Wet System Research Articles

Impact of Dye Encapsulation in ZIF-8 on CO2, Water, and Wet CO2 Sorption.

The fast adsorption kinetics of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) enable a wide range of sorption applications. The most commonly used framework, ZIF-8, is relatively non-polar. Increasing the polarity of ZIF-8 through the encapsulation of different polar species shows promise for enhancing the sorption performance for pure CO2. Recently, the outlook has re-focused on gas mixtures, mostly in the context of post-combustion CO2 capture from wet flue gasses. While water is known to sometimes have a synergistic effect on CO2 sorption, we still face the potential problem of preferential water vapor adsorption. Herein, we report the preparation of three ZIF-8/organic dye (OD) composites using Congo red, Xylenol orange, and Bromothymol blue, and their impact on the sorption properties for CO2, water, and a model wet CO2 system at 50% RH. The results show that the preparation of OD composites can be a promising way to optimize adsorbents for single gasses, but further work is needed to find superior ZIF@OD for the selective sorption of CO2 from wet gas mixtures.

Advancing Urban Wastewater Management: Optimizing Sewer Performance through Innovative Material Selection for the Armlet with a Wet Circuit Measurement System

Rainwater infiltration presents substantial challenges for urban wastewater management systems. This article delves into enhancing the quality of wastewater systems by proposing a novel device designed to tackle this issue comprehensively. The focal point of our research revolves around the conceptualization, construction, rigorous testing, and the potential multifaceted applications of this innovative wastewater device. Our study is dedicated to assessing the viability of a cutting-edge apparatus that empowers municipal entities in swiftly identifying rainwater ingress points within channels during precipitation events. Our findings vividly showcase the device’s remarkable capability to directly measure moisture levels along the channel’s path, eliminating the arduous need for manual data input, extensive data collection, and intricate water analysis procedures. To ensure the seamless flow of both sewage and water within the sewer channel, the use of a relatively slender strap is conventionally favored. However, factoring in the requisite structural robustness, we recommend a minimum thickness of 4 mm for 3D printing applications. For instances where maintaining the channel’s cross-sectional area integrity is paramount, opting for an armlet with a wet circuit measurement thickness of up to 7 mm is vital. In the realm of material selection, our investigation advocates for the utilization of PC/ABS (polycarbonate/Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene), ABS, ASA (Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate), or HIPS (High Impact Polystyrene) for strap housing. For sewer diameters surpassing 315 mm, the application of thin-walled PVC (Poly Vinyl Chloride) emerges as a practical recommendation. Notably, the incorporation of PVC flat bars is discouraged, as their presence might potentially hinder the fluidity of sewage flow, thereby compromising the precision of wet circuit measurements. The pivotal innovation lies in the armlet with a wet circuit measurement system, harboring immense potential for broad-scale integration across municipal facilities. This solution emerges as a streamlined and efficient strategy, offering a comprehensive avenue for continuously monitoring, fine-tuning, and optimizing the structural soundness and operational efficacy of sewer systems.

Deep mineralization of VOCs in an embedded hybrid structure CoFe2O4/MoS2/PMS wet scrubber system

Peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based advanced oxidation processes in liquid phase systems can actively degrade toluene. In this work, the catechol structural surfactant was introduced to synthesize the dispersed and homogeneous CoFe2O4 nanospheres and embedded into MoS2 nanoflowers to form magnetically separable heterojunction catalysts. The innovative approach effectively mitigated the traditionally low reduction efficiency of transition metal ions during the heterogeneous activation process. In CoFe2O4/MoS2/PMS system, the toluene removal efficiency remained 95% within 2 h. The contribution of SO4⋅-, ·O2-, ·OH, and 1O2 was revealed by radical quenching experiment and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results illustrated that MoS2 offers ample reduction sites for facilitating PMS activation via Fe3+/Fe2+ redox interactions. Furthermore, an investigation into the toluene degradation pathway within the CoFe2O4/MoS2/PMS system revealed its capability to suppress the formation of toxic byproducts. This ambient-temperature liquid-phase method presented promising route for the removal of industrial volatile organic pollutants.

Constraining flow and sediment transport intermittency in the geological past

Quantitative investigations of ancient rivers usually provide insights into either instantaneous or mean flow conditions. There is a critical gap between these time scales of investigation, which reflects the intermittency of flow and sediment transport, and closing this gap is crucial to fully explore the dynamics and evolution of ancient fluvial landscapes. Here, we combined fluvial stratigraphic data sets, flow and sediment transport models, and paleoclimate general circulation model (GCM) results to develop new methods to estimate intermittency in the geological past, specifically flow intermittency factors (Iw) and sediment transport intermittency factors (Is), and we show how they can be used to explore past hydrograph shapes. We illustrated these methods using the Upper Cretaceous Last Chance Ferron Sandstone in Utah, western United States. For sand-transporting flow conditions in Last Chance Ferron rivers, we estimated Iw values of 0.54−0.90, which imply that channel-forming conditions were sustained for the majority of the year, consistent with perennial systems in which relatively large discharges were sustained. In contrast, for gravel-transporting flow conditions, Iw values of 0.28−0.38 suggest that the largest formative flows may have occupied Last Chance Ferron rivers for nearly a third of the year, which could be explained by a monsoonal system in which high-magnitude discharge events were sustained, or a subtropical system in which high-magnitude discharge events had short durations but high frequencies. Meanwhile, Is values of 0.075−0.15 suggest that annual sediment budgets could have been transported in as little as 10 days and up to 2 months, if channel-forming conditions were sustained, and these values highlight that small changes in the duration of channel-forming conditions could significantly impact sediment budgets. Our results are consistent with independent facies- and proxy-based insights into Last Chance Ferron rivers, which point to a perennially wet system characterized by a monsoonal or subtropical discharge regime. Further, our results highlight new opportunities to use paleoclimate GCMs to constrain intermittency factors in the geological past. Going forward, paleoclimate GCMs will be particularly useful where the rock record is incomplete or inaccessible, or where stratigraphic approaches are limited, and they will enable us to tackle pertinent research questions pertaining to past surface processes on both Earth and other planets.

Thermal and energy performance evaluation of a dry floor heating system based on hybrid heat storage aggregates for field application

The application of thermal energy storage (TES) systems in buildings has increased with growing interest in renewable energy technology. TES systems that use phase change materials (PCMs) are preferred over other energy storage methods. This study produced an activated carbon (AC)-based shape-stabilized PCM (ACS-PCM) using AC and n-eicosane, which was injected into a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) container to manufacture a heat storage container. The thermal properties of the ACS-PCM were analyzed to evaluate its performance when the manufactured heat storage container was applied to a dry floor heating system. Because of its high thermal conductivity, the ACS-PCM was superior to n-eicosane in heat transfer when heated. Moreover, the ACS-PCM exhibited a time-lag effect owing to heat storage during heating and free cooling. The PCM dry floor heating system consumed 77.3 % of the energy of the wet floor heating system. Finally, to increase the heat transfer efficiency, the ACS-PCM and pure n-eicosane were simultaneously injected into the PCM container to fill the gap between them; however, there was a temperature difference, highlighting the need for improved thermal conductivity of PCM container materials.

Formation and migration of soluble ions in condensable particulate matter in limestone-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization system

In this work, the emission characteristics of condensable particulate matter (CPM) and soluble ions in the inorganic components after wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) were investigated by adjusting the operating parameters of the limestone-gypsum WFGD system. Using a combination of US Method 202 and US EPA Method 5 as the primary measurement method, the study is an experimental study and analysis of the properties of CPM emitted from a limestone-gypsum WFGD system. Based on the measurement results, the influence of some important WFGD operating parameters on CPM emissions was evaluated. The results showed that CPM accounts for 84% of total particulate matter (TPM) emissions in desulfurized flue gas. The composition of CPM is primarily inorganic, comprising 96% of the components, with only a small portion being organic at 4%. The CPM that condensed to a solid state was generally less than 1 μm in diameter and mostly came from WFGD process. The analysis of soluble ions showed that Ca2+ and SO42- were the main ionic components in CPM. By adjusting the desulfurization operating parameters (inlet flue gas temperature, desulfurization solution temperature, desulfurization solution concentration), the concentration of soluble ions can be reduced to different degrees, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing CPM emission. This demonstrated that the CPM emission problem of limestone-gypsum WFGD system could be relieved by operating parameter optimization.

SO3 removal rate and emission test of the limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization system for coal-fired power plants

This paper studies the SO3 removal ability of dual tower wet desulfurization (in series) and adopts a combination of on-site flue gas sampling and laboratory condensation control. A dual tower (series) supported boiler is used. The SO3 content in the original and clean flue gas of the dual cycle wet desulfurization device was measured, and the removal rate of SO3 of the device was measured. Desulfurization is calculated on the basis of the influence of unit electrical load, coal sulfur content, and desulfurization (raw material flue gas) inlet particle concentration on removal rate. This paper discusses and analyzes the SO3 and SO3 emission concentrations for SO3 removal rules in desulfurization systems. The results indicate that the total sulfur content of coal is relatively high, and the concentration of SO3 is relatively high. The traditional flue gas and net flue gas content in the dual tower wet desulfurization system (series) is relatively high. When burning sulfur-containing coal, there may be “blue smoke” in the flue gas. When the unit load changes between 182 MW and 350 MW, the SO3 removal rate of dual tower wet desulfurization (in series) is between 46.7% and 65.3%, with a net flue gas SO3 concentration of 16.0 mg/m3∼20.5 mg/m3. Due to equipment layout and other reasons, the SO3 removal rate of the primary tower is lower than that of the secondary tower. The removal rate of SO3 is also affected by the concentration of original smoke particles. Due to the condensation of SO3 on the particles and the dust removal of the adsorption tower, the higher the concentration of raw flue gas particles is, the higher the removal rate is. SO3 will be higher. The study also suggests the SO3 removal ability of double tower (series) and double ring wet desulfurization, which is better adapted to changes in load and coal. The next step is to explore the SO3 removal capacity of the dual tower system by optimizing its operating parameters. In addition, due to the arrangement of a desulfurization system after dust removal, it is impossible to control the SO3 source. Subsequent research can control the production of existing SO3 through coal distribution and combustion control.

Emission from Thermal Power Plant having stacks of heights 100m and 275m

Power is a basic demand of today's world, therefore many power plants are set up across the world to supply the demand of the power and they are of various different categories, Thermal power plant is one of the type of such plants uses thermal energy for power generation or to produce electrical energy. Despite having so many advantages thermal power plants are a threat to environment. Thermal power plant caused air pollution by emitting pollutant like PM, NOx, SOx, TPP are one of the examples of point source. Air pollution is a threat to environment, impact flora and funa and fine particles from industrial plants and numerous other sources are particularly dangerous to human health. Main pollutants from these plants are SOx, NOx, and PM. Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) look after such plants and suggest measures, and set limits to emissions from these plants. MoEF&CC previously suggested that the height of 275m for the stack to emitted flue gas into the atmosphere, it got amended in 2017, suggested that power plant with a power generation capacity of mini 100MW or more with wet FGD system installed, should construct a stack of mini 100m height or H=6.902(Q*0.277)^0.555. Pollutant dispersion in the atmosphere varies as the stack height vary thereare max chances for worst condition the GLC from the same source will vary as the stack height varies. This study focused to found out GLC emission from the same plant for two different stack heights i.e., 100 and 275. A case study of Odisha Thermal Power Corporation Limited (OTPCL), the 2400MW(3*800MW)thermal power plant near Kamakhyanagr Dist. Dhenkanal, Odisha is taken, and results show that if the stack height is 275 the max GLC (worst case) obtained will be under National Ambient Air Quality Standard but for stack height 100m max GCL (worstcase) exceeding the NAAQ standard and huge air pollution will happen. Keywords Air pollution . Thermal Power Plant . Stack Height . AERMOD

A feasibility Study on the exhaust-gas treatment efficiency of a wet-scrubber system equipped in a diesel engine: A focus on smoke emission

A feasibility examination was conducted on a wet-scrubber system designed in this study to investigate the exhaust gas treatment efficiency of a wet-scrubber system equipped with a diesel engine. This preliminary investigation limits to evaluate the feasibility of the wet scrubber system in decreasing smoke. The influence of multiphase flow configuration in wet-scrubbing aftertreatment systems on emission formation is an interesting topic in the field of exhaust gas aftertreatment. It is our initial attempt to investigate the influence of multiphase flow configuration in a wet-scrubbing hybrid aftertreatment system on key pollutants emitted from Diesel engines in the future. This wet scrubber works by spraying water into the exhaust gas stream. The engine was tested at three-speed conditions (1,500 rpm, 1,800 rpm, and 2,000 rpm, respectively) while varying its torque from 15 to 30 N.m. The results show that under these operating conditions, the smoke level after the scrubber decreases by up to 50%. Please note that only fresh water was used in this study, and the impact of catalysts that could further decrease exhaust gas pollution will be investigated in future studies. The water droplets serve as a medium for capturing and collecting the soot particles present in the exhaust gas. Through collisions, the water droplets cause the soot particles to adhere to their surfaces, a process known as impaction. Additionally, the larger water droplets can facilitate coagulation or agglomeration of the particles, resulting in their enlargement and enhanced capture efficiency.

Design and Simulation of a Multilayer Chemical Neural Network That Learns via Backpropagation.

The design and implementation of adaptive chemical reaction networks, capable of adjusting their behavior over time in response to experience, is a key goal for the fields of molecular computing and DNA nanotechnology. Mainstream machine learning research offers powerful tools for implementing learning behavior that could one day be realized in a wet chemistry system. Here we develop an abstract chemical reaction network model that implements the backpropagation learning algorithm for a feedforward neural network whose nodes employ the nonlinear "leaky rectified linear unit" transfer function. Our network directly implements the mathematics behind this well-studied learning algorithm, and we demonstrate its capabilities by training the system to learn a linearly inseparable decision surface, specifically, the XOR logic function. We show that this simulation quantitatively follows the definition of the underlying algorithm. To implement this system, we also report ProBioSim, a simulator that enables arbitrary training protocols for simulated chemical reaction networks to be straightforwardly defined using constructs from the host programming language. This work thus provides new insight into the capabilities of learning chemical reaction networks and also develops new computational tools to simulate their behavior, which could be applied in the design and implementations of adaptive artificial life.

Squeeze flow of a Maxwell fluid between two parallel disks or two spheres

In this study, we investigated the squeeze flow of an upper convected Maxwell fluid between two rigid disks or spheres. It has been proved that the velocity field of the Maxwell squeeze flow between two disks is similar to Newtonian at low Deborah numbers. Based on the Newtonian fluid velocity field, we analyze the pressure distribution between two parallel disks and develop a theoretical model of normal squeeze force. We also use the same method to analyze the interaction between two nearly contacting, arbitrary rigid spheres. We obtained the analytical expression of the pressure distribution and normal squeeze force, which can be implemented into the contact model for the discrete element simulation of a wet particle system with the Maxwell fluid.

Performance of Rice Varieties under Different Systems of Cultivation for Southern Telangana Zone

A field study was conducted during kharif, 2021 at College Farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, PJTSAU to evaluate the performance of rice varieties under different systems of cultivation for Southern Telangana Zone. The treatments consisted of three systems of cultivation i.e., transplanted rice with spacing of 15 cm x 10 cm, wet direct seeded rice (Drum seeding) with a spacing of 30 cm x 6-8 cm and dry direct seeded rice at 30 cm x 5 cm row spacing in main plots and four varieties i.e., RNR 11718, JGL 11118, JGL 24423 and RNR 15048 in sub plots. Experimental data revealed that wet DSR recorded superior growth parameters, yield and yield attributing characters i.e., plant height, number of tillers, number of effective tillers m-2, grain yield and straw yield compared to other systems of cultivation. Significantly higher grain and straw yield was recorded with wet DSR system which was on par with transplanted rice and significantly superior to dry DSR. Among varieties JGL 24423 registered higher grain yield and straw yield.

Varietal Characterization and Variables Investigation for Basmati Rice Genotypes Adaptation in Wet Direct Seeding and System of Rice Intensification

Varietal Characterization and Variables Investigation for Basmati Rice Genotypes Adaptation in Wet Direct Seeding and System of Rice Intensification

Studi keragaan kapal pengawas hiu 02 di Pangkalan Pengawasan Sumber Daya Kelautan dan Perikanan Bitung

The objectives of this study are to determine the amount of fuel consumption within one hour at 600, 1200, and 1700 rpms; describe the operation of the vessel's main engine; and describe the systems in the vessel's main engine. A patrol vessel serves to carry out surveillance and law enforcement against vessels engaged in illegal fishing. In conducting surveillance, the patrol vessel is supported by a main engine, which is a component that propels the vessel. The operation, the main engine requires fuel oil (BBM) to drive the engine. The research findings indicate that : (1) the fuel consumption of the main engine within one hour is 54 liters at 600 rpm, 108 liters at 1200 rpm, and 170 liters at 1700 rpm; (2) the operation of the main engine is carried out by checking the fuel, lubricating oil, cooling water, and opening the fuel valve and seawater valve before starting the engine. Then, turn the engine contact switch from OFF to ON position to enable the ship to move, and to stop the engine, reduce the engine throttle and turn the contact switch from ON to OFF position, and then close the opened valves; (3) The systems in the main engine include the electric starting system, fuel system, wet lubrication system, and closed cooling system.

Influence of Critical Zone Architecture and Snowpack on Streamflow Generation Processes: A Mountain‐Meadow Headwater System in a Mediterranean Climate

AbstractObservations from a granitic watershed within a Mediterranean climate reveal the hydrologic and critical zone functioning of a perennial stream headwater and its upslope contributing area within a meadow system in the Sierra Nevada, California. Chemical analysis (diagnostic tools of mixing models, end member mixing analysis, tritium, etc.) and physical data (stream stage, piezometers, soil water, snowpack, etc.) indicate there are two primary pathways of water input into a headwater stream sourced from a mountain meadow. One input is a shallower and younger subsurface pathway with water that resembles snowpack chemistry, and the other a deeper and older subsurface pathway with water that reflects the chemistry of the groundwater derived from the contributing hillslopes. Multi‐year observations reveal that regardless of snowpack amount, during the period of peak hillslope infiltration, shallow and deep pathways in the hillslope behave similarly to initiate headwater streams. However, during summer dry periods, similarities in active pathways within the meadow center are not maintained between high and low snowpack years. With less snow, perennial groundwater discharge within the meadow center is eliminated, becoming only a seasonal source at the meadow's outlet. At the meadow's edge, geophysically observed downslope thinning in saprolite thickness creates reduced lateral transmissivity and initiation points for headwater streams via enhanced groundwater discharge of upslope water. Combined, these findings suggest how loss of snowpack and critical zone structure can together mediate hydrologic function in a wet meadow system in a Mediterranean climate. Creating new understanding about the stability of hydraulic functioning in headwater wet‐meadow systems under a changing climate.

A novel dry granule preparation technology and comparison of granule properties with conventional wet system for ceramic tiles production

The ceramic tile manufacturing process uses a lot of energy, mainly thermal energy, and to a lesser extent electric energy. Total energy costs account for between 50% and 55% of average direct manufacturing costs. Fossil fuel combustion, such as natural gas combustion, produces carbon dioxide emission. Therefore, energy consumption and emissions issues are vitally important for both environmental effects and process costs in ceramic tile manufacturing. The wet process of granule production systems including wet grinding and spray drying is widely used for the production of granules. Although there is high energy consumption for the water evaporation in the spray dryer, it ensures to produce high quality tile for many years. In this study, important granule properties were introduced for a novel dry granule production system. In the successful application of a dry granulation system, the conformity of produced granules is vitally important such as particle size distribution, bulk density, flow properties, and moisture of granules and conformity for the pressing process. This paper includes the comparative studies for properties of granules produced in spray dryer and new dry granule preparation systems and the full results of the industrial trials with these granules. The cost comparison of both granule production systems was also made for the same raw material usage. The natural gas consumption and water consumption were reduced respectively from 46 to 15 m3/ton and from 540 to 95 liters/ton in the new dry granulation system while electricity consumption and maintenance costs remain almost the same in both systems.

Experimental study on three additives used for the removal of nitrite, a byproduct of ozone oxidation denitration technology

Nitrogen oxides resulting from fossil fuel combustion are one of the major atmospheric pollutants. Ozone oxidation flue gas denitration technology has garnered significant attention for its benefits such as high efficiency, low temperature and simultaneous removal of multiple pollutants. However, the large amount of nitrite in the absorption products makes it prone to secondary pollution. A cost-effective and harmless treatment of the by-product nitrite will promote the ozone oxidation denitration technology. This study focused on investigating three different additives (ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate, and urea) that can be added to react with nitrite and remove it in a harmless way. The effects of reaction temperature, initial nitrite ion concentration, reaction molar ratio, and initial pH on nitrite removal efficiency were explored. Combined with a wet spraying system, the synergistic removal of NOx/SO2 and by-product nitrite has also been studied. The experimental results revealed that with appropriate operating conditions and additives, the by-product nitrite can be efficiently removed while the system can achieve efficient removal of NOx/SO2. Among the three additives, ammonium carbonate was found to have the best overall removal effect. However, urea had an advantage over the other two additives in highly acidic and low-temperature slurry.

Watercress yield and quality vary depending on both genotype and environment: Results from highly contrasting growing systems of California and UK

Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.; Brassicaceae) is a highly nutritious leafy green vegetable consumed globally, with a rich health-related phytonutrient profile that includes the secondary plant metabolites glucosinolates (GLS), especially gluconasturtiin and its hydrolysis product phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC). The peppery taste and pungency of watercress comes from these mustard oils, and they are known to help reduce inflammation and chronic damage in cells and have been shown to have a role in cancer prevention in vitro and in vivo.We explored how both genotype and highly contrasting environments of California (CA) and the United Kingdom (UK) alter phenotypic traits for a set of F2:4 genotypes created from a unique bi-parental cross, chosen for their extreme phenotypes for yield, leaf and branch morphology, antioxidant capacity, and glucosinolate content in two contrasting field locations. Although both genotype and environment had a significant impact on plant morphology, nutritional quality, and yield, overall, the highly contrasting environments of California and the UK, had a much stronger effect.Plants grown in CA had higher biomass, thicker main stem and more branches, and a higher concentration of aromatic GLS, whilst plants grown in the UK had larger leaves with longer stems, suggesting a better harvestable product, at least for a salad and not a soup crop. Significant G x E interactions were observed for multiple traits, suggesting significant phenotypic plasticity of watercress and variation between genotypes that will enable the selection of ideotypes suitable for these highly contrasting growth environments, that can be considered as the ‘extremes’ of an environmental gradient where the crop might be grown, from the warm and dry soil-grown conditions of California to the relatively cool and wet aquatic growing system of the UK.

A synthetic machine learning framework for complex crystallization processes: The case study of the second-order asymmetric transformation of enantiomers

Improving the flexibility and capabilities of pharmaceutical technologies and lowering the process development time while satisfying regulatory constraints translate to highly desired resilient supply chains. Generating and validating the necessary knowledge in-silico before experimentation or plant-scale intervention with minimized human implications is the dream this paper aims to contribute to. The idea is demonstrated through the case study of particle size-controlled second-order asymmetric transformation of enantiomers (SOAT), a crystallization and racemization-based resolution technique. The fundamental processes form a complex network, to which we propose a crystallization-integrated wet milling system, which is promising but has limited general, and no SOAT-specific operation experience. The developed computational framework has three steps: (1) skilled scientists draft potential technologies to solve a well-defined problem; (2) all alternatives are modeled with high fidelity first-principle models, followed by high throughput parametric optimizations (3) data mining is deployed to extract key information from the synthetic database of optimal solutions and take the effectiveness of process design and operation to the next level. In this work, population balance-based models were applied to describe the crystallization, fragmentation, and chemical reaction in the crystallizer and wet mill. The efficient implementation enabled the execution of nearly 1300 global multiobjective process optimizations. Carefully trained classifiers consistently predicted the with or without milling and with or without T-cycling decisions (AUC score exceeding 0.85). Regression methods estimated the product property profile with Pearson coefficients over 0.95. The results agree with the existing SOAT literature based on a literature meta-analysis, but some of the conclusions point beyond the state-of-the-art.

Assessment of a Multi-Stage Wet Scrubber Performance Based on Characteristics of Scrubbing Solution

This paper presents the wet scrubber performance on acid gas absorption based on pH and conductivity measurements. The waste combustion system comprised of a CFB combustor in which mainly plastics waste was loaded into the riser (15 cm ID x 1.5 m long). The scrubbing experiments were conducted using a two-stage wet scrubber used as air pollution control device. The performance of the wet scrubber system was assessed by studying the changes in the pH and conductivity. The scrubbing solution was prepared using lime. The optimum lime concentration was obtained from bench experiments, giving an initial pH of up to 13. The scrubbing solution samples were collected from the solution tanks after every 2 minutes for 40 minutes. The scrubbing solution flow rate ranged from 0.53 to 0.95 L/s while the gas flow rate from the blower was kept constant at 16 m/s. It was observed that the pH of the scrubbing solution for both stages decreased to neutral range with increasing operation time. The decrease in pH and conductivity was initially faster before increasing slightly due to deposition of fly ash. It was concluded that the multi- stage wet scrubber is capable of removing toxic acid gas and particulate matter