Western Wind Research Articles

Ocean Model Studies of Upper-Ocean Variability at 0°, 160°W during the 1982–1983 ENSO: Local and Remotely Forced Response

Abstract A hindcast of the 1982–1983 ENSO event using a primitive equation ocean circulation model forced by monthly mean wind stresses based on the SADLER pseudostress fields shows very good agreement with observations at 0°, 159°W between June 1982 and March 1983. The hindcast experiment is analyzed to explore the processes that caused the large accelerations, decelerations, and thermal changes observed during this time. Several hindcast experiments incorporating variations of the SADLER wind field and several idealized experiments incorporating a western Pacific westerly wind event are analyzed and compared with the 1982–1983 SADLER hindcast to explore the importance of local and remote forcing, the relative importance of zonal and meridional wind stress changes, and the dynamical signatures of the processes at work. Meridional wind stress changes have little effect on either the zonal velocity or temperature fields. Local zonal wind stress variations can account for the qualitative changes in the uppe...

The Compilation of the Gyffard Partbooks

The ‘Gyffard’ partbooks (British Library, Add. MSS 17802–5) are perhaps the most important source of Tudor sacred music of the mid-sixteenth century, for unlike the only other collection that could reasonably lay claim to that title—the Henrician partbooks at Peterhouse, Cambridge—they have survived intact. Just six of Gyffard's 94 pieces have contemporary concordances, and only three of these are wholly straightforward. Taverner's Western Wind Mass (no. 24) turns up again in John Sadler's partbooks; two voices only of Redford's Christus resurgens (no. 58) are found in Tenbury MS 389 and its companion, the James part-book; and Van Wilder's Pater noster (no. 6) is printed in Susato's Liber quartus ecclesiasticarum cantionum quatuor vocum (Antwerp, 1554). Two of the three problematic items appear to be four-part reworkings of what were originally five-voice pieces. Taverner's Dum transisset (no. 61) appears a5 in both the Dow and Baldwin partbooks; Johnson's Gaude Maria Virgo (no. 85) is found in its five-part version, though textless, in British Library, Add. MS 31390; finally, a fragment of Tye's Western Wind Mass resurfaces in British Library, Add. MSS 18936–9, attributed to ‘Alphonsus’. There are therefore at least 88 unica in Gyffard—a significantly higher proportion than in any other contemporary source of comparable size. Our knowledge of the state of English sacred polyphony on the eve of the Reformation is heavily dependent on these partbooks, for they preserve a representative cross-section of liturgical genres by a wide range of composers encompassing the great and the obscure.

Intrabasinal tectonic control on fluvial sandstone bodies in the Cloverly Formation (Early Cretaceous), west‐central Wyoming, USA

AbstractTemporal and spatial changes in alluvial sand‐body geometry and palaeodispersal patterns of the lower part of the Cloverly Formation (Early Cretaceous) in west‐central Wyoming suggest differential uplift within the developing medial to distal foreland basin and existence of subtle structurally controlled topography nearly 60 Myr before classic Laramide uplift in the Wyoming foreland province. This intraforeland structural topography exerted a significant control on dispersal and deposition of widespread gravels of Neocomian‐Aptian age.Surface studies have established the presence of two conglomeratic sandstones in the Cloverly Formation in the western Wind River Basin. Both conglomeratic sandstones are chert arenites, but the lower conglomeratic sandstone is characterized by dark chert pebbles derived from western and southwestern extrabasinal sources and was deposited by braided rivers, whereas the upper conglomeratic sandstone is characterized by intraformational clasts derived locally from adjacent floodplains and deposited by NE‐flowing rivers of moderate sinuosity which carried a higher proportion of suspended load in stable bank‐confined channels.Surface and subsurface mapping of sandstone‐body geometry in the lower dark chert‐pebble conglomeratic sandstone, together with palaeocurrent analysis of trough cross‐bedding, reveal a major NE‐flowing trunk river system in the area. Lithological correlation of surface sections to adjacent well logs, together with regional format correlation of fine‐grained intervals in well logs up to 120 km E of the outcrop belt, enable detailed mapping of the trunk system. The trunk system was approximately 5–10 km wide, and may have been confined by subtle structural topography developed by recurrent differential uplift along NE‐trending fractures in Archaean basement rocks. The fractures are along strike with diabase dike swarms and faults mapped in Archaean basement rocks of the Laramide Wind River uplift. The lower chert‐pebble sandstone is absent for a lateral distance of at least 30 km between these lineaments, including an area of at least 1000 km2, indicating the existence of a low NE‐SW‐trending interfluve perpendicular to the axis of the modern Wind River Range.Early Cretaceous development of structural topography and partitioning of the medial to distal foreland basin of west‐central Wyoming were most likely controlled by tectonic reactivation and differential uplift along fractures in Archaean basement rocks in response to early thrust loading and intraplate stresses during initial subsidence of the foreland basin.

Paleodepositional Dip Perspective of Fort Union Sandstone Reservoir Architecture, Western Wind River Basin, Wyoming

Paleodepositional Dip Perspective of Fort Union Sandstone Reservoir Architecture, Western Wind River Basin, Wyoming

Intra- and Extrabasinal Tectonism, Climate, and Intrinsic Factors-Controls on Early Cretaceous Fluvial Architecture, Western Wind River Basin, Wyoming

Intra- and Extrabasinal Tectonism, Climate, and Intrinsic Factors-Controls on Early Cretaceous Fluvial Architecture, Western Wind River Basin, Wyoming

Stratigraphy of the Lower Cretaceous Muddy Formation and the Drainage Pattern of Its Paleovalleys, Wind River Basin, Wyoming

Valley-fill deposits of the Lower Cretaceous Muddy Sandstone contain significant stratigraphically trapped hydrocarbon accumulations and are an important exploration target in Wyoming's Bighorn, Powder River, and eastern Wind River basins. An integrated subsurface and outcrop study of the Muddy Sandstone in the western Wind River basin was conducted in order to determine (1) if Muddy paleovalleys and are present there, (2) if potential for stratigraphic traps exists, and (3) if source rocks of sufficient quality and maturity are able to charge the Muddy reservoirs. The results of the study reveal that the Muddy Sandstone (up to 100 ft thick) contains a series of unconformity bounded progradational shoreface deposits, separated by a valley-fill sequence (up to 60 ft thick). In general, the Muddy Formation is divided into three informal zones: (1) a lower marine zone, containing at least two progradational shoreface highstand parasequences; (2) a middle zone, which consists of a lowstand fluvial/estuarine valley-fill sequence (8-10 mi wide); and (3) an upper marine zone, containing at least three landward-stepping highstand shoreface parasequences. In the southwestern Wind River Basin, the Muddy paleovalley trend is north-northwest, parallel to the present-day structural trend of the Wind River thrust and its parasitic anticlines. However, insteadmore » of continuing into the potentially prospective northwestern Wind River basin, the paleovalley makes an abrupt 90{degree} turn westward, a few miles north of Ft. Washakie. A detailed understanding of how Muddy paleovalley drainage reacts to basement faults could become a key predictive tool for future Muddy exploration in the northern Rocky Mountains.« less

Tensleep, Minnelusa, and Casper Formations, Wyoming and Adjacent States: Study of Permian-Pennsylvanian Oil Occurrence and Oil Gravity Distribution: ABSTRACT

In an area covering the western Wind River basin, all of the Bighorn basin, and the northern half of the Wyoming part of the Powder River basin, the Tensleep/Minnelusa Formation contains vast quantities of oil. South of that line, very little Tensleep/Minnelusa/Casper Formation oil is found, even in large, closed structures. Examination of outcrops and correlations in the subsurface south of that line show little or no paleotopographic relief on top of those sandstones. North of the line, there is much relief at the top of the sandstones (probably stabilized dunes). Where the relief is present, there was at the time of oil formation a multitude of stratigraphic traps to hold oil until structures developed during the Laramide orogeny. Where there was not relief at the top of the sandstone, oil was not trapped. Various writers have suggested that oil nearest the outcrop on the flank of a basin will usually be of lower gravity than oil farther from the outcrop, because meteoric waters enter the aquifer and degrade the oil. A careful study of the distribution of oil gravities found in the eastern Bighorn basin in the Tensleep and throughout the Minnelusa producing area of the Powder River basinmore » does not support the meteoric water theory. Rather, it appears that all oil formed and trapped in the Permian-Pennsylvanian beds was at about 35/sup 0/ API gravity. When structures formed, the oil remigrated to new structural or new stratigraphic traps, and the degradation of the oil to lower gravities was probably a function of the distance traveled by the migrating oil to its new trap.« less

Kenneth Koch Revisited

Kenneth Koch Revisited Robert DiYanni (bio) With Wishes, Lies and Dreams and its companion volume, Rose Where Did You Get That Red? Kenneth Koch demonstrated how to make reading and writing poetry come alive for children. Aside from the optimism and the inventiveness of these books, perhaps their most important achievement was the integration of reading and writing in teaching poetry to children. Moreover, their influence has ranged beyond the elementary school classroom to include high school and college students, who have benefited from introductory poetry texts such as John Frederick Nims's Western Wind and Robert Wallace's Writing Poems. Though Nims' book emphasizes reading poetry and Wallace's text stresses writing it, both implicitly endorse Koch's approach to integrating the two skills. Recently Koch has continued his poetical pedagogy with the help of Kate Farrell, in Sleeping on the Wing: an Anthology of Modern Poetry with Essays on Reading and Writing. The authors describe their new book this way: This is an anthology of modern poetry. It includes a number of pages of poetry by each poet who is in it, and has essays about the poets and their poems and suggestions to you for writing poems of your own . . . . You will find that reading poetry is a great help in writing it, and that writing it is very good for your understanding of what you read. A logical place to start reading poetry is with modern poetry—since that is the poetry of our own time. The premises of Sleeping on the Wing are those of the earlier books. While the focus on modern poems directs the book more at high school students than at the younger children for whom Koch first developed his teaching strategies, Koch and Farrell's pedagogical approach easily adaptable to any audience of any age. Koch and Farrell themselves have ably demonstrated that with their book about teaching in a nursing home, I Never Told Anybody. Two other virtues of Sleeping on the Wing deserve note: its essays on the twenty-three poets, and the writing suggestions that follow these essays. In their introductions to the work of each poet, Koch and Farrell subordinate literary-historical and biographical information to highlight the distinctive features and animating impulses of the poet's work. Their writing suggestions form a set of guided assignments, most of them invitations to compose poems. Specific, lucid, and imaginative, these assignments encourage students and challenge them, without rigidly prescribing how to proceed or what to say. Moreover, they direct students back to a rereading of the poems, with the necessity for writing themselves prompting students to reread more closely than they might have otherwise. The essays and writing suggestions follow the poems rather than precede theme, thus suggesting that students ought to encounter the poems directly before having them mediated by the authors' comments. To give a clearer sense of Koch and Farrell's procedure, here is a bit of what they say in their introductory note to Wallace Stevens: He thought the world, if you saw it as it really was, was beautiful and dazzling, that you could be constantly discovering its amazing beauty if you gave what you were looking at all your attention, using your imagination, seeing it as if for the first time, seeing everything always in a new way. He thought this was the most exhilirating, most joyful, best, and truest way to see anything, to think of it, to write of it. Stevens's idea was that even simple, plain things, like a blackbird or a plowed field, are exotic and amazing. Think, for example, of the rain. You look out the window and it is raining. You think, "I need my umbrella today." You're used to the rain. You look at it; but in a way you don't really see it. But what if it were the first rain you ever saw? If you didn't know what it was? If you could forget, for a minute, everything except the rain? How would it look and smell and feel and sound? What would you think or write about it? . . . These comments are noteworthy for their clarity and their concreteness...

Sour Gas Resources in Western Wyoming Basins and Adjacent Overthrust Belt: ABSTRACT

Sour gas is widely distributed in the Big Horn, western Wind River, and greater Green River basins, and the eastern part of the Overthrust belt in Wyoming. In adjacent parts of Idaho and Utah, available data to evaluate the probable occurrence of sour gas diminished rapidly west of the Wyoming border. Principal geologic and geochemical factors in the formation of sour gas include (1) hydrocarbon reactions with sulfates in source and reservoir rocks and formation fluids, (2) thermal desulfurization of crude oil at temperatures in excess of 100°C (212°F) and depths of 3,000 m (9,842 ft) or greater, and (3) catagenic decomposition of kerogen to form CH4 and H2S at temperatures of about 350°C (662°F) and depths of 7,000 m (22,965 ft) r more. Sour gas is found with an increasing probability of occurrence from the Chugwater Formation (Triassic) to the Madison Group (Mississippian). It also occurs in lower Paleozoic rocks, but the few reported occurrences preclude estimation of its resource potential at this time. Based on both surface and subsurface evidence, sour gas is closely associated with carbonate-evaporite sequences from cyclic depositional environments from subtidal through supratidal-sabkha that are present in western Wyoming from the Mississippian through the Triassic. In the three basins and the Overthrust belt, sour gas resources are estimated to have a mean volume of 20 to 27 tcf, with a 95 to 5% probability range of 7.5 to 56 tcf. The distribution by basin is estimated to be the following: Big Horn, 17%; west rn Wind River, 13%; greater Green River, 45%; and eastern Overthrust belt, 25%. End_of_Article - Last_Page 457------------

Transcribing and Editing Western Wind

Transcribing and Editing <i>Western Wind</i>

CHORAL MUSIC

Journal Article CHORAL MUSIC Get access Christopher Tye, The Western Wind Mass, ed. by Nigel Davison. ( Chester, London, 1970, 50p.) J. L. J. L. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Music and Letters, Volume LIII, Issue 1, January 1972, Pages 106-a–106, https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/LIII.1.106-a Published: 01 January 1972

"Western Wind" and the Complexity of Poetry

is not necessarily complex, although it is often thought to be so. This is difficult poetry, perhaps obscure poetry; but complexity is by no means synonymous with difficulty or obscurity. Complexity has to do, rather, with such matters as the poet's exploitation of language and the intricacy of his structure; with the aesthetic depth of a poem, we might say. The more complex a poem is, the more intense use it makes of the tech-

“Western Wind” and the Complexity of Poetry

“Western Wind” and the Complexity of Poetry

THE WESTERN WIND MASSES

THE WESTERN WIND MASSES NIGEL DAVISON NIGEL DAVISON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Musical Quarterly, Volume LVII, Issue 3, July 1971, Pages 427–443, https://doi.org/10.1093/mq/LVII.3.427 Published: 01 July 1971

Texture and Form in Taverner's "Western Wind" Mass

Texture and Form in Taverner's "Western Wind" Mass

Texture and Form in Taverner's Western Wind Mass

Texture and Form in Taverner's Western Wind Mass

Economic Change in Early Modern China: An Analytic Framework

Previous articleNext article No AccessEconomic Change in Early Modern China: An Analytic FrameworkJohn K. Fairbank, Alexander Eckstein, and L. S. YangJohn K. Fairbank Search for more articles by this author , Alexander Eckstein Search for more articles by this author , and L. S. Yang Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Economic Development and Cultural Change Volume 9, Number 1, Part 1Oct., 1960Part 1 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/449865 Views: 11Total views on this site Citations: 17Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1960 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Semra A. Aytur, Kimberly L. Ray, Sarah K. Meier, Jenna Campbell, Barry Gendron, Noah Waller, Donald A. Robin Neural Mechanisms of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain: A Network-Based fMRI Approach, Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 15 (Feb 2021).https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.587018Qing Pei A Philosophical Basis, (Nov 2021): 1–26.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78746-2_1Qing Pei Comparative Analysis of Eurasia, (Nov 2021): 139–155.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78746-2_5Yongnian Zheng, Yanjie Huang Market in State, 50 (Aug 2018).https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108562119Chong Xu, Qing Pei, Veronica Kayan Wong, Chenxian Gu, David D. Zhang Western wind meets eastern soil: road to industrialization in China (1874–1927), Asian Geographer 35, no.22 (Aug 2018): 161–175.https://doi.org/10.1080/10225706.2018.1504806Randall Morck, Bernard Yin Yeung East Asian Financial and Economic Development, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2017).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3036250Stephen Fox Reframing the influence of national culture with theory-based multi-resolution simulation models, Management Research Review 39, no.55 (May 2016): 521–545.https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-09-2014-0211G. Ingham ‘The Great Divergence’: Max Weber and China’s ‘missing links’, Max Weber Studies 15, no.22 (Jan 2015): 160–191.https://doi.org/10.15543/MWS/2015/2/3Elizabeth Lasek Imperialism in China: A methodological critique, Critical Asian Studies 15, no.11 (Jan 1983): 50–64.https://doi.org/10.1080/14672715.1983.10404865Wellington K. K. Chan The Organizational Structure of the Traditional Chinese Firm and its Modern Reform, Business History Review 56, no.0202 (Jun 2012): 218–235.https://doi.org/10.2307/3113977Irma Adelman, Cynthia Taft Morris An Inquiry into the Course of Poverty in the Nineteenth and early Twentieth centuries, (Jan 1980): 176–220.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-04063-6_10Robert H. Lauer Temporality and Social Change: The Case of 19th Century China and Japan, The Sociological Quarterly 14, no.44 (Dec 2016): 451–464.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1973.tb01384.xYen-p'ing Hao A “New Class” in China's Treaty Ports: The Rise of the Comprador-Merchants, Business History Review 44, no.44 (Jun 2012): 446–459.https://doi.org/10.2307/3112668George Pasti Comparative Studies of East Asian and Western History: Some Topics and Problems, Comparative Studies in Society and History 7, no.11 (Jun 2009): 102–113.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417500003492Chi-Ming Hou Some Reflections on the Economic History of Modern China (1840–1949), The Journal of Economic History 23, no.44 (Feb 2011): 595–605.https://doi.org/10.1017/S002205070010926X Selected bibliography 1961, Economy and History 5, no.11 (Jan 1962): 81–96.https://doi.org/10.1080/00708852.1962.10418988Albert Feuerwerker Materials for the Study of the Economic History of Modern China, The Journal of Economic History 21, no.0101 (Feb 2011): 41–60.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050700111003

A Consideration Concerning Shelves around Islands

The investigation of the shelves around an island has a considerable significance on the study of the continental shelf. The writer tried to compare the width of the shelves around the islands in Japan Sea. 1. The strike of some islands in Japan Sea corresponds to the strike of the shelves. The submarine topograrahy around an island may suggest some relations with the topography on the island. 2. Shelves around the islands are, in general, wider on the western side than on the eastern side. This is due to the difference in marine erosion by the western wind on the exposed and the lee side coast. 3. There is a large variation of width among the shelves around these islands. The period of the formation of an island may be one of the most important factors forming the variation. The writer showed such relationship in the case of Izu islands and Ogasawara islands.