Western Style Research Articles

The Design of Hydrophilic Coastal Architecture under the Background of Marine Culture Integration

Jia, Z., 2020. The design of hydrophilic coastal architecture under the background of marine culture integration. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 907–912. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The hydrophilic coastal ancient architecture has experienced several historical stages from nest to dry fence architecture, to courtyard architecture and loft architecture in the Central Plains, and then to the appearance of palace architecture, western style villa and business street arcade architecture. It has formed the phenomenon of multiple architectural culture integration and symbiosis, which embodies the integration, pragmatism, flexibility, emotion and business worship of hydrophilic coastal ancient architecture, openness and other marine cultural characteristics. At present, we should continue to innovate and develop hydrophilic coastal architectural culture, endow it with New Era Connotation and modern expression form, and carry forward Chinese traditional architectural culture.

The Jesuits and the Globalization of the Renaissance

Following a brief discussion of comparative and entangled history, and of the extension of studies of the Renaissance to the world beyond Europe, this article focusses on the Jesuits as carriers of the ideas and forms of the European Renaissance to their mission stations in Asia and the Americas. In their attempts to adapt or ‘accommodate’ Christianity to the cultures of the peoples that they were attempting to convert, Jesuit missionaries made use of Renaissance humanism, rhetoric, grammar and the concern with manners and customs that was later known as ethnography. The missionaries also made use of art and architecture in the Renaissance style to reinforce the Christian message. Their use of local craftsmen had the unintended consequence of introducing new elements into this western style, producing a hybrid art. However, without wanting it or even knowing it, the Jesuits prepared the way for the later reception of western art in India, China and Japan.

El Greco en la historia del arte occidental en Japón

El Museo de Arte Ohara de Japón conserva La Anunciación del Greco, adquirida en París en 1922. En la era Meiji (1868-1912), los pintores japoneses de estilo occidental pusieron el foco de atención en Francia como modelo pictórico. Paralelamente, la revalorización del Greco comenzó en Francia y fue extendiéndose progresivamente por Europa. En el presente trabajo se trata de mostrar el itinerario histórico en el que los pintores japoneses conocieron al Greco a través de sus contemporáneos franceses, llegando a interpretar las obras del Greco en su propio contexto.

Culture and Green Advertising Preference: A Comparative and Critical Discursive Analysis.

As environmental concerns began to emerge, companies started to target toward the growing ‘green market’ to launch their green products. Companies’ green advertising played an important role in facilitating corporate green marketing and fuelling the desire for environmental-friendly commodities. Applying a Critical Discursive Perspective, this study focuses on corporate environmental advertising in order to illuminate their discursive strategies and the process through which corporate green advertising generates and symbolically structures the necessity of green consumption. The comparison of constructive characteristics and constructed meanings of green advertisings identified embody distinction in Western and Chinese cognitive style and process.

IDENTIFICATION OF TRANSCRIPTOMIC CHANGES TO EUTOPIC ENDOMETRIUM BY PRESENCE OF ENDOMETRIOTIC CYSTS – HARNESSING THE POWER OF EXISTING NONHUMAN PRIMATE DATASETS

To identify significant changes to eutopic endometrium by presence of endometriotic cysts, removing confounding effects of hyperandrogenemia (T) and/or western style diet (WSD). Increased susceptibility to endometriosis was previously reported in a cohort of rhesus monkeys following treatment with mild hyperandrogenemia in the presence/absence of WSD [1].

개항 이후 대한제국기까지 육군 복식의 상징 문양에 대한 연구

Since their first introduction in 1895, various emblems have been used in Western-style modern army uniforms. Carved emblems on army uniforms include stars, pear blossoms, roses of Sharon (Mugunghwa), etc., depending on the items which constituted the Army uniforms. This study explores the emblems used in Western-style army uniforms. The main contents of this study are as follow. First, a traditional emblem from the past, the Taegeuk emblem, was used in modern army uniforms. The Taegeuk emblem, which had existed without major changes since the traditional period, emerged as a national symbol of Joseon after it opened its ports to international trade, and was applied only to the army uniforms that had changed into Western style. Second, items that had been seen as emblematic since the traditional period, including roses of Sharon (Mugunghwa), pear blossoms (Ewha), arrows, and Hangeul, were made into emblems and applied to military uniforms. Especially, Mugunghwa and Ewha were symbols of the nation, and they were almost universally used in emblems of military uniforms. Third, traditional emblems were changed into western emblems, such as star and leaf emblems. Fourth, items from the West were introduced as emblems. Instead of the Korean traditional musical instruments, ancient pipes and drums, Western musical instruments symbolizing military bands were engraved as emblems.

Motion but no speed: Colonial to post-colonial status of water and sanitation service provision in Mombasa city

Amidst climate change, coastal cities in Africa will face serious water and sanitation problems owing to the predicted flooding of coastal lands and saltwater intrusion into freshwater aquifers. For cities such as Mombasa, the problems will be further compounded by high prevalence of informal economies and settlements superimposed on western style governance systems. Yet, right from colonisation to the present day, the water supply and sewage systems have been characterised by a series of inequalities in access. This review paper, discusses the water and sanitation backlogs in the coastal city of Mombasa, tracing them from the colonial times to the post-colonial period. Against this background, we overview the current situation of the water and sanitation sector in the city and discuss possible sustainable interventions. We argue that any analysis of the water and sanitation challenges must consider the motive of the development of the infrastructure during the colonial times. We conclude that sustainable water and sanitation services are likely to remain a mirage unless the issues of funding, cost recovery, data availability and overall governance are fully addressed. A good understanding of both historical inadequacies and current investments would help in designing sustainable interventions going forward.

Palmitic Acid Targets Human Testicular Peritubular Cells and Causes a Pro-Inflammatory Response

Palmitic acid (PA) is a major fatty acid, derived from diet and endogenous production, which is being linked to inflammation. While such actions of PA at the level of the testis remain difficult to examine, we reasoned that studies in human testicular cells may be instructive. Human testicular peritubular cells (HTPCs) can be isolated from men and cultured. They have contractile properties but also produce Interleukin 6 (IL6), express the inflammasome member NLRP3, and via glia cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), they contribute to the spermatogonial stem cell niche. We found that PA at 100 µM significantly increased the levels of IL6, while NLRP3 or the related Interleukin 1 beta (IL1beta) were not affected. The contractility marker calponin (CNN1) and the growth factor GDNF were likewise not affected. ELISA studies confirmed the stimulatory PA actions on IL6. Hence, PA derived from diet and/or endogenous sources may be able to foster a pro-inflammatory milieu in the testis. A possible link of these results to diet and high fat intake and obesity is indicated by the about 12-fold elevated testicular levels of IL6 in testes of obese rhesus monkeys (n = 3), fed with a Western Style diet. They had elevated 2–5-fold increased body fat and increased circulating triglyceride levels. Further consequences of PA and obesity for testicular functions remain to be evaluated.

Liability of Asianness? Global talent management challenges of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean multinationals

Within a short time, China, Japan, and Korea have produced worldwide leading multinational enterprises (MNEs). As they expand globally, these companies face major challenges in global talent management (GTM). This article provides a comparative analysis of the major GTM challenges MNEs from these countries experience and the underlying reasons thereof. Our comparative overview reveals similarities in ethnocentric staffing, traditional headquarters-driven organizational cultures, and home-country language policies. While there are striking differences in performance appraisal, reward and compensation, and promotion and career advancement, these GTM practices of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean MNEs are converging to Western style global best practices, though at different levels. Building on and enriching the convergence debate and the distance literature, we identify organizational and country characteristics that help better understand the reasons for these similarities and differences.

Study on the Diet and Hygiene Society

The establishment of the Diet and Hygiene Society was based on the starting point of improving the diet and health habits of the Chinese people, and soon it was involved in a broader public health field with the changes of the times. Its purpose was to "improve food, research hygiene and avoid illness, so as to achieve longevity" . The society advocated vegetarianism and set up a vegetarian restaurant. It publicized "cutting queue but not changing clothes into western style" , which set off the trend of queue cutting in Shanghai. It participated in the prevention of plague in Shanghai, which has reconciled the conflict between Chinese people and foreign officials and has promoted the independent quarantine of Chinese. Discouraging people from smoking cigarettes was considered beneficial for keeping healthy and reducing the trade deficit.

Characterizations of PM2.5-bound organic compounds and associated potential cancer risks on cooking emissions from dominated types of commercial restaurants in northwestern China

Cooking emissions are both indoor and outdoor sources for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) but their contributions are often ignored. The PM2.5-bound organic compounds, including alkanols, alkanes, monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in the emissions from the most popular types of restaurants in the capital city of northwestern China. The mean concentration of total quantified organic compounds (ΣPM_O) ranged from 1112 to 32,016 ng m-3, with the maximum for the Chinese barbecue restaurants. The ΣPM_O accounted for an average of 11% of PM2.5 mass, demonstrating their significances in the cooking emissions. Hexadecanoic acid (C16) and 1-hexadecanol (C16) were considered as the tracers for stir-frying, steaming, and boiling which are usually applied in the traditional Chinese cuisines; 1-undecanol (C11), 9-fluorenone, and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene were found to be potential markers for grilling and deep-frying which are widely applied in the Western style cooking method. The PAH diagnostic ratios also illustrated their representatives to distinguish the emissions from traditional Chinese cuisines and the Western-style restaurants. The estimated carcinogenic risks for the restaurants that consumed a large amount of oils and employed high temperature cooking methods (e.g., barbecuing and deep-frying) were 2.6–4.2 times exceeded the international safety limit. The organic profiles obtained in this study could be contributed to refine PM2.5 source apportionment in urban areas in northwestern China. The estimations of potential cancer risks urge the establishment of more stringent legislations to protect the health of the catering staffs.

The Change and Transformation of a Grand Vizier’s Mansion: Âli Pasha Mansion in Mercan

Tanzimat Dönemi’nde Osmanlı Devleti’nde yaşanan siyasi, ekonomik, sosyo-kültürel sahalardaki değişim ve dönüşüm, kentlerin yapısı üzerinde de etkili oldu. Kent çevresinde yeni konut sahalarının açılması ve kent mekânlarının bilhassa yangından gelen zararları asgariye indirecek yeni inşaat teknikleriyle inşası sayesinde kayda değer bir değişim yaşandı. Tanzimat’ın önde gelen devlet adamlarının konaklarının inşa malzemeleri, teknikleri ve işlevi de bu değişimden nasibini aldı. Batı tarzı ve kârgir görünüme sahip yeni nesil konaklar, aynı zamanda üst düzey devlet adamlarının resmikabul ve toplantılarını da yaptıkları bir idari merkez halini aldı. Zamanla iktidardan düşmeleri veya vefatları sebebiyle bazı paşa konakları devletleştirilerek, çeşitli maksat ve sahalarda kullanılmaya başlandı. Bahsi geçen duruma en güzel örneklerden birisi de Osmanlı Devlet mekanizmasında üst düzey görevlerde bulunan ve döneme damgasını vuran Âlî Paşa’nın (1814-1871) Mercan’daki konağıdır. Bu çalışmada, Âlî Paşa konağına devletçe el konulması, varislerinin geri alma mücadeleleri ile konağın inşasından günümüze değin geçirdiği biçimsel ve işlevsel dönüşüm, arşiv belgeleri ve mevcut kaynaklar ışığında incelendi.

BACHATA AS A DANCE FORM: PERFORMANCE AND PECULIARITIES OF ARTISTIC IMAGE

The purpose of the article is to identify the features of the bachata social dance as a popular modern dance form; to analyse the stylistic features and the specifics of the technique of performance. Through the research, the historical method is to study the origin and popularisation of the dance; the typological approach is to identify the factors of dance formation and evolution, the features of transformative processes. In order to provide the background to the leading recent trends in social dance forms, the method of artistic and stylistic analysis is used; the method of artistic analysis is aimed at identifying the specific stylistic elements of bachata as a social and competitive dance. In Ukrainian art studies, the bachata dance is studied as a social, cultural and artistic phenomenon for the first time ever; the process of formation and development of this dance form in retrospect is considered; the stylistic features of Dominican bachata, Western “traditional” bachata, modern bachata, sensual bachata and the specifics of its performance technique in the world-class competitions (“Sobre Todo 2019”, “BachataStars Italy 2019”, “Paris Bachata Festival Contest 2019”, Bachatastars International Champions, etc.) are defined. Specific features of bachata as a social dance form are shown in the specifics of the dance symbolism, the extreme flexibility and plasticity of performance. The study revealed the characteristic features of modern bachata styles: the quick tempos of performance, number of footwork, lack of lifts and rotations (authentic style); closed position, a close tie between dance couple, soft hip movements, wise set of turns and figures, borrowing movements and elements of ballroom dance styling (Western style); a combination of elements of Western bachata, salsa, tango and ballroom dancing, the dominance of body and hip movements (modern style); improvisation, a large variety of figures, the presence of lifts and elements of the show, elegant dress (sensual style).

Celiac Disease

Celiac disease is a multisystem autoimmune disorder, which is induced by dietary gluten exposure. This disease usually found in European population, but with the increase of Asian population tendency to eat western style, which contain gluten, celiac disease frequency is expected to increase in Asian population for the near future. The finding of diagnostic modalities which is highly sensitive and specific, starting with the antigliadin, and then the antiendomysium and anti-transglutaminase antibodies, has increased the awareness of clinicians and patients towards this condition. The understanding of definition, pathogenesis, diagnostic procedure, and current management of celiac disease is needed to avoid morbidity and mortality of this disease.

Preserving the legacy of Chen Cheng-Po 陳澄波: Restoration project of the first Western style painter of Taiwan

This project restored 24 paintings of Chen Cheng-Po 陳澄波 (1895–1947), a significant Taiwanese painter in the Western style, across the three periods of the artist’s life. The restoration project employed chemical analysis, X-ray imaging, ultraviolet and infrared light examination to develop a deeper understanding of the artist’s technique. The conservation project examined how the artist used the canvas, the history of the canvases themselves and how the artist’s family protected the paintings from the then dictatorship to avoid their destruction. At the same time, we have also discovered how the artist transported canvases between outdoor locations where he painted and his studio. The technical conservation research carried out has provided us with a better understanding of Chen Cheng-Po’s technique in creating his paintings.

Group B Streptococcus in Indian Pregnant Women: Its Prevalence and Risk Factors

AbstractPurpose: To study the prevalence of group B streptococci (GBS) in Indian pregnant women and associated risk factors. Methods: Four hundred and fifty pregnant women attending antenatal outpatient/inpatient department between 35-38 weeks of gestation were enrolled in the study. All enrolled subjects were assessed by a predefined proforma for their demographics, socio-economic characteristics, education, toilet habits, obstetric history and clinical outcome. Two cotton swabs each from lower vagina and rectum were collected and plated on selective solid media CHROM agar Strept B (CHROMagarTM) and selective Enrichment Broth LIM RambaQUICK StreptB broth (CHROMagarTM). Presumptive identification of GBS was growth of 1-3 mm grayish white β-hemolytic colonies on BAP or mauve coloured colonies on CHROM agar Strept B. All presumptively identified GBS were confirmed as group B streptococcus by automated identification system-Vitek MS (Bio Merieux). Results: The recto vaginal colonization rate of GBS in this study was observed as 3.3% (n=15). GBS colonization was significantly associated with nulliparous women (p= 0.026) and use of western style toilet (p=0.017). GBS urinary tract infections was also seen more commonly in women with GBS rectovaginal colonization (p=0.002). Conclusion: Due to the low GBS prevalence and no significant association with major risk factors, we recommend to institute universal screening of GBS in pregnant women, instead of risk based screening. Since this was a single centric study with low prevalence of GBS, its applicability may be limited, therefore further larger multi-centric prospective studies are required to understand the true GBS prevalence in Indian society.

SUBALTERNITY IN ARUNDHATI ROY’S THE GOD OF SMALL THINGS

Subaltern Studies, particularly in the field of social and cultural anthropology, has provided critical contexts that restore suppressed histories while criticizing Eurocentrism, imperialist biases, Enlightenment rationality, and the idea of nationalism. After the publication of Edward Said’s Orientalism, the terms subaltern and Subaltern Studies have become profoundly entangled with postmodern and postcolonial cultural studies, underlining the need for a conscious and deconstructivist approach for reading the history in order to get at the different ways in which European forms of knowledge represented the “subaltern”. Arundhati Roy’s famous novel The God of Small Things, while touching on many post-colonial issues ranging from linguistic imperialism to hybridity, is a striking display of the plight of subalterns. The subaltern in the novel can be grouped into three as “the inhabitants of Ayemenem”, “the untouchables” and “the women”. The novel scrutinises first colonial discourse and Western style of thinking about and studying the subaltern, and then how the colonizer and the colonized evolved within an unequal power relationship. Accordingly, this paper focuses on the ways in which hegemonic discourses constitute class, marginality and the objectification of the subaltern.

The changing patterns of China’s international standardization in ICT under techno-nationalism: A reflection through 5G standardization

The U.S.-China dispute surrounding 5G motivates further examination on China’s approach to international standardization. While China’s challenges with various standard initiatives to the global standards regime peaked in the 5G dispute have attracted public interests, scholarly approach to the dispute is still limited. We place the dispute in the context of China’s long-standing attempts for international standardization in ICT sectors. With enhanced economic power, China has pursued for pushing indigenous technologies into international standards, which has been a core part of its national science and technology (S&T) policy. This paper examines China’s international standard initiatives from the perspective of techno-nationalism. Our literature review identifies three pillars of techno-nationalism: state empowerment, growth orientation, and global connection. Then we investigate three cases of WAPI, TD-SCDMA and 5G and discuss how the patterns of developing international standards have varied in the framework of techno-nationalism. Over time, China’s international standard initiatives based on techno-nationalism have strengthened global connection and growth orientation, with increasing proximity to techno-nationalism of the Western style. In particular, China’s aspiration for growth orientation was much enhanced with the 5G standard initiative, compared to WAPI or TD-SCDMA, as it aims to be the first mover in the 5G race. Overall, our study suggests that China’s national S&T policy has been moving from the ‘catch-up’ to the ‘first-mover’ strategy, but the transformation continues to take place in the framework of techno-nationalism.

The sounds of modernity in Chinese pop music

In 1940 the Chinese hit "Rose, Rose, I Love You" was released by Pathe Records in Shanghai and subsequently remade into numerous cover songs outside China. That a locally produced song could catapult onto the world stage was as much an endorsement of the music as it was a result of western orientalism. By all musical standards, this song was western style; the song’s only reference to China being the title “China Rose” or its phonetic equivalent “May Kway.” Its international popularity reinforced western perceptions that Chinese pop music is derivative of Western norms, a notion that still persists. This paper calls those assumptions into question by exploring musical developments in the post-Mao era. In contrast to music of the earlier Shanghai era, the rock band Ershou meigui [Second-Hand Rose] localizes elements of Western rock music. Formed in the early 2000s, Ershou meigui has been praised for its unique brand of “national” (minzu) rock style in which the band privileges Chinese regional musical elements. This paper explores issues of modernity, individuality, agency, creativity, cosmopolitanism, and performativity against the backdrop of China’s emergence as a modern nation and global force. What is the nature of Chinese modernity and musical creativity? How does this new hybridized form become a resource that enables musicians to construct, shape, and imagine meanings for post-socialist China? How do musicians reposition themselves in the age of Chinese consumption and cosmopolitanism? Most importantly, I investigate how pop musicians mediate the dynamic relationship between fast-changing China and the world around them.

Public open space design in Tokyo urban environment: a historical overview

This article questions how the making of public open space have been changing in Tokyo. It identifies specificities of urban fabric and open spaces in Edo, the former Tokyo. It questions how the making of public open space was influenced by Western style and approach in Meiji period (1868-1912). And, how in 1990s Privately Owned Public Spaces (pops) changed public open space design in its scale, quantities and qualities. Specifically, the paper looks at: (a) gathering spaces in Tokyo traditional urban fabric; (b) how first parks were inspired by Western landscape design; (c) when plazas started to be designed in Tokyo; (d) Roppongi Hills as a reference project of one of the first mix-use facilities re-development plan in Tokyo with highly designed pops.