Western Wing Research Articles

The Moon and the Zither: The Story of the Western Wing. By Wang Shifu, translated by Stephen H. West and Wilt L. Idema. [Berkeley, Los Angeles & Oxford: University of California Press, 1991. 503 pp. $34.95.

The Moon and the Zither: The Story of the Western Wing. By Wang Shifu, translated by Stephen H. West and Wilt L. Idema. [Berkeley, Los Angeles & Oxford: University of California Press, 1991. 503 pp. $34.95.

The moon and the zither: the story of the western wing

The moon and the zither: the story of the western wing

The amplitude of auroral backscatter: II. Topology of the backscatter range-azimuth distribution

The range-azimuth distribution of auroral backscatter echoes received at Essoyla at frequencies of 93 and 45 MHz is predicted for a model which includes the effects of electron density, magnetic aspect angle, and the azimuth of current flow and also takes into account ionospheric refraction. The distribution is in the form of an arc with maxima of backscatter in both eastern and western wings. As the electron density increases, the intensity of the backscatter increases more rapidly and the azimuths of maximum backscatter separate even further. For currents flowing along the L-shells, the backscatter is strongest in the eastward wing. This asymmetry is intensified if the current flow is rotated anti-clockwise but if the current flow is rotated sufficiently in a clockwise direction the backscatter is stronger in the westward wing. These predictions are supported by observations made at Essoyla.

Geological Consideration on Rank Variation within the Central Part of Western Wing of the Sorachi Anticline in Ishikari Coalfield

Geological Consideration on Rank Variation within the Central Part of Western Wing of the Sorachi Anticline in Ishikari Coalfield

National Integration and Modern Judicial Procedure in India: The Dar-Us-Salam Case

Students of political development are in agreement that national integration is a precondition of modernization.' Only a strong identification with the new nation-state can mobilize the energies of the traditionally-minded masses of the population sufficiently for the tasks of economic construction. Yet, the very process of building up consciousness of a broader we than the primary groups of family, tribe, caste and religion may threaten to exclude some minorities from the new national consensus by drawing a sharper and less than universal definition of nationality.2 Nation-building in Europe turned out not to be the harmonious symphony of nations of which Mazzini dreamed, but a nightmare of persecution and war. India has been plagued with this double effect of national integration, especially with respect to its fifty-odd million Muslims. Her twin and neighbor, Pakistan, was created by those of the Muslim leaders who asserted before Partition that Hindus and Muslims formed two separate nations. Pakistan has continued to base her national identity upon religion and proclaimed herself an Islamic republic, in part because the eastern and western wings of the country have so little else in common. Inevitably this has tended to render suspect the loyalty of Indian Muslims, for the most part wrongly, in the eyes of some of the Hindu majority in India. Muslims on their part are unwilling to accept a Hindu version of Indian culture and nationality if it violates their own religious scruples, for instance, against polytheism and idolatry. Fortunately for them the Indian constitution, unlike Pakistan's, is thoroughly secular, and the minority is at least assured legal equality. Indeed, the Indian government has so far even been careful not to insist that the Muslim Personal Law (the Sharia) be replaced by a common civil code, as has occurred with Hindu traditional law.

Centro de investigaciones I.B.M., en las proximidades de Niza

In order to fit in with the landscape and also meet the local building regulations, this Centre was planned as a two storey building, lifted above the ground by columns, whose height varies between 4.29 and 7.92 m, according to the ground slope. The building planform is in the shape of a double Y, and has, among others, the advantages of making it possible to provide natural illumination to all the rooms, reduce the maximum distance of the most distant parts of the building from the vertical communications, and avoid that one wing of the building shall interrupt the view of the other parts of it. GENERAL ORGANISATION. The ground floor is taken up with the mechanical equipment, porter's lodge, and other services. The other levels provide room for the scientific research laboratories, study rooms, washing rooms, along the northern and western wings; and administrative offices, staff rooms, cafeteria, kitchen and stores along the southern and eastern wings. At the centre there is an exhibition hall, visible from the main entrance hall, and a full set of IBM machines, in working order, are displayed. The folded roof structure is noteworthy. It is circular in shape, and was initially planned as a car and bicycle garage, but now serves as a lecture hall. It is located near the entry ramp, and consists of prefabricated slabs, assembled around a central prestressed ring.

Aeropuerto de Viena

This building has three main blocks. The central one comprises the passenger and merchandise traffic facilities; the western wing houses the administrative offices and the western one the restaurant. The central part of the building is 80 x 60 x 17 ms in overall dimensions, and has two main floor levels. On the top one there is a gallery from which the runways can be overlooked, and which also provides a view of the transit hall. The lower floor, at ground level, includes sanitary, postal and luggage arrangements. The Administrative building is 85 ms long, 13 wide and 14 ms high, and has four levels. The restaurant building is also 14 ms high, but its ground area is 90 x 13 ms, and it has three storeys. The control tower is directly attached to these buildings. This braincentre of the airport is organised in nine storeys, whose total height is 35 ms, and house the most advanced reception and transmission equipment. The airport has a parking arrangement capable of accommodating 1,500 cars. The size, level of organisation, and detailed ellaboration of all its features makes this one of the outstanding airports in Europe.

Geological Study of Kubiki Gas Field

Kubiki Gas Field is a general term of the several gas fields existing in Kubiki Plain in the south-western part of Niigata Prefecture. Five gas fields, Katamachi, Meijj, Kuroi, Asahi, and Shinkuroi, have been discovered by now, while a potential oil pool has been discovered in the south western wing of Katamachi structure. All of these fields are now being actively developed. In this paper, the writer investigates the stratigraphy and tectonic history of Kubiki sedimentary basin where above-mentioned gas and oil fields are located, and further explains the consideration on the migration and accumulation of oil and gas which show an unique distribution.

The Problem of East Pakistan

S EVEN YEARS of bitter wrangling have at last forced the recognition of po0 litical parity between the two parts of Pakistan and the consolidation of the western wing into one administrative unit. Yet although the most recent crisis has been temporarily overcome, the basic conditions of instability have altered little except in degree of accentuation. In addition to its many other problems, Pakistan has the unique handicap of being divided into two sections lying more than a thousand miles apart. The resulting difficulties involve more than merely communication; the two parts have less in common than many neighboring states. East Pakistan is a riverine province, with heavy rainfall and lush vegetation, inhabited for the most part by descendants of pre-Aryan stock who were converted to Islam. West Pakistan is dry and largely barren, and is inhabited by descendants of either the earlier Aryans or the later Muslim invaders. East Pakistan has the majority of the population, West Pakistan the larger area. West Pakistan was formed out of the old provinces of Sind, the Northwest Frontier, and the western part of the Punjab, along with peripheral areas including Baluchistan, Khairpur and Bahawalpur. East Pakistan, however, is only half of the former province of Bengal plus the district of Sylhet. Some of the politicians who first assumed power in Pakistan preferred to regard the matter in this light-counting East Pakistan as only one province among many. Such a view disregards the important fact that East Pakistan not only has the majority of the nation's population but also earns the largest share of the nation's foreign exchange, chiefly through the export of jute (though this position is now being challenged by the export of cotton from West Pakistan). The Bengalis of East Pakistan have thus far lacked the qualified professional political leadership needed for the full exploitation of their province's assets. They have been treated unfairly in such matters as the allocation of national revenues, development projects, and government posts by the Central Government. As early as March I949 the then Muslim League Chief Minister of East Pakistan felt it necessary to expose the legitimate grievances of the province in a speech before the budget session of the provincial legislature.'

Geology of the Western Parts of Isawa and Nishi-Iwai-gun, Iwate Prefecture

This area which occupies a part of the backbone ranges between Iwate and Akita Prefecture consists largely of marine Lower and Middle Miocene, terrestrial Upper Miocene and Lower Pliocene sediments. These are underlain by the Permian sediments and granodiorite, moreover overlain by the Recent volcanics. The Cenozoic sediments of this area are sub-divided as shown in the text. In the eastern part of this area, the Orose, Mizuyama, and Ohira formations make a centroclinal fold with low angles. These formations are also broken by a system of radial faults conversing to the center of the area and make some minor folds with the N-S trend along the western most part. In the central part of the area, the Maekawa and Orose formations make a system of asymmetrieal folds with axes forming broad arcs with their concave sides facing towards the east and with dip angles of 10-20° along every western wing and of 15-30° along every eastern wing. The western part of the area consists of the Oidegawa and Isawagawa formations besides the subjacent pre-Tertiary rocks. An anticlinal structure traverses along the middle portion of this part, and the Maekawa and Oidegawa formations dip at angles varying from 20° to 40° towards the east along the eastern wing, and the Iwaigawa formation and the pre-Tertiary rocks are exposed along the crest of the anticline. The Maekawa and Oidegawa formations which build the western wing of the anticline dip westwards at angles of 30°. After deformation of the Permian sediments, intrusion of granodiorite and subsequent prolonged subaerial denudation, the first intense extrusion of basic lava and its pyroclastics of Neogene age took place in this area. This volcanism was followed by the first marine transgression of the Neogene and it was at this time that the initial phase of the Tertiary geosyncline in North Japan was born. The Lower Miocene Isawagawa formation is a product of such a condition. The subsequent intense volcanic activity of acidic lava and its pyroclastics occurred during progression of the aforestated marine transgression. Thus, the middle Miocene Oidegawa formation of shallow water origin were formed. When these volcanisms became weakened and marine transgression progressed further, the siliceous shale besides conglomerates of the Maekawa formation deposited. The aforesaid conditions were followed by marine regression in this area which resulted in the deposition of coarse-grained pyroclastic sediments of the Orose formation. Before the sea was completely withdrawn from this area, gradual uplift along the western borderland occurred. Thus, following complete regression, the Orose was well as the subjacent formations became exposed above sea-level. The dacite and its tuffs of the Mizuyama formation were deposited in a depressed basin fomed in the Upper Miocene in this area. With the opening of the Pliocene, the lowland of this area was invaded by a new marine transgression. This transgression is responsible for the building of the Ohira formation. After the deposition of the Ohira formation, this area was uplifted and all of the Neogene formations stated above were subject to a subaerial denudation until Recent date. Some volcanic cones, sub as Yakeishi-dake, etc., were formed in the late Pleistocene, and the several river terraces and fans were constructed along the eastern margin of this area almost simultaneously with the neo-volcanisms or somewhat later.

Stratigraphical Development in Kwangsi

In summarizing the geological events, it is revealed that the main structur in Kwangsi, the Epsilon structure, was not accomplished to its present status in one orogeny, but in successive periods. The early stages, although rudimentary, served a postive controlling factor on sedimentation. Eight stages can be recognized in the history of development:1. Caledonian Movement. Elevation of the Kiangnania in northern Kwangsi (part) and the depression of the Cathaysian geosyncline. The southern end of the Kiangnania is responsible for the formation of the backbone of the Kwangsi system.,2. Liukiang Movement. First appearence of the western wing as a barrier in the Tuyang range and a similar land trending east and west in north central Kwangsi.3. Huainan Movement. Uplift ot the western and southern regions of Kwangsi along the positions of the western and frontal parts of the arc structure.4. Tungwu Movement. Formation of the basin in central Kwangsi and the elevation of western part of the province, as has happened in the Huainan Movement.5. Suwan Movement. Repetation of the Huainan and Suwan Movements, but more conspicuous.6. Huaiyang Movement. Rejuvenation of the preceding movement and the formation of basins inside of the arc.7. Nanhsiang Movement. Strong folding.8. Yenshan Movement. The chief and final orogeny. Formation of the Epsilon structure to its present status.

Re-opening of the British Museum (Natural History)

THOSE portions of the British Museum (Natural History) t at have been restored have been re-opened to the public. The hours of opening are 10 a.m.-6 p.m. on weekdays, and 2.30 p.m.-6 p.m. on Sundays. The/Museum suffered considerably from bomb-blast and fires resulting from air raids during the War. Eittle or no irreplaceable material was lost, as all the most valuable specimens had been evacuated to places of safety. But the Botanical and Shell Galleries were destroyed (the latter fortunately being empty at the time), and in many of the galleries exhibits were damaged, notably those of birds and mammals in the Western Wing. The Museum has been re-opened as soon as the minimum of essential repairs could be completed, but as yet the public can be admitted to only a few of the galleries on the ground floor, namely, the Central and North Halls, the Fish Gallery, the Insect Gallery, the Reptile Gallery and the Whale Hall. Selections of specimens from the more seriously damaged parts of the exhibition are on view temporarily in these galleries. As the work of repair and reconstruction proceeds, more galleries will become available for exhibition purposes and will be reopened.

Sectionalism in Congress (1870 to 1890)

Sectionalism is a fundamental and persistent factor in American politics. In the shaping of congressional legislation and even in the formation of the platforms of our national parties, the influence of conflicting sectional interests is of prime importance. The precise nature of such sectional conflicts and the alignment of the various sections upon the leading policies of the time are clearly revealed by an analysis of the votes and debates in Congress on outstanding issues of national importance. Such votes, mapped by congressional districts, show that again and again party lines are broken by the force of sectional interest and that both Republicans and Democrats divide into sectional wings.A study of the period from the early 1870's to 1890 shows that sectionalism at that time was in large measure the product of the interaction of two movements in our national development,—the rapid expansion of Western settlement, particularly in the trans-Mississippi Middle West (the West North Central states) and the Mountain region, and the marked intensification of industrialism in the older sections of the country, especially in the North Atlantic states. Sectional alliances are flexible and shift with changing economic conditions. The East North Central states, for example, which at the beginning of the period usually vote in alliance with the West North Central and South, by the later eighties are found often on the side of the North Atlantic, a change which may be due to the fact that in the interval they had undergone a marked industrial development which gave them economic interests in common with the older sections. The areas of strongest radical voting move farther West with the shift in the centres of production of grain and livestock; that is, the nucleus of revolt in the Western wing of the Republican party especially is in the newer agricultural regions.