Western Lombok Research Articles

Life cycle sustainability assessment of waste-to-electricity plants for 2030 power generation development scenarios in western Lombok, Indonesia under multi-criteria decision-making approach

Globally, the dual challenges of power shortages and waste management underscore the critical need for innovative and sustainable energy solutions. Addressing these issues is essential for achieving environmental sustainability, economic development, and social well-being. This paper proposes an integrated life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) of waste-to-electricity (WtE) technologies for the future energy mix in Western Lombok, Indonesia which strongly faces power shortage and waste management challenges. The proposed LCSA assesses three WtE technologies, including gasification, incineration, and landfill gas (LFG) with 5 environmental, 3 social, and 4 economic indicators to estimate the final sustainability score under a multi-criteria decision-making framework. Also, a comparative analysis from the LCSA perspective for different WtE technologies, along with coal, and diesel power plants is conducted as a decision support tool in the 2030 power capacity development scenarios. To indicate the effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed model, the robust decision-making analysis using different important weights on sustainability aspects is investigated. Results show LFG is the most sustainable technology among all options scoring around 0.78. However, coal with a levelized cost of 0.42 $/MWh, and diesel with a payback period of 1.75 years are much more economical options for western Lombok. Sensitivity analysis proves that electricity price is a key parameter strongly affecting the final sustainability score. If supportive policies are adopted associated with electricity produced from WtE, this technology can experience a 16.2 % increase, making it an economic option for Lombok in the future.

Herpetofauna Diversity at Eaglewood Gyrinops vesteegii Conservation Area in Pusuk Protected Forest, Lombok

Pusuk Protected Forest at Lembah Sari Village, Batu Layar District, western Lombok is Gyrinops vesteegii conservation area, the one of eaglewood trees in the Lesser Sunda Islands. Studying diversity and distribution of herpetofauna in conservation area to understanding how this fauna could be stabilized the community structure of organisms in the ecosystems with their act as secondary and tertiary consumers in food web organization. Herpetofauna in this area was captured by visual encounter surveys (VES) method. Eleven species of herpetofauna have been collected from eaglewood conservation area in protected forest of Pusuk, is comprised by four species of amphibians (Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Ingerophrynus biporcatus, Limnonectes dammarmani and Limnonectes kadarsani) and seven species of reptiles (Ahaetulla prasina, Cyrtodactylus petani, Dendrelaphis pictus, Draco volans, Eutropis multifasciata, Gekko gecko, Sphenomorpus melanopogon and Sibynopis geminatus). This animal group plays as a role in maintaining the stability of eaglewood ecosystems by controlling its pest populations such as moth larvae of Heortia vitessodes and white lice of Dysmicoccus brevipes. Based on this research, higher diversity of herpetofauna with varying types of their habitats could be control the varying types of forest tree pests

Landslide Analysis of Western Lombok Island Using Weight of Evidence (WoE) Method

Landslides are widely distributed in all parts of Indonesia. West Nusa Tenggara Province is one of Indonesia's provinces with a quite high landslide distribution. This research was conducted in the western part of Lombok Island, including West Lombok Regency, Mataram City and North Lombok Regency, which has a moderate to high landslide risk class based on the 2021 Indonesian Disaster Risk Index (IRBI) data, so it is necessary to mitigate landslides by making a landslide vulnerability map. This research aims to determine the main factors of landslides in western Lombok Island, create a landslide vulnerability level map and analyse the distribution of landslide-prone areas in western Lombok Island using the weight of evidence (WoE) method. The research methods used are the literature study method (collecting information about land movement events in the research location and other information about the theories needed and used during the research) and the ArcGIS-based WoE method. This research shows that the slope parameter is the main factor of ground movement based on the analysis result of the WoE method. The landslide vulnerability level of the WoE method and the distribution of landslide occurrence points are high vulnerability level with an area of 473.45 km2, medium with an area of 198.88 km2, low with an area of 210.58 km2 and very low with an area of 911.73 km2.

Coastal sedimentation and topographic changes in the Mataram Plain, Lombok (Indonesia) following the 1257 CE eruption of Samalas volcano

AbstractThe 1257 CE eruption of Samalas volcano, Indonesia, buried the entire island of Lombok beneath various thicknesses of pyroclastic material during this Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) 7 event. This study aims to reconstruct the paleo‐topography of western Lombok before the Samalas eruption in 1257 CE and analyse the sedimentation processes that led to its landscape evolution over the last 700 years. Stratigraphic data were collected from various surveys, such as outcrops, coring, drilling, hand auger and wells observation. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) measurements were performed to complement the stratigraphic data. A combination of stratigraphy, ERT and topographic data from various sources (topographic map, Digital Elevation Model Nasional [DEMNAS] and Real Time Kinematic [RTK] measurement) is employed to determine the depth of the paleo‐surface. Topographic modelling was performed by subtracting the delta‐DEM (DDEM) from the current‐DEM (CDEM). The result of this operation is a paleo‐DEM, which is used to reconstruct the paleo‐hydrographic features such as shoreline positions and river channels. Modelling results demonstrate that the relief has not been significantly modified, except in lowland areas, which is the sediment accumulation zone. River channels have experienced minor changes, except for the location of the river mouth and the degree of meandering. Significant changes occurred at the shoreline that has prograded by approximately 1.6 km during the last 700 years. A schematic model is built to illustrate the evolution processes of the study area, consisting of the pre‐eruption condition, the immediate post‐eruption condition and development of the current condition. This model further develops the previously proposed model with a higher resolution and simultaneously revises the estimated boundary of the pyroclastic density current (PDC) deposit from previous work.

Abundance and diversity of phytoplankton at sekotong bay waters Western Lombok

Phytoplankton is one of the important components in aquatic ecosystems. This organism plays an important role as a primary producer to support the life of the tropics above it. The purposes of this study were to reveal the abundance and diversity of phytoplankton species in the waters of Sekotong Bay, West Lombok. Sampling were conducted in July 2018 at 8 stations using plankton net and then observed at the Laboratory. The results of the abundance calculations show a varied pattern at each observation station. The highest abundance was found at station 8 (9,060 ind/L) followed by station 6 (8,300 ind/L), station 7 (6,490 ind/L), station 4 (4,440 ind/L), station 3 (3,980 ind/L) , station 5 (2,820 ind/L), station 2 (2,460 ind/L) and station 1 (2,440 ind/L). The Shannon - Wiener Species diversity Index also shows diverse patterns at each station. Station 7 has the highest diversity index value (H′ = 3.55), followed by station 6 (H′ = 3.46), station 8 (H′ = 3.18), station 1 (H′ = 2.72) , station 2 (H′ = 2.69), station 5 (H′ = 2.67), station 4 (H′ = 2.33) and station 3 (H′ = 2.26). Species dominance index at all stations at low category with the highest dominance found at station 3 (D = 0.19), followed by station 4 (D = 0.18), station 2 (D = 0.09), station 5 (D = 0, 09), station 1 (D = 0.08), station 8 (D = 0.06), station 6 (D = 0.05) and station 7 (D = 0.04). Species Evennes index (E) values ranged from 0.71 to 0.88, indicating that the number of individual species was relatively the same and the ecosystem was in relatively good condition. The analysis showed that the spatial pattern of abundance and diversity of phytoplankton species in Sekotong Bay was related to the distance from the estuary.

Dietary niche breadth of endemic and introduced anurans (Amphibia: Anura) in Lombok, Lesser Sunda Islands– Indonesia

Anurans are important organisms as components of faunal community structure in ecosystems because of their roles as secondary and tertiary consumers in food webs. Anurans are opportunistic organisms that will consume any resources in their habitat. In this study, we dissected thirty-nine specimens of anurans from Museum Universitas Mataram (MUM) reference collection, it consists by three endemic (Ingerophrynus biporcatus, Limnonectes dammarmani and L. kadarsani) and one introduced species (Duttaphrynus melanostictus) of anurans. These reference collections were collected by authors during herpetofauna survey at Pusuk Forest, western Lombok in 2018. Based on stomach content analysis, both endemic and introduced anurans are generalist arthropod predators where hymenoptera, coleoptera, orthoptera and chilopoda are the most important food. In this study, we found positive correlations between body size and dietary niche breadth in which each anuran species has a high overlap of dietary niches. Anurans with large body size have a variety of prey than the small one.

Neither Coral- nor Symbiont- Genetic Diversity may Explain the Resistance of the Coral <i>Echinopora lamellosa</i> to Bleaching

Genetic diversity has an important role in the stability of coral populations in coping with disturbances. In the last three bleaching events, the coral Echinopora lamellosa survived better in the eastern- than the western- Lombok waters that are not related to algal symbiont diversity. The present study aimed to assess the genetic diversity of E. lamellosa from the two locations in the Lombok waters. The ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (whole ITS region) marker was used to identify and to determine the genetic structure, genetic variation, and demographic pattern of E. lamellosa. The results showed that E. lamellosa of the two locations are two different populations. The haplotype diversity was very high indicating a predominance of sexual reproduction mode for both eastern and western populations. The phylogenetic topology suggests there is possible connectivity between populations, whereas the haplotype network exhibits a restricted gene flow between the two populations. The results suggest that the present E. lamellosa populations were from both surviving colonies and new recruitment of long-distance larvae. Both population likely shares the same larvae supply brought from source-reefs in the Flores Sea or Makassar Strait by the Indonesian Throughflow. The present and previous studies revealed that genetic diversity alone yet to explain the resistance of E. lamellosa in eastern and western Lombok waters.

Pioneer assessment on megabenthic community suggest the recent ecological condition of coral reef in Senggigi Beach, Western Lombok Island, Indonesia

Abstract. Ghafari MIA, Fitrianti V. 2021. Pioneer assessment on megabenthic community suggests the recent ecological condition of coral reef in Senggigi Beach, Western Lombok Island, Indonesia. Indo Pac J Ocean Life 5: 14-21. Megabenthic communities are among the excellent bioindicator used nowadays. This study was the first to conduct in Senggigi Beach and provide preliminary useful information regarding the condition of coral reef ecosystem on-site, through assessing the megabenthic community from 2019-2020 to 202-2021. Benthos Belt Transect (BBT) method was used to collect data from 6 different observation sites. There are 3 groups of targeted megabenthic fauna assessed: the bioindicator group (sea urchin and blue starfish), the corallivorous group (drupella snail and crown-of-thorns starfish), and the commercially valued group (edible sea cucumber, giant clam, spiny lobster, and commercial top shells). Sea urchin was found to dominate all stations, indicating a decreasing live coral cover after bleaching. Presence of corallivorous megabenthos was very rare, as it is not a potential threat to corals. There is a trend of increasing density of edible sea cucumber and giant clam by 30% and 50% respectively, with a mass giant clam recruit in 2021. We suspect less or no impact of anthropogenic activity to megabenthic community dynamic in Senggigi Beach to date, but their community dynamic is purely influenced by the decline condition of coral reef ecosystem due to recent 2016 mass bleaching.

ERROR ANALYSIS OF CHEFS’ PRONUNCIATION OF ENGLISH CULINARY TERMS

This study is focused on revealing chefs’ mispronunciation on English culinary terms. It is aimed at analyzing the words mostly do the chefs mispronounce, how the chefs mispronounce the English words, and the problems faced by chefs in pronouncing the English words. The sample are five experienced chefs in Mataram and Western Lombok. The data were gathered by recording the pronunciations. The method used in analyzing the data was qualitative method. In the study, the writer found that the are several English words that are mispronounced by the chefs. They mispronounced the silent letters, vowels, and consonants. The chefs are troubled in pronouncing English words correctly.

Efforts to Prevent Tuberculosis Transmission Based on the Health Belief Model Theory in West Lombok

The community's high incidence of tuberculosis is closely related to behaviour, and family involvement. Transmission preventance becomes an important factor in controlling transmission of tuberculosis. The purpose of this study is to identify efforts to prevent tuberculosis transmission in western Lombok. Method. concise exploratory design using cross-sectional sampling of the sample using a purposeful sampling process with 58 respondents. Result. 72 % of respondents took measures to prevent tuberculosis based on the health belief model, namely; perceived susceptibility 72%; perceived seriousness 78%; perceived benefits 81%; perceived barriers 67%; and cues to action 65%. Duscussion.The need to improve family members' awareness about tuberculosis prevention and to practice safe and healthy living activities at all times.

Nutrient dynamics in submarine groundwater discharge through a coral reef (western Lombok, Indonesia)

AbstractSubmarine groundwater discharge (SGD) from tropical volcanic islands locally transports significant amounts of terrestrial nutrients into the coastal ocean, which can affect sensitive coastal ecosystems such as coral reefs. In northwestern Lombok, terrestrial submarine groundwater discharges through several submarine springs at the seafloor into a coral reef. In order to understand the transport mechanisms of nutrients from land into the reef, we investigated nutrient fluxes via SGD within the area using a combination of different methods, including recharge estimates in the coastal catchment area, echosounder profiling of the seafloor, discharge measurements, and hydrochemical analyses (stable isotopes of water, radon, and nutrients). Different types of springs can be distinguished based on their morphology. One spring showed a “crater”‐shaped structure while other springs consisted of fissures. Recharge rates in the coastal catchment amounted to 5 L s−1, while discharge rates from the largest spring were 5 L s−1 for total SGD and 2.5 L s−1 for fresh SGD, which is similar to discharge rates from smaller onshore springs at the slopes of a volcano. SGD was in general a source of nutrients such as dissolved silicon (~ 226 mol d−1), phosphate (0.61 mol d−1), or total dissolved nitrogen (13.4 mol d−1). Nitrate concentrations varied among the different springs, probably due to different sources in the hinterland, transformations (e.g., denitrification), or biological uptake during transport from land into the ocean. As nitrate can considerably affect coral reef health, our findings suggest that especially nitrate should be monitored around submarine springs in Indonesia.

Use of the Delphy Technique: a case for the development of ecotourism in western Lombok

Delphi technique was developed in 1950 by researchers at the Rand Corporation led by Norman Delkey and Olaf Helmer and has since been used in hundreds of businesses forecasting in the public and private sectors. Delphi technique is a judgmental forecasting procedure for obtaining, exchanging, and developing an informed opinion about future events. Therefore, the Delphi technique is a systematic way to get a consensus of opinion among the experts who have related interests through a panel discussion. The objective of most Delphi is the reliable and creative exploration of ideas or the production of suitable information for decision making. The key features of the Delphi technique, namely: (1) systematic, (2) questionnaire, (3) expert judgment, (4) iteration process, and (5) feedback. Baseline characteristics of the Delphi technique (conventional) there are five, namely: (1) anonymity, (2) iteration, (3) controlled feedback, (4) statistical group response, and (5) expert consensus. While the characteristics of a policy Delphi also five, namely: (1) selective anonymity, (2) informed multiple advocacies, (3) polarized statistical response, (4) structured conflict, and (5) computer conferencing. Steps in the application of policy Delphi there are seven, namely: (1) issue specification, (2) selection advocates, (3) questionnaire design, (4) analysis of first-round results, (5) development of subsequent questionnaires, (6) organization of group meetings, and (7) preparation of final report.

KAJIAN KERENTANAN MASYARAKAT PESISIR TERHADAP DAMPAK PERUBAHAN IKLIM DI KABUPATEN LOMBOK BARAT DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN PARTISIPATIF

This study is an attempt to assess the vulnerability of coastal communities to climate change in a participatory way by assessing exposure, sensitivity and capacity of communities in ten coastal villages of western Lombok district in the face of various impacts climate change. The basic concept of the implementation of this study was constructed qualitatively, using a participatory approach. The method of study was adopted from the PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal) method with adjustments to coastal and marine context contexts called Indonesian climath adaptation tools for coastal habitat (I-CATCH). he results of this study indicate that the villages that become the object of research have a middle and high degree of vulnerability. The complexity of the problems felt by the community due to changes in seasonal patterns that occur, especially on aspects of livelihood and social environment. On the other hand, the capacity of people in dealing with the symptoms and impacts of climate change that is quite extreme is still very limited. Local adaptation strategies are needed with a focus on two main aspects: capacity building and developing of disaster management activities.

Concentration of Mercury in Cockles (Anadara granosa and A. antiquata) Harvested from Estuaries of Western Lombok, Indonesia, and Potential Risks to Human Health.

This study measured the levels of total mercury (tHg) in the whole tissues of cockles (Anadara granosa and A. antiquata) harvested from three estuaries of Western Lombok Island (WLI), Indonesia. This paper also evaluated the hazard level posed by the mercury in relation to the maximum residual limit for human consumption and to estimate the weekly intake and compare it with the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). The tHg concentrations in A. granosa ranged from 0.020 to 0.070 mg kg(-1), and those in A. antiquata were between 0.032 and 0.077 mg kg(-1) at all locations. All samples of cockles harvested from WLI contain tHg below the permissible limit for human consumption. The maximum weekly intakes for total mercury by coastal people range from 0.28 to 1.08 µg kg(-1) b.w., and they are below the recommended values of PTWI (5.6 µg kg(-1) b.w.). If it is assumed that 100% of the Hg in cockles is methyl mercury (MeHg), consumption of the indicated amounts at the measured values wouldn't exceed the MeHg PTWI (1.6 µg kg(-1) b.w.).

Early marriage, adolescent motherhood, and reproductive rights for young Sasak mothers in Lombok

This article focuses on Indonesian adolescents who are wives and mothers, demonstrating how early marriage and adolescent motherhood are normative among women from poor Sasak communities in Western Lombok. It is based on ethnographic research with 28 young mothers that included focus group discussions, in depth interviews, and observations. Demographic and ethnographic data on the aetiology of early marriage and adolescent motherhood are discussed, and confirm that low educational attainment for girls, lack of employment prospects, poverty, and low levels of economic development are all associated with a higher probability of adolescent marriage and motherhood in Indonesia. The article also reveals how conservative sexual morality and local marriage customs can propel girls into early marriage. It provides a human rights analysis that demonstrates how early marriage and adolescent motherhood intersect with the neglect of girls’ rights to education, employment, equality in marriage, health information, family planning, and maternal health.

The seismic structure of the Lombok and Savu forearc basins, Indonesia

High resolution seismic profiles correlated with industrial multichannel profiles of the Lombok and Savu forearc basins in Indonesia show that four seismic sequences can be recognized. These sequences are separated by unconformities that appear paraconformable in the western Lombok Basin. These unconformities had been dated earlier as late Oligocene, mid-Miocene and Pliocene in sections south of Java. The upper Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene forearc fill has a cyclic character, that marks the onset of a turbidite dominated depositional system.Interval velocity determinations allowed construction of isopachmaps for the lower/middle Miocene and for the upper Miocene to Recent forearc basin fill of the Lombok Basin. A maximum of 1600 m of lower/middle Miocene and about 2000 m of upper Miocene to Recent basin fill is recorded in the western Lombok Basin.Faulting and tectonically induced deformation is strongest in the eastern Lombok Basin; growth faults, shale diapirs and mud volcano formation probably reflect the intensity of tectonic deformation caused by the mergence of the Sunda and Banda Arc collision systems.A series of tilted and uplifted basement ridges west of Sumba separates turbidite filled sub-basins from the forearc basin. Uplift of segments of these ridges, possibly associated with the uplift of Sumba caused large scale gravitational deformation and slumping of slabs of the sedimentary cover into the eastern Lombok forearc basin. Similarly, uplift and tilting of the Sumba Ridge east of Sumba resulted in sliding and slumping of its sedimentary cover down into the Savu Basin.The profiles suggest that Sumba was in its present position before onset of the subduction/collision system which created the Sunda and Banda Arcs and that the initial Lombok and Savu forearc basins were connected.

Alternation and Other Modes of Periodicity from a Balinese Form of Life in Western Lombok

Alternation and Other Modes of Periodicity from a Balinese Form of Life in Western Lombok

The family as an aspect of the totality of the Balinese form of life in Western Lombok

The family as an aspect of the totality of the Balinese form of life in Western Lombok

An account of the Balinese ýpersoný from western Lombok

An account of the Balinese ýpersoný from western Lombok