Western Slavonia Research Articles

Family Multilingualism in the Minority Community of Croatia (The Сase of a Multilingual Family from Western Slavonia)

Family Multilingualism in the Minority Community of Croatia (The Сase of a Multilingual Family from Western Slavonia)

A Rediscovered Codex of the Old Church Slavonic Translation of the Books of the Kingdoms

This article opens up hitherto unexplored avenues of research into the textual transmission of the Old Church Slavonic version of the Books of the Kingdoms (1-2 Samuel and 1-2 Kings in the Hebrew Bible), undertaken from the Septuagint by an anonymous Bulgarian translator no later than the late 9th – early 10th centuries. The focus is on a mid-15th century South Slavic manuscript, which until the early eighties of the XX century was kept in the Croatian Historical Museum in Zagreb under the call number R-38. Its subsequent place of preservation remained unknown for a few decades until in 2021 the author succeeded in tracking it down in the town of Pakrac, in Western Slavonia, Croatia. The codex, which is today in the possession of the Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Slavonia, stands out not only for being the only surviving testimony of the translation written in Resava orthography, but also for its unique linguistic and textual features, making it a precious witness for investigating the translation’s oldest textual layer. Specifically, it differs from any other existing source because of its textual arrangement. Furthermore, it appears to be very conservative from a linguistic standpoint given it comprises lexical, grammatical and syntactical archaisms. The analysis of its textual readings proves it not to be a direct copy either of one of the surviving Middle Bulgarian or of the existing East Slavic testimonies; rather it unexpectedly represents an additional third, hitherto completely unexplored branch of transmission. Consequently, this recently rediscovered codex is a source of exceptional significance, particularly since it enriches our understanding of the textual history of the Old Church Slavonic translation of the Books of the Kingdoms.

How to avoid system delay in the managing of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction – experience from Western Slavonia

How to avoid system delay in the managing of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction – experience from Western Slavonia

Political circumstances and security situation in Western Slavonia on the eve of the Greater-Serbian Aggression in 1991

Based on archival sources and relevant literature, this paper portrays political circumstances and security situation in Western Slavonia from 1989, that is, from collapse of the communist systems in Europe and destabilisation of Yugoslavia by the political leadership of the Socialist Republic of Serbia, up until August 1991 when the overt Greater-Serbian Aggression started in Western Slavonia. Democratic processes in Europe also seized western Yugoslav republics, Slovenia and Croatia. These republics advocated either the restructure of Yugoslavia as a confederal state, or their independence in case that the political agreement with other republics about common state system was not feasible. Conversely, Serbian political leadership’s goal, supported by pro-Serbian oriented leadership of the federal Yugoslav People’s Army, was to impose Yugoslavia as a centralized state under the domination of Serbs, as the most numerous Yugoslav nation. After this policy failed, Serbian leadership attempted to create Greater Serbia which would comprise all territories which Serbian leadership considered as historically and ethnically a Serbian territory. Among others, that also included Western Slavonia where a certain part of population were ethnic Serbs. Part of these Serbs, as well as ethnic Serbs in certain other parts of Croatia, supported by Belgrade, gradually commenced rebellion against the Croatian authorities. Insurgency was led by representatives of Serbian Democratic Party whose centre was in town Knin. In the first phase of destabilisation the emphasis was on the thesis that the Serbs were endangered in Western Slavonia, in order to radicalize as many as possible, which was successfully implemented, and finally led to terrorist actions culminating with the open aggression in Western Slavonia.

The state-legal personality of the Republic of Serbian Krajina

From its foundation until its end, the Republic of Serbian Krajina (the RSK) had been a parastate, remaining the parastate, having failed to meet any criteria of a normally functioning state, as prescribed by Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States, known as Montevideo Convention. Therefore, the RSK has never become the subject of international law, unlike the Republic of Srpska, upon signing The General Framework for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina or the Dayton Peace Agreement. The Republic of Serbian Krajina was a federative parastate, defined by the territorial discontinuity and it consisted of three federative units: the Serbian Region of Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium Region, the Serbian Region of Western Slavonia and the Serbian Autonomous Region of Krajina. In the formal and legal sense, the Republic of Serbian Krajina was established after it got proclaimed on 19th December 1991. However, it fell apart, de facto, on 5th August 1995, due to the fact that its capital city of Knin, was liberated by the joined police and Croatian military forces, compelling the RSK representatives to sign the capitulation, de iure, on 8th August 1995. Keywords: state; parastate; nation; territory; government; a subject of the international law.

Correlation between milk composition and selected blood indicators of liver function in ewes during lactation

The objective of this study was to research correlations between milk composition and selected blood indicators of liver function in ewes during lactation. The research was conducted with samples of milk and blood from Travnik Pramenka ewes (n = 99). Samples were collected in the area of western Slavonia in Croatia from lactating sheep grazing on natural pastures. Chemical composition of sheep milk was analysed as well as biochemical parameters in serum. Positive correlation between ALB: TGC, ALB: ALT, GUK: GGT, CHOL: ALT and AST: GGT was determined, while significant negative correlation was determined between GUK: ALB, GUK: TGC, GUK: ALT, ALB: GGT as well as ALT: GGT. Significant positive correlation was determined between blood and milk indicators, like ALB protein (r = 0.243), ALB: DMNF (r = 0.309) and ALB: SCC (r = 0.249), as well as negative correlation between TGC: MY (r = -0.264), ALT: protein (r = -0.258), lactose: TGC (r = -0.274) and ALT: DMNF (r = -0.234). The relations between indicators of milk composition, milk production and ewes blood indicators as well as their mutual connections indicate the justification of using the analysis of liver status indicators. Accordingly, by using these relations metabolic pathways of liver status indicators could be better monitored, which is important for practice regarding prevention of possible feeding errors and prevention of major production losses while maintaining the health of lactating sheep.

The Historical Geography of Croatia: Territorial Change and Cultural Landscapes by Borna Fuerst-Bjeliš and Nikola Glamuzina

Reviewed by: The Historical Geography of Croatia: Territorial Change and Cultural Landscapes by Borna Fuerst-Bjeliš and Nikola Glamuzina David S. Hardin The Historical Geography of Croatia: Territorial Change and Cultural Landscapes. Borna Fuerst-Bjeliš and Nikola Glamuzina. Historical Geography and Geosciences. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2021. Pp. xviii+203, 6 black & white illustrations, 59 color illustrations, endnotes. $169.99, hardcover, ISBN 978-3-0306-8432-7. $169.99, paperback, ISBN 978-3-0306-8435-8. $129.99, eBook, ISBN 978-3-0306-8433-4. One would be hard-pressed to find a nation-state that has been the product of as many outside forces as Croatia. Waves of human settlement from the Paleolithic to the Indo-European invasion to Greek and Roman expansion to South Slavic immigration to Ottoman displacements and Austro-Hungarian settlement programs created a cultural mosaic that would only be unified independently twice, once in the tenth century and again in the twentieth century. Throughout most of its history, it has been on the edge of dividing lines and a shatter belt between competing kingdoms, city-states, and empires that each redrew the external borders, trade patterns, road networks, and landscapes. There have been English-language histories of Croatia, but no historical geographies until now. Coauthors Borna Fuerst-Bjeliš and Nikola Glamuzina have done a commendable job of peeling back the many layers of the Croatian historical-geographical onion in The Historical Geography of Croatia: Territorial Change and Cultural Landscapes. The book is divided into ten chapters, with an introductory geographical overview and nine time periods: Prehistory (Paleolithic through Indo-European invasion), Antiquity (Greeks through late Roman Empire), Early Middle Ages (collapse of Roman civilization through Slavic colonization), High Middle Ages (rise of distinctive regions through the first independent Croatian state), Ottoman Conquest (Slavonia under Ottoman control and depopulation through refugee migrations and the coming of the Vlachs), Early Modern Era (Ottoman decline and creation of the Military Frontier through the rise of the Republic of Ragusa), Spatial Impacts of Industrial Development within the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (Austro-Hungarian rule and the coming of railroads and industry through a Croatia proper under a Ban's rule and the first great emigration waves), Croatia under South Slavic Political Associations (post–World War I Yugoslav monarchy through the latter years of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia), [End Page 97] and Stepping Out of the Past—Developmental Tendencies of Croatia since the 1990s (Post–Homeland War through the present). The authors point out three important cultural aspects of Croatia: its Western orientation; Catholicism; and the inland/littoral divide. So while Croatia may have been fragmented and absorbed by larger external forces down through the centuries, beginning with the division of the Roman Empire in 395 CE, Croatia has remained on the western side of the divide between eastern and western Europe. Though incursions from the east (Ottoman Empire and subsequent population resettlement) did occur, Croatia remained an outpost of western European culture, maintaining use of the Latin alphabet and adhering to the Roman Catholic faith, while their neighbors to the east adopted the Byzantine Cyrillic alphabet and Eastern Orthodox Christianity or Ottoman Arabic script and Islam. The Dinaric Alps form the principle cultural divide within the country, and for several centuries the littoral slope was the focus of settlement and development by waves of colonizers, primarily of Mediterranean orientation (Rome, Venice, Austria). The interior (Pannonia) flourished under Roman control but remained a quiet agrarian region dominated by central European (Hungarian) influence for much of its history. Like the rest of Europe, Croatia also developed smaller regional identities that can be fiercely held and sometimes manifest as political parties. One remarkable aspect of Croatian historical geography that seems to recur in several different periods is the nearly complete obliteration of the cultural presence of in situ groups by invaders. Indo-Europeans erased the Neolithic Vučedol culture in Eastern Slavonia; Ottoman and then Austro-Hungarian forces wiped the landscape clear of each other's cultural presence in Western Slavonia. The Pannonian interior—the most prosperous of Rome's provinces in what is now Croatia—wasn't immune as the border defenses collapsed: Early all the elements of the...

Planned Villages as Rural Heritage in the Function of Sustainable Development: Case Study of Gornji Vrhovci in Slavonia, Croatia

Although cultural values are the subject of an increasing number of officially adopted documents, at international as well as on European level, elaborations of planned villages’ values are rare. In 1990, the term cultural landscape was confirmed in several international texts as a concept related to the protection and heritage (World Heritage Convention, 1992; Recommendation on the Integrated Conservation of Cultural Landscapes Areas as Part of Landscape Policies, 1995). From the beginning of the 21st century, the concept is dispersed into several disciplines and the focus shifts to the side of natural values, visual values of the landscape, built structure, heritage values, elaborating the concept of the cultural landscape more widely and at the same time clarifying its components more in depth. The paper analyses the values of planned rural settlements in the context of the cultural landscape and the values of the rural heritage. The importance of planned rural heritage as a tourist attraction and potential destination is examined through a spatial multi-level research of the regional area on the example of the area of Western Slavonia, Croatia. Since the middle of the 18th century, in the area of Slavonia, there is the largest number of planned and regulated villages that have been integrated into the landscape, contributing to the spatial diversity and consequently the spatial identity. Therefore, the question arises whether their planned spatial structure can be recognized as a heritage and whether this part of heritage can be used in the function of rural tourism development. This paper explores the historical urban - architectural reconstruction of the village Gornji Vrhovci (1945-1948) after its damage during World War II, and reconstruction (1995-1998) after the damage during the Homeland War. Since the architects led both reconstructions of the village, the paper explores whether the recognizable spatial structure of the village can serve as a contribution to the development of a model for the development of rural tourism. The paper concludes that, despite the need for the development of rural tourism in Croatia, the identity of spatial structures of the village are neglected by the development plans both in the sense of heritage and resource sustainable development.

Fear, Humanity and Managing the Heritage of War

Using the concepts of affective community (Ahmed 2015; Hutchison 2016) and affective management of “war heritage” (Logan and Reeves 2009; Gegner and Ziino 2012; Lončar 2014; Stublić 2019), the article examines how social subjects in Western Slavonia – a microlocation with many places of memory and a dense accumulation of historical traumas within them – are constructed as resisting and/or conforming to the dominant hegemonic policy of remembering the Homeland War as the “cornerstone of reasoning” in Croatia (Blanuša 2017). The examples analysed range from the activities of a local “memory agent” and the founder of a digital archive of local history to the reception of a book of testimonies and a documentary on the humanity of Pakrac’s medics in the war (Lessons on Humanity, 2017 and 2019). Based on these examples, I identified different strategies of cultural, pedagogical and ideological re-presentation and re-animation of local war heritage in the social and digital environment. These strategies are different responses to the fear that the feeling of social connection to war events and veterans as symbols of national unity and pride has been ebbing away. However, there has also been a noticeable shift on the Croatian (semi-)periphery from a ceremonial commemorative culture to a digital culture of memory of war, fostered by affective communities which transcend local, ethnic and generational boundaries. The second shift is semantic – the tendency to replace victimological and triumphalist war narratives with those of “humanitarian heroism” and positive war stories about humanity, about helping and rescuing people from the “enemy side”. In conclusion, even though the Croatian “social framework of memory” (Halbwachs 2013) offers different models for transforming fear, pain, violence and the trauma of war into “cultural heritage”, only individuals remember and feel, and very few among them become memory agents and activists of “mnemonic resistance” (Molden 2016) with a significant role in the struggles over the meaning of the past.

Otpornost autohtonih sojeva Bradyrhizobium japonicum na stres izazvan nedostatkom vlage

Bioloska fiksacija dusika uvelike ovisi o uvjetima tla, a nedostatak vode uzrokuje porast koncentracije soli i povisenje osmotskog tlaka u tlu sto

Impoverishment of phonetic inventory or changes in phonetic inventory of the Italian–speaking population in Western Slavonia

This paper focuses on sibilant and interdental fricative phones perceptible among reliable as well as all other types of speakers of the Italian Vernacular of Western Slavonia (IVWS). The production of fricatives in IVWS should be observed in relation to their presence in similar Italian dialectal vernaculars, namely in northern Veneto dialects, particularly in the archaic Belluno vernacular, and in western Friuli patois. The first research hypothesis is the proposition that a lack of correspondence in the pronunciation of certain phones can be treated as an expected phenomenon, due to the changes that the speech community has undergone. The second hypothesis is that the absence of some phones will be perceptible and consistent mostly among unreliable speakers and semi–speakers. The results show that the targeted phones exist in the pronunciation of mainly those speakers who have not been in contact with modern Italian variants; at the same time, the same phones are often substituted with near phones that exist in either modern Italian vernaculars or in the majority Croatian language.

Standardized protocol for Acute Coronary Syndrome Network in Western Slavonia Region

Standardized protocol for Acute Coronary Syndrome Network in Western Slavonia Region

Utilization and results of the Acute Coronary Syndrome Treatment Protocol in Western Slavonia

Utilization and results of the Acute Coronary Syndrome Treatment Protocol in Western Slavonia

Thrombus aspiration in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction before and after TASTE trial: experience from the Western Slavonia Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Network.

2016;11(3-4):105. VII. nacionalni sastanak o kardiovaskularnim intervencijama s međunarodnim sudjelovanjem VI. sastanak intervencijskih kardioloskih medicinskih sestara i tehnicara Background: Optimal results of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are sometimes challenged by large thrombotic burden. TAPAS (Thrombus Aspiration during Percutaneous coronary intervention in Acute myocardial Infarction Study) trial in 2008 first showed that thrombus aspiration in STEMI patients with large thrombotic burden improved overall survival after 1 year.1 Later on in 2013, Thrombus Aspiration in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Scandinavia (TASTE) trial, a prospective national registry showed no benefit of routine thrombectomy in STEMI.2 2012 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines for the management of STEMI, that are currently available, gave a strong recommendation (IIaB) for manual thrombectomy in STEMI.3 However, that recommendation was downgraded to IIbA after TASTE trial in 2014 ESC Guidelines on myocardial revascularization.4 Here, we present the data on thrombus aspiration utilization within the Western Slavonia Primary PCI network, and compare the results between pre-TASTE and post-TASTE era.

Violence and the Production of Borders in Western Slavonia

AbstractThis article examines how the production of a dividing line, through violence, the accompanying narratives, and the policing of a physical border from 1991 to 1995, shaped and influenced the lives of ordinary people, all residents of Western Slavonia. How was it possible for people to be divided so abruptly and effectively in a community with a history of multiethnic solidarity? How were these new social divisions produced and reproduced over the course of warfare on a social level? By considering new archival sources, in-depth interviews, and recent scholarly publications, this study argues that such dividing line made the process of ethnicization, or of polarization, possible. Thus, by representing the space where the top-level political cleavages, local-level cleavages, and individuals’ beliefs and momentary choices meet, the wartime dividing line effectively transformed former neighbors into political enemies who were no longer familiar, visible, or accessible on a human level.

Developing a Treatment Quality Monitoring Program for Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome in Western Slavonia.

Developing a Treatment Quality Monitoring Program for Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome in Western Slavonia.

Safety and efficacy of ticagrelor and heparin compared to clopidogrel and heparin or enoxaparine before primary percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction — first experiences from Western Slavonia network

*ADDRESS fOR CORRESpONDENCE: Opca bolnica „Dr. Josip Bencevic“, Andrije Stampara 42, HR-35000 Slavonski Brod, Croatia. / Phone: +385-1-35-201-689 / E-mail: irzalh@gmail.com Usporedba ucinkovitosti i sigurnosti između tikagrelora s heparinom i klopidogrela s heparinom ili enoksaparinom prije primarne perkutane koronarne intervencije u akutnom infarktu miokarda — prva iskustva iz mreže zapadne Slavonije

Genetic analysis of hybridization between domesticated endangered pig breeds and wild boar

Black Slavonian (DBS) pig and Turopolje pig (DTP) are endangered autochthonous Croatian pig breeds that are still reared in a traditional way under semi-wild conditions in an area populated with growing wild boar populations. This raises the possibility of hybridization between domestic pigs and wild boars, a possibility often debated but rarely analyzed genetically. We analyzed potential hybridization between populations of domestic pigs (DBS, N=28; DTP, N=46) and wild boars (WBS) in eastern and western Slavonia (N=20 each) using 14 microsatellite markers and a Bayesian clustering algorithm (STRUCTURE). The STRUCTURE analysis classified all animals into corresponding WBS, DBS and DTP clusters. However, the DTP cluster contained four DTP animals with WBS membership coefficients (q) ranging from 0.25 to 0.35. These results provide genetic evidence of recent gene flow from WBS into DTP. We recommend monitoring the purity of DTP individuals to preserve the genetic integrity of this critically endangered breed. More generally, our findings provide an example of multiple hybridization events in the history of pig domestication.

Application of pharmacoinvasive strategy in primary percutaneous coronary intervention network in Western Slavonia

Application of pharmacoinvasive strategy in primary percutaneous coronary intervention network in Western Slavonia

Contingency Valuation of Croatian Arboretum Opeka

Contingent valuation is a survey-based economic technique for the valuation of non-market resources, such as environmental preservation or the impact of contamination. It is also the only approach that can generally be used to include what is usually referred to as the passive use component of the economic value of environmental goods. The aim of the survey is to estimate the amount of money visitors are willing to pay (or willing to accept) to use nature’s resources in the arboretum Opeka in North-West Croatia. Opeka Arboretum is situated in the Vinica municipality in northern Croatia. Located in a large park surrounding a manor, Opeka arboretum, with its 65 hectares is the largest of the three arboretums existing today in Croatia (the others are Trsteno in southern Dalmatia and Lisicine near Vocin in western Slavonia). The arboretum was founded in 1860 by the Count Marko Bombelles. Readiness to pay for visitor’s use of the arboretum has been investigated using the contingency method on a sample of 53 respondents. Research results present high preference for arboretum benefits such as beauty of landscape, cultural and historical significance, recreation and health but low willingness to pay the maximum of 30 euros (215 kuna).