Western Region Of Inner Mongolia Research Articles

Analysis of the Sand Erosion Effect and Wear Mechanism of Wind Turbine Blade Coating

The wind–sand climate prevalent in the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia results in significant damage to wind turbine blade coatings due to sand erosion. This not only leads to a decline in power generation but also poses safety risks. This study replicated the wind–sand environment of Alashan and numerically simulated the erosion and wear process of the blade coatings of a 1.5 MW horizontal axis wind turbine under rotational conditions using the DPM model. Additionally, erosion tests were conducted on the operating wind rotor in a wind tunnel. The simulation results demonstrate that sand particle trajectories in the rotating domain are influenced by vortex, incoming wind speed, and sand particle size. For small-sized sand particles, variations in wind speed do not substantially alter the number of particles in contact with the wind turbine blades. However, alterations in the momentum of these particles lead to changes in the impact force on the coating surface. Conversely, the change of wind speed will not only alter the number of large-size sand particles in contact with the wind rotor but also modify the impact force on the coating surface. Furthermore, after impacting the blade, small sand particles continue to move along an approximate helical trajectory with the airflow, while large-size sand particles swiftly rebound. Through statistical analysis of erosion pits on the blade surface after the erosion experiments, it was observed that, in comparison among the leading edge, windward side, trailing edge, and leeward side, the leading edge presents the greatest number of erosion pits, whereas the leeward side has the fewest. Along the spanwise direction, the 0.7R-blade tip segment exhibits the highest count, while the blade root-0.3R section displays the fewest number of pits. The wear morphology of the blade coating was observed from the blade root to tip. The leading edge coating exhibits a range from shallow pits to coating flaking and deeper gouge pits. On the windward side, the coating displays wear patterns varying from tiny cutting pits to cutting marks, and then to gouge pits and coating flaking. Erosion morphology of the trailing edge evolves from only minor scratches to spalling pits, further deepening and enlarging. These research findings provide a basis for the study of zoning-adapted coating materials for wind turbine blades in wind–sand environments.

Five-dimensional assessment of China's centralized and distributed photovoltaic potential: From solar irradiation to CO2 mitigation

Owing to China's escalating demand for renewable energy and carbon emissions reduction, and given its prominent position as one of the fastest-growing nations in photovoltaic (PV) development, a comprehensive assessment of the potential of both centralized and distributed photovoltaic systems in China is crucial. However, current research on PV potential assessment presents several challenges. Therefore, this study presents a five-dimensional assessment model, encompassing geographical, technical, economic, CO2 mitigation, and realizable potential, to systematically map China's centralized photovoltaic (CPV) and distributed photovoltaic (DPV) potential. The findings underscore the vast PV potential across the country, with areas of 3.11 million km2 and 252.72 thousand km2 deemed suitable for CPV and DPV development, respectively. This corresponds to a technical potential of 416,383.27 and 28,261.53 TWh/yr for CPV and DPV, respectively. Furthermore, this study explored the economic potential of CPV and DPV, revealing that the generation costs of both CPV and DPV in China are in proximity to the feed-in tariffs. With technological advancements and economies of scale, a broader PV potential is projected to be economically feasible by 2030. Full implementation of the current economic potential can yield an annual CO2 mitigation of 54.20 and 8.39 gigatonnes (Gt) using CPV and DPV, respectively. Notably, China's PV potential exhibits distinct regional heterogeneity, with CPV potential concentrated primarily in the western region and DPV potential distributed predominantly across the eastern provinces. This study identified the most resource-intensive areas in the western region of Inner Mongolia for CPV and in the coastal regions of Guangdong and Shandong provinces for DPV. Considering policy imperatives and the development status, China's PV sector holds tremendous potential to significantly contribute to carbon reduction targets. Based on the findings, policy recommendations are proposed, emphasizing the imperative of jointly developing CPV and DPV systems, as well as implementing phased and planned growth strategies for PV growth.

A Study on the Spatial–Temporal Evolution and Driving Factors of Non-Grain Production in China’s Major Grain-Producing Provinces

Food self-sufficiency in a large country with 1.4 billion people is very important for the Chinese government, especially in the context of COVID-19 and the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. The objective of this paper is to explore the spatial-temporal evolution and driving factors of non-grain production in thirteen major grain-producing provinces in China, which account for more than 75% of China's grain production, using 2011-2020 prefecture-level statistics. In the present study, the research methodology included GIS spatial analysis, hot spot analysis, and spatial Durbin model (SDM). The findings of this study are as follows: (1) The regions with a higher level of non-grain production were mainly concentrated in the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia, the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River and Sichuan, while the regions with a low level of non-grain production were mainly distributed in the Northeast Plain. The regions with a higher proportion of grain production to the national total grain production were concentrated in the Northeast Plain, the North China Plain, and the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Plain of China. The hot spot regions with changes in non-grain production levels were mainly distributed in the Sichuan region and Alashan League City in Inner Mongolia, and the cold spot regions were mainly distributed in Hebei, Shandong, Henan, and other regions. (2) An analysis of the SDM indicated that the average air temperature among the natural environment factors, the ratio of the sum of gross secondary and tertiary industries to GDP, the ratio of gross primary industry to the GDP of economic development level, the urbanization rate of social development, and the difference in disposable income per capita between urban and rural residents of the urban-rural gap showed positive spatial spillover effects. The grain yield per unit of grain crop sown area of grain production resource endowment, the total population of social development, and the area sown to grain crops per capita of grain production resource endowment all showed negative spatial spillover effects. The research results of this paper can provide a reference for the country to carry out the governance of non-grain production and provide a reference for China's food security guarantee.

Complex ecological and socioeconomic impacts on medicinal plant diversity.

Medicinal plant diversity (MPD) is an important component of plant diversity. Over-collection based on medicinal and economic value has the potential to damage the stability of the regional ecosystem. It is important to understand the current distribution of MPD and the factors influencing it. However, it is still unclear whether environmental and socioeconomic conditions have an impact on their distribution. We selected the Inner Mongolia as a representative study area which covers a wide area, accounting for 12.29% of China's national land area and 0.79% of the world's land area. At the same time, the region is a long-standing traditional medicinal area for Mongolians in China. Therefore, the region is significantly influenced by changes in environmental factors and socio-economic factors. We used 9-years field survey of the distribution of medicinal plants in Inner Mongolia for assessing the distribution of MPD as influenced by environmental and socioeconomic activities by combining spatial analyses, species distribution models, and generalized additive models. The results from the spatial analysis show that the western region of Inner Mongolia is the main cold spot area of the MPD, and the central-eastern and northeastern regions of Inner Mongolia are the main hot spot areas of the MPD. At the same time, the distribution of cold spots and hot spots of MPD is more obvious at large spatial scales, and with the refinement of spatial scales, the cold spots in scattered areas are gradually revealed, which is indicative for the conservation and development of MPD at different spatial scales. Under the future climate change of shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP), areas with high habitat suitability for medicinal plants remain mainly dominated by the Yellow River, Yin Mountains, and Greater Khingan Range. Notably, the SSP245 development pathway remains the most significant concern in either long- or short-term development. The nonlinear relationship between the driving factors of MPD at different spatial scales shows that temperature, precipitation and socioeconomic development do have complex effects on MPD. The presence of a certain temperature, altitude, and precipitation range has an optimal facilitation effect on MPD, rather than a single facilitation effect. This complex nonlinear correlation provides a reference for further studies on plant diversity and sustainable development and management. In this study, the spatial distribution of medicinal plant resources and the extent to which they are driven by ecological and socioeconomic factors were analyzed through a macroscopic approach. This provides a reference for larger-scale studies on the environmental and socioeconomic influences on the distribution of plant resources.

Exploration on the Ecological Restoration Path of Hulestai

The contradiction between ecological environmental protection and economic development has been plaguing all walks of life. The process of balancing the two and finding the optimal solution is still under exploration. This study is based on the method of field investigation to investigate the semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral area of Hulestai. The ecological problems reflected by Hulestai include the decline of grassland production capacity and the intensification of desertification. The main reasons for this are the shrinking of grassland area due to reclamation, the destruction of mountain vegetation caused by mining and excavation, and the decline in the ability of pasture regeneration due to overload grazing and predatory operations. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the ecological and environmental problems of Hulestai through the anti-grazing policy, the control of grassland desertification in accordance with the law, and using blockchain technology to connect industries with farmers and herdsmen to develop the economy. The case of Hulestai can reflect the overall environment of the pastoral areas in western Inner Mongolia to a certain extent, so the relevant measures are also applicable in the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia.

Characterization of drinking groundwater quality in rural areas of Inner Mongolia and assessment of human health risks

Groundwater is an important natural resource of drinking water in rural areas in Inner Mongolia, China. In this study, 4438 drinking groundwater samples were collected from the rural areas of 81 counties in Inner Mongolia, and were analyzed for 16 parameters, including pH, total hardness (TH), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), sulfate (SO42-), chloride (Cl-), fluoride (F-), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), hexavalent chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), aluminum (Al), cuprum (Cu), zinc (Zn). The groundwater quality was evaluated with water quality index (WQI) and human health risk assessment (HRA). Monte Carlo simulation were applied for the uncertainty and sensitivity analysis in the health risk assessment. The spatial map was employed based on the inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation technique. The results reveal that while the hazard quotient (HQ) suggests that the risk of single element contamination is feeble, the hazard index (HI) indicates a potential health risk for the local population. The observed cumulative carcinogenic risk (CCR) indicates a probable risks of carcinogenic health hazards in the study area. The sensitivity analysis revealed that daily ingestion rate (IR), exposure frequency (EF), and the concentrations of As, Mn, F-, and Cr are the most influential parameters for health hazards. The highly polluted areas are mainly distributed in the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia, including Xianghuangqi, New Barag Zuoqi, and Togtoh. It is observed that the groundwater may cause a potential health risk after long-term ingestion. The results of this study will contribute to groundwater management and protection in Inner Mongolia.

气候变化情景下孑遗植物绵刺在中国的潜在地理分布

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 气候变化情景下孑遗植物绵刺在中国的潜在地理分布 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202106111553 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（32060095） Potential changes in the geographical distribution of the relict plant Potaninia mongolica Maxim. in China under climate change scenarios Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:绵刺（Potaninia mongolica Maxim.）为我国西北干旱、半干旱地区孑遗濒危荒漠植物，具有重要的生态作用。预测过去、当代及未来气候变化情景下绵刺植物在中国的潜在地理分布区和迁移路线，将为绵刺的保护利用及种群合理建立提供一定的科学依据。基于绵刺在中国的73个有效分布点和8个环境因子变量，利用MaxEnt模型和ArcGIS软件预测末次间冰期、末次盛冰期、当代及未来绵刺在中国的潜在地理分布变化，综合分析影响绵刺分布的主要环境因子及其适宜范围，并用检验受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线下面积（AUC）评估模型的精确度。结果表明：（1） MaxEnt模型预测精确度极高，受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线下面积（AUC）值为0.988，预测显示当代绵刺主要分布在内蒙古中西部地区（阿拉善地区）、宁夏东北部和西北部、甘肃中东部、新疆中部和西部少量狭长分布区，潜在地理分布的总适生区面积约是51.94×104 km2；（2）影响绵刺潜在地理分布的重要环境因子变量是降雨（最干月降雨量、年均降雨量、最湿月降雨量、最冷季度平均降雨量）和温度（最热月的最高温）；（3）从末次间冰期到末次盛冰期，绵刺不同等级潜在适生区面积大幅度缩小；末次盛冰期到当代，绵刺不同等级潜在适生区面积有所增加，但未恢复到末次间冰期面积；未来四种气候情景下，绵刺潜在适生区面积除未来2070年典型浓度路径（RCP8.5）情景下少量减少外，其他三个气候情景（2050年RCP4.5、2050年RCP8.5和2070年RCP4.5）均增加，但高适生区和中适生区面积均减少，低适生区面积大幅增加，且绵刺分布中心有向西南迁移的趋势。 Abstract:Potaninia mongolica Maxim. is a relict and endangered desert plant in arid and semi-arid areas of Northwest China, which plays an important ecological role. Predicting the potential geographical distribution areas and migration routes of Potaninia in China under climate change scenarios in the past, contemporary and future will provide a certain scientific basis for the protection and utilization of Potaninia and the reasonable establishment of populations. This study was based on 73 effective distribution sites and 8 environmental factor variables of P. mongolica in China, The MaxEnt model and ArcGIS software were used to simulate the potential distribution of P. mongolica in the Last Interglacial, the Last Glacial Maximum, the current and the future. Comprehensive analysis of the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of P. mongolica and its suitablerange, and the response curve was used to determine the suitable range of environmental factor variables. The accuracy of model was tested and evaluated by area under the curve (AUC) of the test subject working characteristic (ROC).The results showed that (1) the prediction accuracy of the Maxent model is extremely high, area under the curve (AUC) of the test subject working characteristic (ROC) is 0.988. The prediction shows that current P. mongolica is mainly located in the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia (Alashan Region), northeastern and northwestern Ningxia, Central and eastern Gansu, a small number of narrow and long distributions in Central and western Xinjiang. The total suitable area of the potentially geographical distribution of P. mongolica is about 51.94×104 km2. (2) The main environmental factor variables affecting the potential geographical distribution of P. mongolica are precipitation (the driest monthly precipitation、annual average precipitation、the wettest monthly precipitation and coldest quarter average precipitation) and temperature (hottest monthly highest temperature). (3) From the Last Interglacial to the Last Glacial Maximum, the suitable area of potentially geographical distribution of P. mongolica was greatly reduced; From the Last Glacial Maximum to the current,the suitable area of potentially geographical distribution of P. mongolica was increased, but did not recovered;Under the four future climate scenarios, the suitable area of potentially geographical distribution of P.mongolica increase under the condition of RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 in 2050 and RCP4.5 in 2070, which was reduced slightly under the condition of RCP8.5 in 2070. But the most and moderately suitable areas decreased, while the lowly suitable areas increased significantly. Furthermore, the distribution center of P. mongolica tended to migrate to the southwest. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Study on SO3 emission test of typical ultra-low emission coal-fired units in western region of Inner Mongolia

To study the effect of types of boilers, pollutant treatment facilities and coal quality on SO3, emission concentration of SO3 was tested by controlled condensation method for seven typical ultra-low emissions coal-fired units in western region of Inner Mongolia. The test results showed that the SO3 emission concentration of all units ranged from 0.36 mg/m3 to 2.04 mg/m3, much lower than 5 mg/m3, so there was no need to add SO3 removal facilities. For the units burning the coal of same sulfur content, which adopt LLTESP and WESP has the lower SO3 emission concentration. The SO3 emission concentration can also be controlled at a lower value when SNCR and double-tower double-cycle WFGD technology are adopted in the unit burning medium-high sulfur coal.

Meteorological Risk Assessment of Rooftop Solar Resource Development in Inner Mongolia

Due to the long and narrow regional characteristics of Inner Mongolia, there are obvious climatic differences between the east and the west, and various meteorological factors have different influences on the development and utilization of solar energy. The abundance and stability index of solar energy resources are relatively high in the central and western region of Inner Mongolia, but there are more sandstorms, high temperature and strong wind. The eastern region is greatly affected by cloud cover, relative humidity and snowfall, which weakens the solar radiation. Through the comprehensive evaluation of the solar energy resources and meteorological elements, it is found that from the Alashan League to the west of Xilin Gol League, and the most of the Chifeng City are low-risk areas, which are relatively suitable for the development and utilization of rooftop solar energy. The central and northern areas of hulunbuir are high-risk areas, which is not suitable for that. Based on the meteorological industry standard “Solar Energy Resource Assessment Method”, we calculate the solar energy resources abundance and stability index, combined with the annual surface meteorological data of 119 meteorological stations in Inner Mongolia from 1988 to 2018. The distribution characteristics of solar energy resources and meteorological elements in Inner Mongolia is analyzed and the suitability and meteorological risks of rooftop solar resources development and utilization are evaluated.

利用PCR-DGGE技术分析内蒙古西部地区土壤细菌的多样性

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 利用PCR-DGGE技术分析内蒙古西部地区土壤细菌的多样性 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201801180138 作者: 作者单位: 内蒙古农业大学,内蒙古农业大学生命科学学院,内蒙古农业大学生命科学学院,内蒙古农业大学生命科学学院,内蒙古农业大学生命科学学院,内蒙古农业大学 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（31370058） Analysis of bacterial diversity of soil in western Inner Mongolia using PCR-DGGE Author: Affiliation: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,College of Life Sciences of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,College of Life Sciences of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,College of Life Sciences of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,College of Life Sciences of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,College of Life Sciences of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:为明确内蒙古西部地区土壤细菌的多样性，利用聚合酶链反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳PCR-DGGE（polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis）技术对170份土壤样品中的细菌丰度和群落结构组成进行了分析，并研究了土壤细菌多样性与肥力参数的关系。结果表明：内蒙古西部地区土壤细菌的多样性是比较丰富的，丰富度指数处于4到60之间，香浓指数处于1.38到4.09之间。不同土壤类型，其细菌的多样性有明显差异。其中，新积土、棕钙土、栗钙土和灰钙土中的细菌多样性指数均高于其他类型土壤，而灰漠土的多样性指数最低。且土壤的不同利用方式也会对土壤细菌多样性有所影响，其中耕地土壤细菌多样性指数最高，而未利用土壤的多样性指数最低。细菌多样性与土壤肥力参数的相关性分析结果显示二者之间并无显著的相关性。内蒙古西部地区土壤中的优势种群包括Proteobacteria（变形菌门）、Bacteroidetes（拟杆菌门）、Firmicutes（厚壁菌门）、Actinobacteria（放线菌门）、Acidobacteria（酸杆菌门）、Gemmatimonadetes（芽单胞菌门）、Nitrospira（硝化螺旋菌门）。可为该地区的土壤生态系统治理与恢复及未来该地区特有微生物资源的开发利用、农业生产指导等提供一定的科学依据。 Abstract:The purpose of this study was to determine bacterial diversity of soil in the western region of Inner Mongolia. The bacterial abundance and community structure of 170 soil samples collected from the western region of Inner Mongolia were tested using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), and the correlation between bacterial community and soil fertility parameters was analyzed. The results showed that the diversity of bacteria in the western region of Inner Mongolia was relatively rich. The richness index was between 4 and 60 and the Shannon index was between 1.38 and 4.09. There were significant differences in the diversity of bacteria among different soil types. The bacterial diversity index of alluvial soil, brown calcic soil, chestnut soil, and sierozem were higher than that of other types of soil. Furthermore, the manner of soil utilization also affected the diversity of bacteria. The Shannon index and richness of cultivated land were the highest and that of unused soil were the lowest. The correlation analysis between bacterial diversity and soil fertility parameters showed that there was no significant correlation between them. The dominant populations of bacteria in soil in the western region of Inner Mongolia include Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria Acinetobacter, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Nitrospira. This study can provide a scientific basis for the management and restoration of soil ecosystem and the development and utilization of microbial resources and agricultural production guidance in this region. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Impacts of climate change on net primary productivity of grasslands in Inner Mongolia

Net primary productivity (NPP) of grasslands is a key variable for characterising carbon cycles in grassland ecosystems. The prediction of NPP in Inner Mongolia is important for adaptation to future climate change, food security and sustainable use of the grassland resources. The output from two models, potentially suitable for simulating NPP in response to climate change, was tested against observed aboveground forage mass of dry matter at eight sites in Inner Mongolia from 1995 to 2005. The Classification Indices-Based Model (CIBM) showed an acceptable agreement with field measurements. The impact of climate change on the NPP of grasslands was subsequently analysed by CIBM using future climate projections from a Global Circulation Model based on three greenhouse gas emission scenarios: A2 (medium-high emission), A1B (medium emission) and B2 (medium-low emission) differing in assumptions about patterns of global social and economic development. Generally, significant increases in NPP, compared with the baseline NPP of 3.6 tonnes ha–1 for 1961–90, were predicted. The magnitude of the increase in NPP depended on the emission scenario, as well as on the time frame and region considered. Overall the predicted NPP stimulation increased with the level of emissions assumed, being 4.8 tonnes ha–1 in the A2 scenario, 4.3 tonnes ha–1 in the B2 scenario and 4.5 tonnes ha–1 in the A1B scenario in the 2080s (2071–2100). The increase in NPP in response to climate change differed between regions and there was an interaction with emission scenario. For the A2 and the B2 emission scenarios, the western region of Inner Mongolia was predicted to exhibit the strongest NPP increases, but, under the A1B scenario for the 2050s, the south-eastern region exhibited the greatest increase in NPP. It is concluded that the productivity of grassland in Inner Mongolia is likely to increase in response to climate change but these predicted effects are sensitive to emission scenarios and differ regionally. This will provide opportunities but also challenges for herders and policy makers in adapting to this change.

Resourcing Utilization of High Alumina Fly Ash

High-alumina fly ash in central and western regions of Inner Mongolia is a very valuable renewable mineral resource resulting from the content of Al2O3 up to 50% and some available elements, such as gallium, titanium and light rare earth. According to the resource characteristics of high-alumina fly ash and the market demand of the non-ferrous metals and chemical products in national economic development, a technique route was researched and developed, which included high-alumina fly ash as the main raw material, extraction of alumina co-generated with active calcium silicate (chemical packing) and calcium silicon slag cement clinker. It is the process characteristics that according to the development concept about circular economy, making full use of fly ash and recycling water as sewage disposal from thermal power plants, calcium carbide slag from chemical plants and other disused resources, and achieving the separation of alumina and silica and their respective resource utilization.

NQO1 C609T polymorphism correlated to colon cancer risk in farmers from western region of Inner Mongolia

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) C609T polymorphism and colon cancer risk in farmers from western region of Inner Mongolia.MethodsPolymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was performed to analyze NQO1 C609T polymorphism from 160 healthy controls and 76 colon cancer patients.ResultsAmong the colon cancer patients, the incidence of NQO1 T allele (53.29%) was significantly higher than it in control group (33.75%, P<0.001). The individuals with NQO1 T allele had higher risk [2.239 (95% CI: 1.510–3.321) times] to develop colon cancer than individuals with NQO1 C allele. The incidence of NQO1 (T/T) (34.21%) in colon cancer patients was higher than that in control group (15.62%, P<0.001). Odds ratios (OR) analysis suggested that NQO1 (T/T) and NQO1 (T/C) genotype carriers had 3.813 (95% CI: 1.836–7.920) times and 2.080 (1.026–4.219) times risk compared with wild-type NQO1 (C/C) gene carriers in developing colon cancer. Individuals with NQO1 (T/T) genotype had 2.541 (95% CI: 0.990–6.552) times, 3.713 (95% CI: 1.542–8.935) times, and 3.471 (95% CI: 1.356–8.886) times risk than individuals with NQO1 (T/C) or NQO1 (C/C) genotype in well-differentiated, moderately-differentiated, and poorly-differentiated colon cancer patients, respectively.Conclusions NQO1 gene C609T could be one of risk factors of colon cancer in farmers from western region of Inner Mongolia.

NQO1 C609T polymorphism correlated to colon cancer risk in farmers from western region of Inner Mongolia.

To investigate the relationship between NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) C609T polymorphism and colon cancer risk in farmers from western region of Inner Mongolia. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was performed to analyze NQO1 C609T polymorphism from 160 healthy controls and 76 colon cancer patients. Among the colon cancer patients, the incidence of NQO1 T allele (53.29%) was significantly higher than it in control group (33.75%, P<0.001). The individuals with NQO1 T allele had higher risk [2.239 (95% CI: 1.510-3.321) times] to develop colon cancer than individuals with NQO1 C allele. The incidence of NQO1 (T/T) (34.21%) in colon cancer patients was higher than that in control group (15.62%, P<0.001). Odds ratios (OR) analysis suggested that NQO1 (T/T) and NQO1 (T/C) genotype carriers had 3.813 (95% CI: 1.836-7.920) times and 2.080 (1.026-4.219) times risk compared with wild-type NQO1 (C/C) gene carriers in developing colon cancer. Individuals with NQO1 (T/T) genotype had 2.541 (95% CI: 0.990-6.552) times, 3.713 (95% CI: 1.542-8.935) times, and 3.471 (95% CI: 1.356-8.886) times risk than individuals with NQO1 (T/C) or NQO1 (C/C) genotype in well-differentiated, moderately-differentiated, and poorly-differentiated colon cancer patients, respectively. NQO1 gene C609T could be one of risk factors of colon cancer in farmers from western region of Inner Mongolia.

Exploration of Planning on Diversity Sustainable Development and New Agricultural Industrial Park

With the change of global climate in the current world, there is a huge impact on the agricultural development. In the background of the more scarce water resources and the poor land, for central and western regions of Inner Mongolia, how to create the value of greatest ecological, economic and social becomes the priority. This paper introduces that the Inhabitable Environment and Landscape Design for the theoretical guidance, the regional landscape ecological planning and design for the base, trying to find a set of planning and design patterns of sustainable agricultural park between people and land, between land and environment by Landscape Architecture Planning and Design Studies.

Aeolian salts in Gobi deserts of the western region of Inner Mongolia: Gone with the dust aerosols

Gobi deserts of the western region of Inner Mongolia are potential dust source area and a dominant source of soluble salts that are transported into eastern Asia and the western Pacific. Currently, the salt species, their emission magnitudes, and their spatial trends in this source area are poorly understood. In the present study, we used intact surface samples and wind tunnel experiments, combined with salt and particle size data, to estimate the spatial trends of ionic species and the contents of terrestrial-derived soluble salts in this region. The salt contents in the surface materials range between 0.28 and 14.78‰ (by mass). However, the salt contents in materials transported by the wind ranged between 1.55 and 16.95‰. In this region, the soluble salts in the PM50 and PM10 fractions ranging between 0.008 and 0.913‰ and between 0.004 and 0.583‰, respectively, with SO42− and Ca2+ contents far higher than those observed in previous studies in East Asia and the western Pacific. Areas with the highest salt emissions were located in the western Ala Shan Plateau and in southwestern Mongolia, and the contents decreased moving towards the southeastern Ala Shan Plateau. In addition, wind tunnel experiments showed that under wind velocities ranging from 8 to 22m/s, the soluble salts ranged between 0.64 and 8.49%, with a mean of 3.45%. Given the significance of western Inner Mongolia for global dust emissions, the emissions of terrestrial-derived soluble salts from these areas should be carefully evaluated in future dust aerosol studies.

Study of the Characteristics, Disaster and Prevention of Sandstorm in the Central and Western Regions of Inner Mongolia

The central and western regions of Inner Mongolia is a high activity area of sandstorm in northern China, each year there regions are seriously affected by sandstorm. In order to effectively reduce and control sandstorm disasters, this paper studied the sandstorm in there regions, and proposes the causes, moving path, the time distribution and geographical distribution characteristic, disaster performance of the sandstorm, and proposes measures to prevent and treat sandstorm.

Research on Erosion Mechanical Parameters of Wind-Sand Environmentin the Central and Western Region of Inner Mongolia

The central and western region of Inner Mongolia is a high activity area of sandstorm in northern China, the infrastructures in this region have been long-time eroded by wind-sand environment, those durability and safety have been seriously affected. This paper analyzed the meteorological standards and geographical distribution characteristics of wind-sand environment, studied erosion mechanical parameters of wind-sand environment in the central and western region of Inner Mongolia. The results will provide the basis for protecting engineering materials and structures not to erode by wind-sand environment.

Research on Anti-Erosion Mechanical Properties of Steel Structure Coating

Steel structures are seriously affected by sandstorm in the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia, this influence is mainly reflected erosion damage to the steel structure coating by sandstorm. As the coating has critical protection role to the durability of steel structure, the damage of coating will directly lead to reduce durability and safety of steel structure system. This paper researches on the anti-erosion mechanical properties of steel structure coating materials, and measures hardness, modulus , thickness and density of the coating by use of micron-indenter and traditional methods, the result shows that hardness is 2.1516MPa, modulus is 15.62MPa, thickness distribution is in the 800um ~ 1000um and density is 1.71g/cm3. This research result will provide the basis for preparation of anti-erosion coating and evaluation safety and durability of steel structures.

Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of lactic acid bacteria isolated from sour congee in Inner Mongolia of China

Sour congee is a popular food in the western regions of Inner Mongolia in China. It has a complex microbial population, which contributes to its unique flavor and functional properties. In this study, we chose 28 sour congee samples that were collected from different areas in Inner Mongolia for analysis of the microbial community of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) by classical biochemical tests, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, multiplex PCR assay of recA gene and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the tuf gene (encoding elongation factor Tu). The results revealed that all the isolates were identified as Lactobacillus (L.) paracasei (38 strains), L. fermentum (28 strains), L. plantarum (7 strains), L. brevis (4 strains), L. reuteri (2 strains), L. amylolyticus (1 strain), Enterococcus (E.) faecalis (3 strains), E. italicus (2 strains) or Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (1 strain). The predominant LAB were L. casei and L. fermentum in sour congee samples. The diversity of LAB derived from sour congee could offer useful information for further research on sour congee, and the results demonstrated that the combination of tuf gene and RFLP patterns can be considered as a useful tool for differentiation of the L. casei group.