Western Region Of Algeria Research Articles

Triticum durum productivity and adaptability of two genotypes under water deficit in Algerian high plains

Over the past few decades, Algeria has experienced a significant decline in rainfall patterns, which has been exacerbated by increasing hot spells leading to elevated rates of evapotranspiration. This combination of factors has induced severe water stress, critically impacting agricultural productivity, particularly in cereal production. Recognizing the urgency of this issue, our study was conducted over two consecutive cropping seasons at the experimental agricultural site of Ibn Khaldoun University in Tiaret, located in the western region of Algeria. We specifically investigated the performance of two durum wheat cultivars, ACSAD 297 and CTA 159, under conditions of water stress typical of the Algerian high plains. Our research focused on the impacts of water deficits during the grain filling phase, assessing their effects on seed formation, seed quality, and overall yield development. The results highlighted that contributions from various plant components to grain filling were notably affected by water availability, with lower leaves contributing 22%, the flag leaf 15%, the ear 14%, the ear neck 10%, and awns less than 1%. Notably, the ACSAD 297 cultivar exhibited superior drought tolerance compared to CTA 159, indicating its potential for cultivation in arid conditions. Furthermore, we established strong correlations between grain diameter, thousand grain weight, and stem height, which could inform future breeding initiatives. These findings not only provide important targets for enhancing drought resistance in durum wheat but also have broader implications for improving wheat productivity in semi-arid regions around the world, contributing to food security in the face of climate change.

Reproductive biology of the red starfish Echinaster sepositus (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) from the Algerian west coast

ABSTRACT This work aims to describe for the first time the reproductive biology of the red starfish Echinaster sepositus at the western region of Algeria (Mostaganem). The population of E. sepositus is characterized by a sex ratio of 1:2 (female: male). The relation between arm length and wet body weight indicate a negative allometric growth. Histological study reveals six stages of sexual maturity in females (I: development; II: pre-mature; III: mature; IV: partly spawned; V: post – spawning; VI: recovery) and five stages in males (I: development; II: pre-mature; III: mature; V: post-spawning; VI: recovery). The gonadosomatic index shows that there is only one spawning period per year, which happens from July to November. The gonadal maturity and gametogenesis of E. sepositus are correlated with the environmental factors namely temperature and photoperiod.

Food behavior of the Algerian population at the time of the Covid-19: The first survey carried out in the western Algerian region

The world has been dealing with a coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic since January 2020, which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. To avoid the spread of the disease, drastic measures were implemented. These measures, however, can have a negative impact on people's health because they influence their behavior. The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on people's lifestyles, including food consumption, when combined with quarantine measures. In order to shed light on the Algerian population's food habits during the pandemic, an observational and descriptive epidemiological study on 640 people, whether or not they were infected with COVID-19, was conducted in the western region of Algeria. The study used an online and face-to-face interview questionnaire focused on the pandemic's elapsed period between February and September 2020. Our findings showed that half of our participants had influenza during the study period, but only 37.53 % of them had COVID-19. As a result, almost all of our test-positive respondents (95 %) followed a medical protocol automatically. Furthermore, 31.57 % of them stated that they were following a specific diet to avoid COVID-19 contamination. This resulted in a clear shift in Algerian cuisine (70.31 %), with processed foods (3.47 %) and modern dishes (5 %) made outside the home consumed at low levels, while consumption of vegetables (22.39 %), fruits (15.87 %), and traditional dishes (11.95 %) increased. Vulnerable people, such as breastfeeding mothers, were faced with the double burden of nourishing their babies while being Covid-positive, causing 35/40 cases to discontinue breastfeeding completely. Overall, 83.09 % of our participants were malnourished. This study is the first draft in the understanding of Algerians' dietary behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic, and it could be used effectively in the delineation of strategies for correction and support of citizens in underdeveloped countries.

Factors associated with non-adherence to insulin in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Western region of Algeria, Tlemcen: a cross-sectional study.

Introductionadherence to drugs is critical for achieving the best clinical results in the treatment of chronic diseases. Adherence to chronic drugs might be influenced by beliefs about medications and other variables. The goal of this study was to assess relevant determinants of medication adherence in Algerian population with insulin-dependent diabetes.Methodsfrom July 1st 2019 to February 29th 2020, a cross-sectional study was conducted. Participants who had been on insulin for at least 6 months were recruited from Tlemcen (Algeria) clinics in secondary care settings. Patients were invited to a face-to-face interview, in order to complete out the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (MMAS) tools to report their attitudes towards medication adherence and views about their insulin. The recruited patients' socio-demographic data was also collected. The related determinants of chronic drug non-adherence in the tested population were identified using a stepwise binary logistical regression model.Resultsin this study, 147 patients out of 400 were not adhering to their insulin therapy (36.5%). Insulin non-adherence was linked to single status (AOR=2.088, CI=1.180-3.694), non-insurance (AOR=2.949, CI=1.323-6.572), number of daily insulin injections (AOR=1.269, CI=1.033-1.559), unawareness of the insulin regimen (AOR=3.528, CI=1.453-8.565), hypertension (AOR= 3.497, CI=1.98-6.154) and the non-practice of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) (AOR=2.635, CI=1.472-4.718).Conclusioninsulin adherence in Algerians is still well below international standards. This study improved the understanding of the factors affecting the non-adherence to insulin among diabetics and may be used as a baseline to target; throughout educational programs; the sub-populations identified as non-adherents.

Research of the Causes and Risk Factors of Autism in the Western Region of Algeria

Introduction Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests before 3 years old and affects many areas, communication, social interactions and behaviors. In Algeria, there has not yet been a regional or national epidemiological investigation concerning autism spectrum disorders.
 Materials and methods: Our study was carried about 100 patients ( autistic children) in the western region of Algeria, in order to determine the differents risk factors involved in the onset of autism syndrome.
 Results and discussion: The obtained results indicate a male predominance with a sex ratio of 4: 1 and the degree of reached is average in 44% of patients. 42% of the patients are youngsters. Parents' worry about their children begins between 24 and 36 months. The parents' advanced age at conception, stress, presence of certain pathologies and drug intake by mothers, as well as fetal distress at birth and children's exposure to screens were the main risk factors. Repetitive movements, lack of social communication, language delay, and lack of visual fixation were the main clinical symptomatology.
 Conclusion: This study allowed us to detect the main factors associated with the onset of autism. However, the results obtained cannot be generalized to the entire population.
 Keywords: Autism, autism spectrum disorder, risk factors, clinical symptoms, western region of Algeria.

Ethnobotanical survey on dandelion use in the western region of Algeria

Introduction: Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) is an edible and medicinal plant. We use the leaves, flowers and roots. The objective of this study is to show interest in the use of dandelion as a natural remedy in the primary treatment of serval pathologies. Methods : An ethnobotanical survey of 1000 people in the western region of Algeria was conducted using a questionnaire. Results: the obtained results from this study show that 60% of the population questioned prefer traditional medicine the majority of them use the plant in the medical field whose leaves and roots are most used. Infusion and maceration are the most usable methods for the preparation of the plant and administration is exclusively oral. Most users testify that the plant has significant efficacy with a percentage of 61%. Conclusion :All this information constitutes a database to perform other research in vivo or in vitro to value this planton the therapeutic level. Keywords : Taraxacum Officinale, traditional medicine, leaves, ethnobotanical study.

Caractéristiques et particularités des homicides commis par des schizophrènes

Resume Objectif Decrire les caracteristiques des malades atteints de schizophrenie auteurs d’homicides, de leurs victimes et des modalites et des circonstances de leurs homicides. Et comparer ces homicides a ceux commis par des personnes indemnes de troubles mentaux graves. Materiel et methode Etude descriptive transversale concernant des homicides commis par des personnes atteintes de schizophrenie, selon les criteres du DSM-5, hospitalisees par un internement judiciaire d’octobre 2015 a mars 2018. Resultats Les schizophrenes auteurs d’homicides etaient des adultes jeunes d’âge moyen de 33,83 ans, de sexe masculin dans la majorite des cas (86,67 %), celibataires dans la majorite des cas (68,33 %), avaient des antecedents de violences physiques avant l’homicide dans 41,67 % des cas, avaient une mauvaise observance therapeutique dans la majorite des cas (68,33 %), avaient un abus ou une dependance a une substance dans 50 % des cas. Les victimes de l’homicide etaient d’âge moyen de 35,37 ans, de sexe masculin dans 60,50 % des cas, etaient connues des schizophrenes dans 82,90 % des cas. Le mobile de l’homicide etait delirant dans 55 % des cas. Le lieu de l’homicide etait dans 51,67 % des cas un lieu d’habitation. Dans 53,34 % des cas, l’homicide etait commis par arme blanche. Conclusion Cette etude a permis une meilleure comprehension de l’homicide commis par des schizophrenes et d’etablir un profil des patients a risque de passage a l’acte.

The magnitude of high blood pressure and its risk factors in the western region of Algeria

The magnitude of high blood pressure and its risk factors in the western region of Algeria

The magnitude of high blood pressure and its risk factors in the western region of Algeria

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the follow-up of hypertensive patients with or without associated cardiovascular risk factors in western Algeria. And to establish a biological and epidemiological profile. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Two hundred patients aged 40 years and over followed up for the HTA were collected among the population of patients seen in consultation at the hospital of Mascara and Saida (two cities in western Algeria) from November 15, 2017 to February 15. The questionnaire, anthropometric parameters, biological assessments and treatments were noted. Results: Among the 200 hypertensive subjects recorded, 60% were women and 40% men. The participants had been hypertensive for an average of 10 years. There were more men with diabetes than women: 71.25% vs. 65% for women. About a third of them were type 1 (30% of men and 12.5% of women, p=0.228). Both sexes were almost equally represented, with regard to dyslipidemia: 57.5% of women vs. 60% of men. Conclusion: High blood pressure is a disease that is progressing rapidly in Algeria. The risk factors associated with hypertension are: Age, BMI, diabetes and dyslipidemia... These data confirm the importance of this pathology in terms of public health.

Sperm Profile of Infertile Men in the Western Region of Algeria: About 320 Cases

Objective : The aim of this study is to describe the sperm profile and eventually determine the main spermatic disturbances at the origin of male infertility in western Algeria. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 320 infertile male patients consulting at the Medically Assisted Procreation Unit (MAP) of Oran, in Western Algeria, in the end of exploring the results of their semen analyses and semen culture. Results: The results of semen analysis revealed that the main spermatic disruption in our study was asthenospermia because at the first hour after emission, 93% of our patients had less mobility than normal. Oligospermia was present in 37% of cases and azoospermia in 14% of cases. That is, a concentration of sperm below normal in 51% of cases. Results of the analysis of the sperm’s morphological characteristics revealed that only 16% of our patients had teratospermia. The semen culture revealed that the main pathogen found in our patients is Staphylococci in nearly 70% of cases. Conclusion: Our study revealed alterations in both quantitative and qualitative semen of patients. This was mainly asthenospermia in 93% of cases followed by oligospermia. Keywords: Male infertility, Semen analysis, Semen culture, Western Algeria.

Evaluation of Protein, Lipid and Inflammatory Profiles in Patients with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in the Western Region of Algeria

Introduction: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is part of the lympho-proliferative syndromes, it is a heterogeneous group of tumors whose incidence has been increasing in recent years. A disruption of protein and lipid profiles is verified during this pathology as well as an increase in the levels of specific markers of inflammation.
 Objective: Our study aims to explore protein and lipid profiles and highlight an inflammatory syndrome via the assay of parameters of acute inflammation in patients with NHL and healthy subjects in western Algeria.
 Methods: A case-control study comprising 100 patients with NHL and 40 healthy subjects was carried out. Protein and lipid profiles were respectively studied by assays for total protein and globulins and analysis of cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The inflammatory status was demonstrated by studying two parameters: C reactive protein (CRP) and sedimentation rate (VS).
 Results: Our results demonstrated an increase in alpha1-globulin and a decrease in gamma-globulin in patients compared to controls (p <0.05). The lipid profile study showed no significant difference for cholesterol but a significant increase in triglycerides in patients with NHL (p <0.05). A highly significant difference in CRP and VS levels between our two groups (p <0.01) with a marked increase in patients demonstrated the presence of acute inflammatory syndrome.
 Conclusion: This study allowed us to highlight the alterations in protein and lipid profiles found in NHL and the presence of an inflammatory state, involved in the pathophysiology of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in particular.
 Keywords: non-Hodgkin lymphoma, protein profile, lipid profile, CRP, VS.

Insulin injection technique in the western region of Algeria, Tlemcen.

IntroductionAlgeria has more than 1.7 million diabetic patients on to whom a descriptive assessment particularly on the insulin usage behaviors has not yet been initiated, although is needed. This study aims to provide a descriptive analysis of how Algerian diabetic patients perceive and apply insulin injection techniques.Methodsusing the “patient” questionnaire within the Injection Technique Questionnaire (ITQ) 2016 survey, this study assessed the insulin injection practices of 100 patients recruited over a seven-month period in western Algeria at the Tlemcen University Hospital Center. The results of this study are compared to those of the ITQ 2016 survey.Resultspens are the instruments of injection for 98% of Algerians who continue to use mostly long needles of 6- and 8-mm, although 4mm needles are the recommended safer option. Insulin analogues (fast and basal) are plebiscite. Arms and thighs are the preferred injection sites; the abdomen (the preferred site elsewhere) is neglected for reasons to be investigated. The correct re-suspension technique for cloudy insulin is unknown. Extensive pen needle re-use (10+ times) for over half of the patients exposes them to both higher intramuscular (IM) injection risk and lipohypertrophy (LH). Injection training is performed in Algeria by the diabetologist.Conclusionthis study describes for the first time Algerian patients´ insulin injection technique. It highlights their skills and identifies many deficiencies which patients and professionals must correct given the issues in this area.

Ethnobotanical survey of an -diabe c plants applied in West of Algeria

This study was carried out in order to set up an inventory list of medicinal plants used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes for which an ethnobotanical test was carried out on 670 diabe c subjects in the Western region of Algeria (Chlef, Mostaganem, Mascara, Oran, Sidi-bel-Abbes, Saida and Tiaret) using a survey. 24 an hyperglycemic medicinal plants were listed of which Berberis vulgaris, Zygophyllum geslini, Erythraea centaurium and Olea eu- ropea represented a broad spectrum of use. Likewise, the an hyperglycemic recipes were prepared mainly in decoc on (45.37%) and infusion (39.62%), and from leaves (42%) and aerial parts (16%). A very valuable data base has been reported for further research, especially for some elds such as phytochemistry and phytopharmacology that aim to identify new natural principles.

Physico-Chemical Complex of Matorral Soils of the North Western Region of Algeria

The objective of this study is to determine the influence of soil physico-chemical factors on the spatial distribution of matorrals in the plain from Remchi to Beni-Saf located in the western region of Algeria. This study informs us of the relationships that soil can have on the diversity of matorrals. On the bioclimatic level, the region is characterized by semi-aridity accentuating the phenomena of therophysation. Soil analyzes carried out using known methods (Stokes Particle Size Method, Electrometric Method for pH, 1/5 Extract Method for Electrical Conductivity, Bernard Calcium Method for CaCO3, Anne Method for Organic Carbon). The results show a textural diversity; sandy-muddy “Remchi”, sandy “Rachgoun 1 and Rechgoun 2”, not far from Beni-Saf. The low clay content (Remchi: Profile 1: Horizon 1: Clays 10%, Profile 2: Horizon 1: Clays 16%, Profile 3: Horizon 1: Clays 5%, Rechgoun: Profile 1: Horizon 1: Clays 3%, Profile 3: Horizon 1: 2% Clays and Horizon 2: 3% Clays) leads to poor structural stability leading to degradation of the soil surface through erosion. The latter is revealed by the presence of small erosion claws visible on these rough slopes or almost.

Accumulation of heavy metals in muscle, liver, and gonads of little tunny (Euthynnus alletteratus) from the western region of Algeria.

Cadmium, lead, zinc, and copper levels were measured in muscle, liver, and gonads of little tunny (Euthynnus alletteratus) from the western region of Algeria. Relationships between heavy metals concentrations and age, sex, sexual maturity stages, and fish size were investigated. The highest average levels of cadmium (0.2010 ± 0.026mgkg-1), lead (0.8069 ± 0.09mgkg-1), and copper (18.1135 ± 1.34mgkg-1) were recorded in the liver, while the highest mean zinc value of 203.1454 ± 21.48mgkg-1 was observed in the gonads. Significant differences (t > 1.96, p < 0.05) were found between metals levels in different tissues. The results indicated that heavy metals concentrations in muscle, liver, and gonads increase with age and fish size. However, metals analysis in gonadal tissues provides clear evidence of the transfer of heavy metals from spawners to progeny. The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu measured in edible muscle flesh were lower than the maximum acceptable limit set by FAO/WHO for human consumption.

Regional modelling with flood-duration-frequency approach in the middle Cheliff watershed

AbstractThis study describes a statistical approach of watercourses hydrological regimes in flood, taking into account the latter duration d and return period T. The choice of Middle Cheliff watershed as study area is linked to disasters strong return period in the western region of Algeria. The Midlle Cheliff catchment basin, located in northwest Algeria, has particularly experienced severe floods over the last years. In view of the recurrence of these unusual events, the estimation and the predetermination of floods extreme quantiles are a strategic axis for prevention against floods in this region. The a curves are first of all locally determined, directly from a statistical analysis of flow continuously exceeded during a duration d (QCXd) on different durations from available data of the study region. Then, these curves are compared to those obtained by application of different regional models VFS (Vandenesse, Florac and Soyans) in which two indices of the watershed characteristic flood are taken into account, a descriptive duration of the flood dynamics (D) and the instantaneous maximal annual flow of 10 year return period (QIXA10). The final choice of the model is based on verification of certain criteria, such as: Nash and the root mean squared error (RMSE). The closest regional models to the local ones are Florac’s for low duration and return periods, and Vandenesse’s for large return periods, for different durations. These results could be used to build regional Q-d-F curves on ungauged or partially gauged Algerian basins.

BISPHENOL A EXPOSURE IS LINKED WITH UTERINE FIBROMA IN WESTERN ALGERIAN WOMEN OF CHILDBEARING AGE

Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor chemical widely used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins found in everyday consumer products including food and beverage containers. This molecule was recently incriminated as a potential initiator for a number of diseases such as uterine fibromas, a frequent gynecological benign tumor that affects women’s fertility and life quality. The present study aims to investigate the association between uterine leiomyoma and BPA plasma levels in a population of Algerian women. Eighty plasma samples were collected from women with confirmed uterine fibroids diagnosis (N=40) and healthy volunteers without uterine leiomyomas (N=40) recruited at the specialized Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics of Sidi Bel Abbes in the western region of Algeria. Uterine leiomyoma subjects were then divided into three groups according to tumor growth and severity. BPA plasma levels were detected and measured using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Seventy five percent of uterine leiomyoma patients were exposed to BPA and were principally young nulliparous women aged from 31 to 40 years expressing significantly higher plasma BPA levels than controls (0.89 ± 1.65 vs 0.05 ± 0.12 ng/mL; P=0.0001). Concerning the relationship between tumor growth and BPA levels, even though mean concentration was slightly higher in the severe group than the moderate group, the difference was statistically insignificant (P=0.97). These preliminary results suggest an association between environmental exposure to BPA and the occurrence of uterine fibroids among an Algerian female population of child-bearing age. Nevertheless, further studies on larger populations are required to confirm these findings.

Phenotypic and Genotypic Identification of Bacteria from Women Breast-Milk and the Feces of their Childs in the Western Region of Algeria

Phenotypic and Genotypic Identification of Bacteria from Women Breast-Milk and the Feces of their Childs in the Western Region of Algeria

Outcome of Frontline Treatment with "Generic" Imatinib In Adult Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Algerian Population: A Multicenter Study.

IntroductionIn a developing country like Algeria, such expensive therapy is not available. Alternative approaches are needed to help these adult. In Algeria ‘imatib’ (CIPLA-India) was introduced in 2006; but no study has been published yet in the North Africa region regarding response and outcome of this copy in CML patients. The goal of this multicenter study is to characterize newly adult CML in the western region of Algeria and to assess the effectiveness and safety of imatib (IM, copy) as frontline therapy for patients with CML.Patients and MethodsThe study was carried out in 7 hematology centers in the western Algeria. Patients, who were diagnosed to be suffering from CML between January 1st, 2007 and December 31st, 2014 were selected for data analysis. All patients received a copy preparation, consisting of the alpha crystal form of imatinib, (IM, copy) at an oral dose of 400 mg daily and monitored for tolerance and side effects while on therapy.ResultsBetween January 2007 and December 2014, 355 patients with CML were treated with imatib (Copy). The median follow- up of the study was 46 months (range: 13–107 months). Complete hematological response (CHR) was seen in 83% of patients within 3 months. According to the Sokal score, 72% patients with low, 78% with intermediate and 69% with high risk disease achieved a CHR in 3 months (p=0.26) and according to the EUTOS score, 81% of patients with low and 70% with high risk disease achieved a CHR in 3 months (p=0.08). The major molecular response (MMR) at six months (M6), M9, M12, M18 and M24 was 21%, 38%, 35%, 51% and 67% respectively and 34% of patients achieved a complete molecular response (CMR). The projected 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was 83%. Side effects of imatib (copy) in this study were similar to those reported previously for the entire imatinib mesylate treatment study and only 8% of patients were intolerant to imatib (copy) and treated with a second generation of BCR-ABL inhibitor.ConclusionThis study reflects real world experience treating patients with CML in a developing country and thus sheds light on differences in this population compared to Western countries. In conclusion, imatib (copy) is effective and safe in treating patients with CML in chronic phase and proves to have a durable outcome. To our knowledge this is the first study reporting the response to imatib (copy) in an Algerian population.

HPV test by Hybrid Capture II for the diagnosis of HR-HPV persistent infection

IntroductionPersistent high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection is associated with a greater risk of cervical cancer. Patients and methodsStatistical data on the prevalence of HR-HPV infections in the Algerian population is lacking. We conducted a prospective study of 300 women aged between 25 and 50 years, screened for cervical cancer from 2012 to 2015 in Sidi Bel Abbès, a western region of Algeria. We aimed to assess the reliability of the repeated use of the HC II test (three longitudinal HPV tests 9 months apart from each other) in diagnosing the persistence of HR-HPV infection. ResultsThe prevalence of HR-HPV infection was 7.33% and infected women were aged 37.9±3years. For 90.9% of HR-HPV-positive patients, the infection persisted for a mean of 18.5months [95% CI: 16.9–22.1months]. Among these patients, 55.55% developed CIN1 and 11.11% developed CIN2. The sensitivity of the HC II test was 81.74% [95% CI: 71.3–89.6] and its positive predictive value associated with abnormal cervical biopsy was 27.49% [95% CI: 16.0–33.33]. ConclusionRepeating the HC II test is a good predictor for identifying women at high risk of cervical cancer.