Western Origin Research Articles

Recently acquired HIV infections and associated factors among men who have sex with men diagnosed at Dutch sexual health centres.

Surveillance for recent HIV infections was implemented at Dutch sexual health centres (SHCs) for planning and evaluation of HIV prevention initiatives. The study objective is twofold: (1) to explore trends in recent HIV infections and associated socio-demographic and behavioural risk factors among men who have sex with men (MSM )attending SHCs, to gain insight into subgroups at risk for acquiring HIV and(2) to illustrate how comparison with different reference groups affect associations with these risk factors. Residual plasma or serum samples from MSM newly HIV diagnosed at SHCs in 2014-2017 were tested with an avidity assay. Multinomial regression was used to analyse risk factors for recent HIV infections among MSM with established HIV infections among MSM and with HIV-negative MSM as reference groups. Of newly diagnosed MSM, 33% were classified as recent HIV infection with avidity testing. Combining HIV-negative test results with avidity outcomes resulted in 54% recent infections. Recent infection was associated with having an STI in the past, multiple partners and condom use for both reference groups of MSM. Additionally, relative to the HIV-negative MSM, recent infection was associated with education and having a non-Western origin. In contrast, relative to MSM with established HIV infections, recent infection was associated with Western origin. Our results suggest ongoing but declining transmission of HIV and high uptake of HIV testing among MSM visiting SHCs. The identification of risk factors for recent infections can help healthcare professionals to target subgroups eligible for PrEP or condom use promotion. Differentiation by the reference group in explanatory models for recent infections is important as different risk factors were identified. Likely, associations relative to HIV-negative MSM follow those of acquiring HIV infection in general, whereas the comparison with the established HIV infection reference rather reflects the frequent testing behaviour of subgroups of MSM.

Establishment of reference intervals for Platelet Function Analyzer -100 closure time in Algerian adults.

IntroductionThe Platelet Function Analyzer-100 (PFA-100) is a point of care instrument that simulates plug formation under high shear flow. The PFA-100 measures the time required to occlude the aperture in a biochemically active cartridge and is expressed in a term of closure time (CT). In Algeria, the reference values used in clinical laboratories are of Western origin. However, ethnic, genetic, dietary environmental, and diet differences between populations may affect reference intervals. We established the reference intervals of PFA-100 closure times in healthy Algerian adults according to the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry method, and we compared them with those of Western and Asian countries.Material and methodsWe enrolled 303 healthy blood donors in the study. 218 subjects met inclusion criteria. We analyzed the blood sample on the PFA-100 for CT with both the collagen epinephrine and collagen ADP cartridges.ResultsThe reference intervals of PFA-100 collagen epinephrine CT and PFA-100 collagen ADP CT were 91–207 seconds and 71–144 seconds, respectively. Compared to Western and Asian populations, there were significant differences. The upper limits of CTs were higher for Algerians in this study. Our findings show that many healthy Algerians would be incorrectly identified as having a primary hemostasis abnormality according to the reference intervals of the manufacturer and scientific literature.ConclusionThis report provides the first reference intervals for PFA-100 CTs in healthy Algerian adults. These results improve the accuracy of diagnosis and patient care in Algeria.

Are need for affect and cognition culture dependent? Implications for global public health campaigns: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundCultural differences in affective and cognitive intrinsic motivation could pose challenges for global public health campaigns, which use cognitive or affective goals to evoke desired attitudes and proactive health-promoting actions. This study aimed to identify cross-cultural differences in affective and cognitive intrinsic motivation and discuss the potential value of this information for public health promotion.MethodsA cross-sectional survey using cross-culturally validated need for affect (NFA) and need for cognition (NFC) scales was carried out among 1166 Chinese participants, and the results were compared with published data from 980 American participants. Additionally, we assessed a highly prevalent symbolic geriatric health condition, hearing loss, in 500 Chinese community-dwelling seniors. The Chinese NFA scale was developed following the translation-back translation procedure, and the psychometric evaluation was performed by applying confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), correlation analysis and multigroup invariance test. MANOVA and Hedge’s g statistic were employed to compare the NFA and NFC levels between individuals from different countries and between Chinese seniors with and without hearing loss. The relation of early hearing intervention intention to NFA and NFC was also explored in the Chinese sample.ResultsA basic two-factor model of NFA adequately fit the sample data from Chinese and American cultures. The questionnaire demonstrated reasonable invariance of the factor structure and factor loadings across the groups. Those in the primary Chinese sample had lower NFA and NFC than their American peers. This difference held in the senior sample. Moreover, Chinese seniors with hearing loss had even lower NFA and NFC than those without hearing loss. Their early hearing intervention intention was low but was associated with intrinsic motivation.ConclusionsThe Need for Affect (NFA) construct may be generalized beyond its Western origins. There was a general lack of affective and cognitive intrinsic motivation in Chinese individuals, particularly in seniors with hearing loss, compared with their American peers. These differences point to a potential challenge in framing effective messages for some cultures in the geriatric public health domain. Ideally, recognizing and understanding this challenge will inspire the consideration of novel persuasive strategies for these audiences.

‘She – nature, woman, Goddess’: mythic, ethical and poetic feminist discourse in Margaret Atwood’s ‘Marsh Languages’ and Luce Irigaray’s In the Beginning She Was

This manuscript pairs Margaret Atwood’s poem ‘Marsh Languages’ with Luce Irigaray’s recent philosophical text In the Beginning She Was. By doing so, an important conceptual resonance emerges between the two texts on the status of the loss of a maternal language and more broadly of the founding Mother at the origins of Western thought. Advancing a feminist poetics and ethics of the maternal, with its roots in nature, Atwood and Irigaray’s works are at odds with the enlightened language of our western masculine time, which seeks to disinherit its roots or to uproot itself. Atwood’s appeal in her poem ‘Marsh Languages’ reverberates with Luce Irigaray’s argument in In the Beginning She Was, which is that it is necessary for western philosophy to return to the marshes, so to speak, to return to the Presocratic philosopher-poets in order to discern how the logic of Western truth (via the male master-disciple) formed, and consequently discredited and covered over, a ‘she – nature, woman, Goddess’. Engaging with Greek myth (Hesiod’s Muses, Plato’s cave and mother-daughter duo Persephone-Demeter), Atwood as poet and Irigaray as philosopher interrogate and contest our western patriarchal tradition, for its erasure of ‘she – nature, woman, Goddess’, and suggest that the ethical implications of this silencing and forgetting have led to corrupt, destructive crisis-level relations, e.g. between humans, between humans and gods and between humans and nature.

Chinese perspectives on the ad bellum/in bello relationship and a cultural critique of the ad bellum/in bello separation in international humanitarian law

AbstractThe intriguing relationship between jus ad bellum and jus in bello has provoked perennial academic debates. This article examines this issue from Chinese perspectives and offers a cultural critique of the well-entrenched norm of the ad bellum/in bello separation in international humanitarian law. Based on its distinctive traditional perception of the world order and the meaning of war, China embraces a holistic understanding of the ad bellum/in bello relationship. This relationship is construed as essentially harmonized. The cardinal moral principle underpinning it is that a just war should be conducted in a just way. The ad bellum/in bello separation in international humanitarian law has a Western origin, and the rationale behind it intimates Western sensitivity to the European just war tradition in which jus in bello was parasitic on jus ad bellum. It is assumed that jus ad bellum and jus in bello are irreconcilably in conflict once they come into contact with one another. This assumption is followed by a widely-held belief that any attempt to reconnect the two concepts would bring nothing but the subordination of jus in bello to jus ad bellum as experienced in European just war and, consequently, the collapse of the former. Chinese perspectives nevertheless evidence that this conventional line of thinking, hampering scholars from thinking beyond the sealed ad bellum/in bello separation, is not sound. A proposal for a more constructive solution should be taken into consideration.

Gastric Carcinomas with Stromal B7-H3 Expression Have Lower Intratumoural CD8+ T Cell Density

CD8+ T cells are the main effector cells of anti-cancer immune response that can be regulated by various costimulatory and coinhibitory molecules, including members of the B7 family. B7 homolog 3 (B7-H3) appears as a promising marker for immunotherapy; however, its significance in gastric cancer (GC) is unclear yet. We evaluated the spatial distribution of CD8+ T cells in relation to the expression of B7-H3 by double immunohistochemical staining. The level of B7-H3 intensity was scored manually (0–3) and dichotomized into B7-H3-low and B7-H3-high groups. The distribution and density of CD8+ T cells was analysed using whole slide digital imaging. B7-H3 was expressed mainly in the stromal compartment of GC (n = 73, 76% of all cases). Tumours with high expression of B7-H3 showed larger spatial differences of CD8+ T cells (86.4/mm2 in tumour centre vs. 414.9/mm2 in invasive front) when compared to B7-H3-low group (157.7/mm2 vs. 218.7/mm2, respectively) (p < 0.001). This study provides insight into the expression pattern of B7-H3 in GC of Western origin. In GCs with higher level of B7-H3 expression, CD8+ T cells were spatially suppressed in the tumour centre suggesting that B7-H3 might be involved in tumour escape mechanisms from the immune response.

Lithopetrographic and geochemical features of the Saalian tills in the Szczerców outcrop (Poland) in various deformation settings

Abstract This paper presents the results of new studies of Saalian tills, from the Ławki and Rogowiec formations, filling the Kleszczów Graben. The study area is located in the Szczerców outcrop, Bełchatów Lignite Opencast Mine, central Poland. Laboratory studies included macrofossil analysis of the deposits, as well as petrographic and geochemical (neodymium isotope ratio) measurements. The studies were carried out in 2014–2016 and resulted in both establishing the sedimentary Saalian complex and constructing geological cross-sections and a synthetic lithostratigraphic profile. Development of sediments in this part of the Kleszczów Graben in the Pleistocene was largely influenced by tectonic factors (Chabielice fault, Dębina Salt Dome) and glacitectonic processes (Wartanian Glaciation). The Saalian tills (T4 – Ławki and T7 – Rogowiec lithotypes) are between the Holsteinian sand with macroremnants of trees and the Eemian gyttja and peat. Petrographic coefficients for lithotype T4 (Ławki Formation) are 1.33–1.06–1.01 and 0.12 and for lithotype T7 (Rogowiec Formation) are 1.29–1.23–1.04 and 0.12. Investigations of the Nd isotopic compositions of the studied samples reinforce our interpretations of till deformation and tentative lithostratigraphic correlations. Neodymium isotope ratios “P” (−14.4 ± 0.7) and “D” (−12.4 ± 0.3) ε Nd values (2σ) correspond to mean signatures of Saalian glacigenic moraine sediment. This proves that ε Nd values less than −12.4 reflect the southern Fennoscandian Ice Sheet sediment provenance, but ε Nd values greater than −12.4 indicate the western European origin.

Cultural dimensions of immigrant teen dating violence: A qualitative metasynthesis

Teen dating violence (TDV) is one of the main socio-health and educational problems during adolescence. Although there are several international surveys and indicators that provide different figures of victimisation and the perpetration of violence among immigrant and indigenous adolescents, there are few studies that delve into the characteristics and cultural dimensions of dating violence in these groups. The purpose of this review is to bring together and interpret the qualitative studies on TDV among immigrant adolescents that have been developed in the last 10 years to review the associated cultural aspects. For this purpose, six electronic databases and specialised research journals were searched. Only 10 qualitative studies met the selection criteria, of which 3 analysed young Asians and 7 analysed Latinos in English-speaking countries (9 in the US and 1 in New Zealand). The thematic analysis approach was used to cross-culturally compare and interpret the findings of the studies. The results show differences in the conception of dating, love and violence among adolescents of Asian, Latin and Western origin. A different weight is observed in institutions that reproduce intimate partner violence according to different family models, gender roles and axiological-normative systems (the shame-honour system and honour-based violence). Finally, cultural differences in the impact of migrations are analysed according to the type of society of origin and destination, the levels of acculturation and generational status. These dimensions should be considered when designing TDV prevention programmes for multicultural contexts or when focusing on immigrant groups.

Two bronze objects of Western origin in the Saharna microregion, Rezina district, Republic of Moldova

In the Saharna microregion (Rezina district, Republic of Moldova), four settlements and one burial attributed to the Holercani-Hansca culture are currently known. In the settlements Saharna Mare / “Dealul Mănăstirii” and Saharna “Rude”, a bronze hairpin of Ösennadel type and a crescent pendant with vertically perforated shank were recently discovered. Both objects have many analogies in Transylvania as well as in Central Europe, being dated within the period Bz D – Ha A1. Along with the finds from Saharna microregion, in the area of the Holercani-Hansca culture, in the sites of Calfa, Holercani, Coșnița and others, other bronze artifacts are known, also of Western origin and having the same chronological markers. Thus, the presence of these objects denotes the connections of the communities from the Prut-Dniester area with Transylvania and Central Europe.

Chinese empire or a prototype of responsible global power: discussions on the Great Qing in China and the West

In the light of China’s rise, it is of great interest to consider the views that are widespread in the PRC on the nature of Chinese state and the proper mode of international relations. Considering that Chinese leadership has proclaimed the goal of &amp;quot;rejuvenation&amp;quot; of the Chinese nation, modern assessments of China&amp;apos;s historical past allow us to take a fresh look at the prospects for China&amp;apos;s internal development as well as Chinese foreign policy in Asia. In this regard the era of the Qing Dynasty is of particular interest. During that period Chinese territory expanded approximately to its modern borders, and the relations with the neighbors underwent a transition from the tributary system to the modern Westphalian type of international relations. There exist various interpretations of Chinese foreign policy’s traditions. Those interpretations are largely determined by the attitude to China&amp;apos;s current behavior at the international stage. While the Chinese rulers have adopted the concept of traditional Chinese world order that is of Western origin, many Western researchers nowadays question this concept and tend to describe pre-revolutionary China as one of many expansionist empires in Eurasia. That point of view is subject to sharp criticism from Chinese authors. The portrayal of Qing China as one of the empires can entail serious consequences for international relations as well as the territorial integrity of the PRC. In order to achieve their goals in domestic and foreign policy, Chinese leaders strive to build a historical narrative in such a way that it combines the elements of various historical periods which are most profitable in the current circumstances, including the history of Silk Road.

Средний и поздний этапы верхнего палеолита Байкало-Енисейской Сибири: хронология и общая характеристика

This article presents the characteristics and chronology of the archaeological complexes of Middle and Late stages of the Upper Paleolithic in Baikal-Yenisei Siberia. We analyzed the development of Paleolithic cultures against the background of paleoenvironmental changes in the Sartanian cryochron (MIS 2 – the beginning of MIS 1). As a result of research in recent decades, new data and results have been obtained for geological deposits, archaeological objects and complexes of this time; their features have been revealed. Databases that include data on geoarchaeological objects (about 60) and the results of radiocarbon dating (122 determinations) have been created. Based on the analysis of deposits and the database of radiocarbon dating, the age of four Sartanian subhorizons was determined: sr1 – ~28–22 ka cal BP, sr2 – ~22–19.5 ka cal BP, sr3 – ~19.5–14.7 ka cal BP, sr4 – ~14.7–11.7 ka cal BP. Each of these subhorizons differs in paleoclimatic settings. Two large seismic events (~23–22 ka cal BP and 12.8 ka cal BP) associated with the activity of Baikal rift and led to serious restructuring of natural situations were identified. Based on the stratigraphic position of cultural complexes and their radiocarbon dating, four cultural and chronological groups were identified and the presence of three breaks (hiatuses) not provided with archaeological materials in sr2, the second half of sr3 and sr4 (YD) was revealed. For each group, the specificity of cultural complexes was determined, expressed in topographic and planigraphic features, in the features of knapping technologies, composition and ratio of inventory groups. Apparently, these cultural breaks were provoked both by a change in paleoclimatic settings, primarily aridization, and by seismic events. We believe that this did not lead to the depopulation of the region, but rather contributed to changes in the hunter-gatherers' livelihood strategies that led to a change in their habitats. Perhaps there were also sociocultural reasons. The basic complexes of sr1 (Malta-Buret) are of western origin, in the materials of the second half of sr1 eastern elements are traced, and the sr3 complexes have wide analogues in the Sartanian cultures of the Yenisei valley and together with them form a single cultural area in this time. The genesis of the sr4 (BA) complexes is still debatable, although there is a certain continuity with the previous stage. They are also characterized by a clear cultural and territorial unity.

Development of an instrument for measuring adolescent health compromising behaviours among rural students: a Delphi study

Background: There is an increasing trend of health compromising behaviors in adolescents worldwide. As behavioral determinants are extremely culture specific, person specific and as such least instruments have been developed in West Bengal. The aim of this study was to develop a specific instrument with strong content validity for measuring adolescent health compromising behavior of adolescent students of rural area.Methods: Face and content validity were evaluated in three round Delphi procedure by a panel of 15 experts who had extensive experience and knowledge of adolescent health compromising behavior. To ensure good cultural fit of the instrument with the rural context, modified Delphi procedure conducted among five stakeholders: medical and nursing, psychologist, sociologist, education experts, and parents. Reliability testing done among 100 students through test retest method with one-week interval.Results: A 85 questions-based instrument was developed reflecting 5 areas of health compromising behaviors; physical inactivity, sedentary behavior, unhealthy eating, poor dental hygiene, tobacco use and their multi-dimensional correlates. After round 3 Delphi, the final instrument had overall S–CVI/Ave of 99.05% and found to be reliable as evident by Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (r) for the scoring questions ranged from 0.72 to 0.84 and Cohen’s kappa coefficient (k) for nominal data, ranged from 0.8-1.Conclusions: The instrument has similarities as well as differences compared with instruments of Western origin. The instrument was valid and reliable and can be applied in both research and practice for measuring adolescent health compromising behaviors.

Interplay of southern, western, and northern sources during deposition of North Wales Carboniferous sandstones, determined from heavy minerals, mineral chemistry, and detrital zircon ages

A study of heavy mineral assemblages, rutile compositions, and detrital zircon age populations in Namurian to Westphalian sandstones in North Wales, deposited in the southwestern part of the Pennine Basin of the United Kingdom, has revealed considerable complexity in their provenance history. The Pendleian to Marsdenian Cefn‐y‐fedw Sandstone Formation, which is known to have been derived from the Wales–Brabant Massif (WBM) to the south on the basis of palaeocurrent and petrographic information, has a heavy mineral assemblage characteristic of this southerly provenance, and includes Late Neoproterozoic zircons apparently of local WBM origin. However, the formation is dominated by zircons that were most probably recycled from sandstones of northern origin from the Caledonian Belt that had been previously deposited over the massif during Late Devonian times, and, as such, has a comparable history to the sedimentologically‐equivalent Morridge Formation of the English Midlands. Heavy mineral analysis shows that sandstones in the Brigantian Minera Formation and Yeadonian part of the Bowland Shale Formation are of similar southern provenance. The Yeadonian Gwespyr Sandstone, previously interpreted as having a northern origin, similar to the time‐equivalent Rough Rock, has variations in heavy mineral analysis and zircon spectrum that suggest a complex provenance history and includes sand bodies with northern, western, and southern origins.

Wounded Words in a Wounded World: Opportunities for Mission in Central and Eastern Europe Today

Abstract The goal of this paper is both descriptive and prescriptive. The European sub-region called Central and Eastern Europe is understood and analyzed mostly through social scientific theories and models which have a Western European or North American origin. The region is often observed from the outside, and many interpretations of regional transformation are based on codes and categories of these external perspectives, which I will call heteropoiesis. I try to argue for an autopoietic approach from the opposite direction: from the inside. In my approach, I focus, first of all, on the historical and contemporary social experiences of the societies of the region. After authoring many theoretical and analytical works on it, I have come to believe that the key characteristic of the region is its wounded collective identity. The main narrative in the region is backward-looking and nostalgic, and also characterized by feelings of victimhood and revenge. Nationalism and xenophobia in the region are consequences of this traumatized self-understanding. To understand Central and Eastern Europe one must understand the wounds of history and the role of the trauma-centered narratives of today.

The Adoption of non-Chinese Names as Identity Markers of Chinese International Students in Japan: A Case Study at a Japanese Comprehensive Research University

This study explores naming practices among Chinese international students and their relation to personal identity during their sojourn in Japan. Although previous studies have reported that some Chinese international students in English-speaking countries adopt names of Western origin (Cotterill 2020 Cotterill, Simon. 2020. “Call Me Fei: Chinese-Speaking Students’ Decision Whether or Not to Use English Names in Classroom Interaction.” Language, Culture and Curriculum 33, no. 3: 228–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/07908318.2019.1614598.[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]; Diao 2014 Diao, Wenhao. 2014. “Between Ethnic and English Names: Name Choice for Transnational Chinese Students in a US Academic Community.” Journal of International Students 4, no. 3: 205–222. http://search.proquest.com/docview/1776144300?accountid=12528%5Cn http://search.lib.monash.edu/openurl/MUA/MUL_SERVICES_PAGE?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&genre=article&sid=ProQ:ProQ:education&atitle=Between+Ethnic+and+Englis.[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]; Edwards 2006 Edwards, Rachel. 2006. “What’s in a Name? Chinese Learners and the Practice of Adopting ‘English’ Names.” Language, Culture and Curriculum 19, no. 1: 90–103. https://doi.org/10.1080/07908310608668756.[Taylor & Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]), participants in this study were found to exhibit different naming practices: either adopting names of Japanese or Western origin; or retaining both Western and Japanese names. Drawing on fifteen semi-structured interviews with Mainland Han Chinese students, this investigation examines their motivations for adopting non-Chinese names and determines how personal identities are presented through them. The qualitative analysis reveals that the practice of adopting non-Chinese names is influenced by teacher-student power relations, Chinese conventions for terms of address, pronunciation, and context-sensitivity of personal names. As will be shown in this article, through the respondents’ years of self-exploration, their self-adopted non-Chinese names gradually became internalized personal identity markers that allow the bearers to explore and exhibit personality traits, which might not have been as easily displayed via their Chinese given names.

Do socioeconomic status and ethnicity predict CR outcomes in coronary heart disease patients in Denmark?

Abstract Background Cardiac patients with low socioeconomic status and other ethnic background have worse prognosis and outcomes. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has the potential to diminish this socioeconomic and ethnical disparity, but evidence is lacking. Purpose To describe if socioeconomic status and ethnicity predicts CR outcomes in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients in Denmark. Methods The study is based “The Danish Cardiac rehabilitation database” (DHRD) which monitors quality of CR in Denmark. The study population are all patients with CHD (myocardial infarction or stable coronary artery disease with revascularization or medical treatment) participating in CR reported to the database from Aug 2015 to Mar 2018. The quality indicators (QI) were &amp;gt;80% participation in exercise sessions, &amp;gt;10% increase in VO2peak, smoking cessation, LDL &amp;lt;1.8mmol/L (or 50% reduction of baseline LDL), blood pressure &amp;lt;140/90, dietary consulting, screening for diabetes, screening for depression and medical treatment with acetylsalicylic acid, statins and beta-blockers at completion of CR. Educational level as a marker for socioeconomic status was divided into no-, basic-, medium- and high education, and ethnicity into Danish, Western and non-western origin. We compared QI across educational level and ethnicity using descriptive statistics. Results Analyses are based on 9000 patients. Age and gender differed significantly in the groups (all p&amp;lt;0.001). Medical treatment and achievement of LDL- and blood pressure control was overall good with no difference across socioeconomic strata or ethnicity. Despite similar participation rate, higher education was associated with greater improvements in VO2peak. Patients of non-western ethnicity were less often screened for depression and less often received dietary consulting. Conclusion In this nationwide quality database for CR, medical treatment and achievement of traditional risk factor goals was good across socioeconomic and ethnic strata. However, outcome in VO2peak and implementation of screening for depression and diabetes showed disparity across socioeconomic and ethnic groups. The effect on long-term outcomes remains to be addressed. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

TARİHİN ROMANA TEZAHÜRÜ, TARTIŞMALAR VE BURADAN SÜZÜLEN YÖNLERİYLE İSTANBUL’UN FETHİNİN EDEBÎ TEMSİLİ (1875-2020)

Tarih-edebiyat ilişkisi ve bunun izdüşümü olarak tarihî roman kavramı yüzyıllardır edebiyat bilimciler tarafından sorgulanan ve tartışılan bir mesele olmuştur. Roman türünün Batı menşeli olması bakımından, ilk ve en esaslı değerlendirmeler Batılı kuram bilimciler ve akademisyenler tarafından başlatılmıştır. Türk edebiyatında ise henüz birkaç doktora tezi ve birkaç makale dışında bu konularda esaslı bir zihinsel süreç işletilmemiştir. Bu çalışmamızda tarih-roman ilişkisinden hareketle önce teorik anlamda tarihsel roman algısı üzerinde durulacak, ardından İstanbul’un fethi meselesinin Türk romanına yansımasının hangi kavramsal çerçeveye, nasıl ve ne kadar oturduğuyla meşgul olunacaktır. 1875’den 2020’ye kadar, yani Tanzimat’tan Meşrutiyet’e, Cumhuriyet döneminden Çok Partili hayata, 1980’lere ve oradan 2020’ye kadar geçen yüz elli yıllık süreçte siyasi ve ideolojik gelişmelerin fetih meselesine nasıl yansıdığı ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır.

The Westernisation of a financial reporting enforcement system in an emerging economy

Building on semi-structured interviews and publicly available documents in the realm of accounting, auditing and capital market regulation in Romania, this paper reviews and reflects on the prerequisites for, and conditions affecting the development of a financial reporting enforcement system (FRES) of Western origin in an emerging economy. It does so by examining institutional factors within and across the key components of the Romanian FRES, namely the engagement of the preparers and auditors of corporate financial reports and their interactions with public oversight bodies. The creation and functioning of the Romanian FRES are driven by the dynamics between Western and local pushes and pulls. Western actors offered support, especially in terms of technical assistance and educational programmes, but the Romanian government delayed the implementation of local support mechanisms, such that practices and mindsets did not change initially. Although practices and institutions have evolved since the country joined the European Union in 2007, the pursuit of a functional Western-based FRES remains an on-going process that is highly dependent on both the continuous external provision of adequate resources and the enrolment of national actors in the deployment of these resources.

Social relations and self-rated health in a multi-ethnic social housing area undergoing demolition

Abstract Background During the coming years, selected social housing areas in Denmark will undergo large structural changes as part of a political agenda. Previous studies on the effects of such interventions are inconclusive. Residential areas are important for the development of social relations and health. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between social relations and self-rated health (SRH) and the interaction with country of origin in an ethnically diverse social housing area undergoing demolition, and compare results with the municipality. Methods Data include multilingual interviewer driven surveys with residents aged 45+ years before demolition began in 2018 (N = 209) and during the demolition in 2019 (N = 132), and a health survey on municipality level (N = 1638). Information on social relations include contact frequency with and support from family, friends and neighbors. SRH was dichotomized into high/low. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex and Western/non-Western origin are presented. Results In cross-sectional analyses from 2018, low contact frequency and low support increased the risk of low SRH, OR = 1.44 (0.63-3.29) and OR = 1.23 (0.62-2.48), especially when also having non-Western origin compared to having high contact frequency or support and Western origin, OR = 6.27 (1.80-21.84) and OR = 4.43 (1.68-11.69), respectively. The same association was seen in 2019 and on municipality level. Low contact frequency in 2018 was associated with higher risk of developing or maintaining low SRH in 2019 compared to the group with high contact frequency in 2018 in longitudinal analyses, OR = 3.04 (0.91-10.91). Conclusions Poor social relations increased the risk of low SRH, especially when also having non-Western origin. Having poor social relations before the demolition was associated with an increased risk of developing or maintaining low SRH during the demolition in an ethnically diverse social housing area. Key messages Having low contact frequency before area demolition in a social housing area in Denmark increased the risk of developing or maintaining low self-rated health after demolition had begun. Having poor social relations and non-Western origin is associated with a strong increased risk of low self-rated health in a deprived ethnic diverse social housing area in Denmark.

Near Full-Length Genomic Characterization of a Novel HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form (CRF107_01B) Identified Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Heilongjiang Province of China.

We reported a novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) circulating recombinant form (CRF) among four epidemiologically unlinked patients through men having sex with men in Heilongjiang Province, China. It was named CRF107_01B (this is temporary as we have not received the CRF number from HIV databases). A near full-length genome phylogenetic tree showed that CRF107_01B was generated by two CRF01_AE segments that was described as cluster 5 lineage of CRF01_AE (CRF01-5) inserted into the B (Western origin) backbone. The emergence of CRF107_01B increased the complexity of HIV-1.