we identify the processes leading to hierarchical society in a region of Sāmoa, the often-labelled 'birthplace' of the Polynesian chiefdoms. Our analyses in the Falefa Valley on 'Upolu island combine lidar mapping and ground survey to reveal an extensive system of archaeological features: rock walls, ditches, and platforms. Excavation and radiocarbon dating underpin a feature chronology and characterize feature variation. Soil nutrient analyses and geoarchaeological coring indicate spatial differences in the agricultural potentional of the valley and human modification of the environment over time. Our results demonstrate that the construction of large rock walls, some several hundred meters long, began approximately 900-600 years ago, shortly after rapid population rise in Sāmoa. This was followed by the building of small rock walls, often enclosing rectilinear fields or platforms. Both rock wall types are concentrated in the western and northern regions of the valley and greater rock wall densities are associated with areas of higher agricultural potential. The earliest wall construction was penecontemporaneous with partial forest removal that created a more productive wetland environment in the southeastern region of the valley, an area later a focus of agricultural ditching. We propose that with population rise the variable fertility of agricultural land became a significant resource gradient, influencing the population in two ways. First, areas of more fertile agricultural land promoted territorial behaviour, including large rock walls, and led to a collective action problem. Second, niche construction in the form of human-induced environmental change created a productive wetland agricultural system that was enhanced with a reticulate ditch network, the maintenance of which also led to a collective action problem. We conclude that in the Falefa Valley, the second largest catchment in Sāmoa, collective action problems were the cause of increased social hierarchy and may underlie the origins of chiefdoms throughout Polynesia.

Low-Cost Sensors and Multitemporal Remote Sensing for Operational Turbidity Monitoring in an East African Wetland Environment

Low-Cost Sensors and Multitemporal Remote Sensing for Operational Turbidity Monitoring in an East African Wetland Environment

Distributional and behavioral responses of the wintering Oriental Storks to drought in China's largest freshwater lake

Extreme droughts are increasing in frequency and severity globally as a result of climate change. Developing understanding of species' responses to drought is crucial for their conservation, especially in regions experiencing increased aridity. Although numerous studies have investigated birds' responses to drought, the emphasis has primarily been on landbirds. Drought can significantly alter the wetland environments that waterbirds inhabit, but the response of waterbirds to drought remains understudied. In this study, we surveyed the distribution and behavior of Oriental Storks (Ciconia boyciana) in Poyang Lake, which is the largest freshwater lake in China. Results indicate that drought-induced catchment areas at the lowest water level limited the total population size of Oriental Storks in the sub-lakes. Sub-lakes with large catchment areas at the lowest water level demonstrated a capacity to support a larger population of wintering Oriental Storks. Over time, Oriental Storks exhibited a gradual concentration in Changhu Lake, characterized by larger catchments, after resource depletion in sub-lakes with smaller catchments. Additionally, the duration of Oriental Storks’ vigilance and moving behaviors decreased significantly compared with that observed before the drought. After the drought, Oriental Storks increased their foraging efforts, as evidenced by increased presence in deeper water and reaching their heads and necks into deeper water to forage, higher search rates, but lower foraging rates. In accordance with area-restricted search theory, reductions in habitat quality resulting from drought, including extensive fish die-offs, forced Oriental Storks to increase their foraging efforts. Sustaining a specific water area in sub-lakes during droughts can preserve resource availability, which is crucial for the conservation of Oriental Storks. Implementing measures such as water level control and micro-modification of lake bottoms in sub-lakes might mitigate the impact of drought on the piscivorous Oriental Storks.

Determinants of Stock Investment Decisions of Investor in Environmental Wetlands

This study aims to examine the determinants of investment decisions of stock investors in wetland environments. Investment is an activity of investing funds or capital in other parties, either directly or indirectly with the hope that the owner of the capital will get a number of benefits from the results of investing the funds or capital. There are several factors that influence investment decisions including financial literacy, Risk Perception, Financial Experience and Herding. This study uses a quantitative research approach. The population in this study are the investors in the Wetland Environment, with a sample of 122 investors who fit the predetermined criteria. The sample sampling technique in this study used non- probability sampling. The data that used in the study are primary data, with the data collection method in the form of a questionnaire distributed using google form. The data analysis technique uses multiple regression analysis by first conducting a validity test, reliability test, and classical assumption test. The results found that Financial Literacy, Financial Experience and Herding behaviour have a positive effect on Investment Decisions, while Risk Perception has no effect on investment decisions.

Five draft genome assemblies from Bacillaceae isolated from a degraded wetland environment.

We isolated five Bacillaceae from a degraded wetland environment and sequenced their genomes using Illumina NextSeq. Here, we report draft genome sequences of Bacillus velezensus-SC119, Priestia megaterium strain SC120, Bacillus zhangzhouensis strain SC123, Bacillus pumilis strain SC124, and Bacillus idriensis strain SC127. The genomes range between 3,657,353 and 5,772,725 bp with % GC between 37.62% and 46.38%.

New Methods for Establishing Time of Death when Dealing with Natural Mummification from Bog Environments

Natural mummies are human and animal remains that have been naturally preserved over time. In most cases, these mummies are formed through a combination of environmental factors such as the soil's chemical makeup, temperature, and humidity. One of the most well-known, yet uncommon, examples of natural mummies are those found in bogs, wetland environments characterized by low oxygen levels and acidic water. Mummies discovered in these bog environments will be the focus of this paper. It will discuss the challenges associated with establishing the time of death for natural mummies. Various factors influence the mummification process including the acidity of the water, temperature, and the presence of microorganisms. As a result, traditional methods of estimating the time of death, or post-mortem interval (PMI), may not be reliable. This paper will also review recent advances in the field, including but not limited to stable isotope analysis, DNA sequencing, and proteomics. This will allow researchers to understand the taphonomic processes at play and improve the accuracy of time of death estimations. Overall, this paper provides practical insights into the complex processes involved in determining the time of death in natural mummies and offers information about new technologies useful for researchers in this field.

Borneo Wetlands Mobile Application Using Case Method on Wetland Environment Reading Material

The importance of the role of wetland environments and the need for more approach so that students have knowledge and are aware of the significance of wetlands that exist around them brings the researchers to develop the Borneo Wetlands Mobile Application. This research employed a Research and Development focusing on Analyze, Design, and Develop phases. The participants on the needs analysis phase are ten lecturers and 95 English Department students from nine universities in South Kalimantan and 65 participants joined the Develop phase as the representative universities. The data was gathered from a questionnaire and a pilot test during the phases. The product was validated by three experts from media, content, and language fields. The results of the analyze phase showed that there is a need to develop reading materials that cover diverse text types from wetland topics due to the fact that not all university students are aware of the wetland existence. The next phase is design phase that resulted design brief. The third and last phase of this study is the application development phase with support from the IT team. The obtained scores from the validators are 80% (Very Good criterion), 82% (Very Good criterion), and 85% (Excellent criterion) respectively. Regarding the pilot test, most of the students responded positively (88.69%) with Excellent criterion. Wetlands can be one of the topics provided to foster a more nuanced awareness of wetlands as students live in South Kalimantan possessing many wetland areas. Students as users are encouraged to apply critical thinking and analytical skills to devise sustainable solutions, promoting a more practical approach. In short, this Borneo Wetlands application is valid and feasible to use for English Department students in South Kalimantan as well as for general users.

Miocene (Burdigalian) coastal lowland vegetation and palaeoclimate based on a palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the Els Cardscolers site, Majorca, Spain

The early Miocene (Burdigalian) macroflora of the Els Cardscolers site (Majorca Island, Balearic Islands province, Spain) is studied here from a palaeoecological and taxonomical perspective. The study shows the presence of a palaeotropical flora with thermophilic and hygrophilic elements characteristic of a coastal wetland environment, formed by monocotyledons, Lygodium gaudinii, palms (Sabalites sp.), a predominance of shrubs with Myrica lignitum and the presence of accessory elements such as Berberis kymeana, Engelhardia orsbergensis, Ziziphus paradisiaca, Sapotacites minor and Myrica longifolia. Arboreal taxa like Lauraceae or Fagaceae and some Fabaceae species were also present. The temperature values obtained by CLAMP analysis are as follows: MAT: 17.6–19.9 °C, WMMT: 24.3–27.07 °C, and CMMT: 10.4–14.2 °C. These findings suggest a warm climate with little temperature seasonality. Precipitation values (e.g., GSP, MMGSP, Three_WET, and Three_DRY) suggest the absence of a summer-dry regime although a clear contrast in precipitation is inferred. The inferred climate is similar to that of other coeval regions of Southern Europe, although it stands out for its high values of CMMT. It is similar to the climate of the island of Evia in Greece. From a floristic point of view, the Els Cardscolers flora is similar to the Burdigalian site of Cristo Rei (Portugal), and a clear relationship with the floral complex of Ipolytarnóc-Luzern (Hungary) also can be inferred.

Understanding Wetland Environmental Risk Mitigation Communication Strategy: A case study in Banjarmasin

The environmental problems of wetlands in Indonesia, especially in Kalimantan, are not only problems of land fires, haze, floods, but can also be in the form of collapse of buildings due to the contour of swampland and the use of river channels with various uses both for community life, transportation facilities, and river channels as part of tourist destinations. The purpose of this study is to explain the problem of phenomena that often occur in wetlands for tourism activities. Qualitative research methods with case studies, data collection techniques are carried out by collecting various news about motorboat accidents, observations, interviews, and documentation of river crossing tours from social media. The results showed that mitigation communication to prevent accidents in river channel tourism activities has three components that should be jointly responsible, namely the government, river crossing tourism managers, and river crossing visitor communities. Three components are not partially but comprehensively responsible for overcoming problems with risk mitigation. The river is part of the local wisdom of the people in Kalimantan, by utilizing the existing potential to maximize the increase in tourism objects based on comfort and safety.

Evaluation of soil fauna biodiversity in restored farmland for protection of wetland ecology by planting different crops

Wetlands play a crucial role in oxygen production, air purification, and quality maintenance. Thus, conservation of wetland is essential in response to natural and anthropogenic damaging activities. Restored farmland, utilized to repair the southern buffer zone of Jiangsu Yancheng Wetland National Nature Reserve for Rare Birds, was used to investigate and analyze the diversity of migratory birds and soil fauna. In this study, five different crops, colza oil, mustard, Chinese cabbage, wheat, and barley, were planted in the restored plots, which were foraged by overwintering migratory birds, resulting in low crop yield. The soil fauna biodiversity and biomass in the wheat, Chinese cabbage, and colza oil plots during winter were relatively rich, which attracted many migratory birds to roost and feed. The variability and population of migratory birds significantly improved (18 species and 164231 migratory birds), which was owed to soil fauna and planted crops. Therefore, based on the results of our study, farmland restoration could significantly enrich the biodiversity of soil fauna and migratory birds, improve the ecological environment of wetlands, and attract more migratory birds as inhabitants.

Development of Wetland Environment Based Textbooks to Improve Critical Literacy Competencies

Based on rankings carried out by a number of international institutions, the literacy level of Indonesian students is still below the literacy level of other countries. Based on the research results, there are a number of factors that cause this. One of these factors is the need to provide quality textbooks for critical literacy learning. However, until now there have been no good textbooks designed to improve critical literacy competencies. Therefore, research into the development of this textbook was carried out. The development of this book is based on the land environment and critical literacy. In the development process the ASSURE model was used(analyze learners; state objectives; select (methods, media, and materials); utilize materials; require learners' participation; evaluate and revise). The results of the development obtained the following findings: the validation results from material and language experts obtained an average score of 89%, which means it is very feasible; the results of media expert validation obtained an average score92% which also means very feasible; and students' literacy competence before using this book was 59.64 and after using this textbook their competence became 79.47, which means there was an increase in literacy competence by 24.95%. The implication is that the textbooks resulting from this development need to be used in language learning in schools to improve students' critical literacy competencies.