Western Development Strategy Research Articles

Measuring county-level heterogeneity of CO2 emissions attributed to energy consumption: A case study in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China

With the implementation of the western development strategy, large areas in western China are experiencing rapid industrialization and urbanization phases. Simultaneously, increasing energy consumption linked to CO2 emissions is becoming a serious problem. The stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence, and technology model and the random parameters model were developed to assess and quantify the strength of the relationship between CO2 emissions that are attributed to energy consumption and their major drivers (i.e., population, economy, and technology). The Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, which is a typical region in western China with low energy efficiency and rapid economic growth, was selected as an example. This study determined CO2 emissions attributed to energy consumption from 1991 to 2011, and assessed the effects of the major drivers of CO2 emissions at the county level. The following results were obtained. (1) The CO2 emissions of Ningxia increased rapidly throughout the study period. (2) Increasing gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, urban employment, and the contribution to GDP of secondary industries would promote CO2 emissions. By contrast, increasing the growth of the per capita annual disposable income of rural households, the contribution to GDP of tertiary industries, and population density would restrain CO2 emissions. (3) The county-level heterognerity was found to be significant which suggests adopting a uniform policy might not be optimal. Finally, the study method, effects of CO2 emission factors, and policy suggestions could also be applied to other provinces and autonomous regions in western China because of the similar characteristics of these areas such as vast lands, rich resources, and low development level.

Environmental development and governance in western China since 2000: a case from Guizhou Province

This paper adopts political ecology as an analytical framework, along with a case study approach, to assess environmental development and governance in western China under China’s Western Development Strategy. This study of the Beipan River Basin, Guizhou Province, revealed that not only has environmental quality in the Basin improved, but public awareness and local governments’ willingness regarding environmental protection have been enhanced since the year 2000. Challenges remain. Future environmental effort in western China demands a long term and holistic approach including: financial investment and law enforcement by central and local government, public participation, and the capacity building of local governments.

Rapid growth in nitrogen dioxide pollution over Western China, 2005–2013

Abstract. Western China has experienced rapid industrialization and urbanization since the implementation of the National Western Development Strategies (the "Go West" movement) in 1999. This transition has affected the spatial and temporal characteristics of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) pollution. In this study, we analyze the trends and variability of tropospheric NO2 vertical column densities (VCDs) from 2005 to 2013 over Western China, based on a wavelet analysis on monthly mean NO2 data derived from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) measurements. We focus on the anthropogenic NO2 by subtracting region-specific "background" values dominated by natural sources. After removing the background influences, we find significant anthropogenic NO2 growth over Western China between 2005 and 2013 (8.6 ± 0.9 % yr−1 on average, relative to 2005), with the largest increments (15 % yr−1 or more) over parts of several city clusters. The NO2 pollution in most provincial-level regions rose rapidly from 2005 to 2011 but stabilized or declined afterwards. The NO2 trends were driven mainly by changes in anthropogenic emissions, as confirmed by a nested GEOS-Chem model simulation and a comparison with Chinese official emission statistics. The rate of NO2 growth during 2005–2013 reaches 11.3 ± 1.0 % yr−1 over Northwestern China, exceeding the rates over Southwestern China (5.9 ± 0.6 % yr−1) and the three well-known polluted regions in the east (5.3 ± 0.8 % yr−1 over Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, 4.0 ± 0.6 % yr−1 over the Yangtze River Delta, and −3.3 ± 0.3 % yr−1 over the Pearl River Delta). Subsequent socioeconomic analyses suggest that the rapid NO2 growth over Northwestern China is likely related to the fast developing resource- and pollution-intensive industries along with the "Go West" movement as well as relatively weak emission controls. Further efforts should be made to alleviate NOx pollution to achieve sustainable development in Western China.

Solar Energy Block-Based Residential Construction for Rural Areas in the West of China

Based on the Great Western Development Strategy and the requirement for sustainable development in the west of China, rural affordable housing, energy conservation, and environmental protection are becoming development standards in the construction field. This paper mainly explores an innovative, sustainable, residential construction method for rural areas in western China, particularly the integration of solar energy technology with modern prefabricated building techniques, formally named solar energy block-based construction. The conscious approach of using volumetric blocks provides superior adaptability and expansibility in integration with a steel structure, thereby reducing the construction time and cost. Allowing a wide variety of configurations and styles in the building layout, this approach can be customized to the end-user’s precise location and climate, making rural residential buildings much more flexible and modern. To take advantage of adequate solar energy resource in western China, the blocks are associated with active and passive solar energy technologies, thereby reducing pollution, mitigating global warming, and enhancing sustainability. Therefore, we concluded that solar energy block-based construction could bring significant benefits to the environment, economy, and society. It could also promote sustainable development in the rural regions of western China.

The Problems and Measures of New Growth Pole in the Northwest Region of China

The cultivation of new growth poles in northwest region is very important for the western development strategy, and also necessary for the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt, the regional coordinated development and rapid economy growth. However, there are some problems, such as small scale, unreasonable economic structure, weak radiation belt power and weak economic relation, and lack of the leading sector. The key point is to expand the total and scale by accelerating the development of core city, enlarge the capability of Industry support by cultivating characteristic and advantage industry, promote the innovative development by regional integration and regional cooperation, enforce the link by promoting the functional division, Optimize environment by enforcing regional Unicom and development environment, and accelerate development by informatization.

Quo Vadis? Chinese migrant workers at home and abroad

ABSTRACTThe mass movement of migrant workers from rural to urban destinations is a natural consequence of globalization. It has exerted a major influence on economic growth, and the social interaction and lives of the individuals involved. This review focuses on such rural–urban migration with the aim of identifying its impact on the social lives and class relations of the migrants. It will examine the arguments made by Howard French concerning migrant workers in sub-Saharan Africa and a series of accounts made by internal migrant workers in China by Lü Guoguang. We will also discuss the variable impact of such migrants on social stratification analysed by Li Qiang and the trajectory of ethnic minority populations under the Western Development strategy in China that is the focus of Ma Rong's work. The review will conclude by assessing the contemporary conditions and probable future prospects of millions of Chinese migrant workers, and what needs to be done to escape the ‘migrant dilemma'.

Economic Growth and Infrastructure Investments in Energy and Transportation: A Causality Interpretation of China’s Western Development Strategy

Were the large investments in energy and transportation infrastructure effective in fostering economic growth? Or did economic growth trigger these infrastructure developments? To answer these questions, we develop a simple model of production capacity constraints and use China’s Western Development Strategy (WDS) as an example to investigate how the relationships among energy investment, transportation infrastructure expansion and economic growth differ in the pre- and post-WDS periods. Our Granger causality analysis uses a panel data sample for China’s 30 provinces in the Western and non-Western regions for the period of 1991-2012. We find Granger causality only in the post-WDS period from transportation infrastructure expansion to economic growth and from economic growth to energy investment. These results suggest energy and transportation capacity constraints in the post-WDS period but not the pre-WDS period. Their policy implication is that China should continue its energy and transportation infrastructure investments with improved coordination.

甘肃安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区南片植被长势与保护成效

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 甘肃安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区南片植被长势与保护成效 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201408191645 作者: 作者单位: 北京林业大学，环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,北京林业大学，环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,北京林业大学,甘肃安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区管理局 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 林业公益性行业科研专项(201104029) Vegetation growth and conservation efficacy assessment in the Southern Part of the Gansu Anxi National Nature Reserve in Hyper-Arid Desert Author: Affiliation: Beijing Forestry University，Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection,Beijing Forestry University，Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection,Beijing Forestry University,Adminstration of Gansu Anxi National Nature Reserve in Hyper-Arid Desert Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:以甘肃安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区南片为研究案例,借助高分辨率遥感影像和GIS技术,结合具体的植被类型和功能区划,分析了2000年到2010年间自然保护区内植被长势趋势的变化。结果发现:(1)11年来各植被类型,尤其是以骆驼刺、芦苇、芨芨草为主的天然草地植被表现出了较好的长势和增长的趋势;(2)核心区和缓冲区内不存在退化的植被类型,表明自然保护区基本实现了保护目的;(3)退化的植被位于实验区的布隆吉村、桥子村和双塔村,面积为1319 hm2,占比为0.31%。由此可见甘肃安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区南片植被保护成效明显。将植被长势趋势分析同自然保护区功能区划及植被类型相结合,希望有助于识别保护要点,以便为植被保护成效评价提供参考。 Abstract:Deserts are vulnerable ecosystems formed under severe environmental conditions, and climatic anomalies and human disturbance can have irreversible impacts on wild animals, plants, and the natural environment of these ecosystems. Desert ecosystems perform irreplaceable eco-service functions, providing protection against wind, stabilizing sand, acting as biogeographic barriers, and promoting the conservation of biodiversity. Moreover, vegetation plays a crucial role in the assessment of ecological changes. Accordingly, by analyzing changes in vegetation, ecological threats can be identified and their severity quantified, thus helping to assess conservation efficacy in nature reserves. China is one of several countries worldwide suffering from severe desertification over vast areas, that is both extensive and complex. Accordingly, it is critical to understand conservation efficacy in the desert ecosystems of China's nature reserves. The Gansu Anxi National Nature Reserve in Hyper-Arid Desert (GANNR) is the only reserve in China established to protect hyper-arid desert ecosystems and their biodiversity; it is located in Guazhou County in the western part of the Hexi Corridor, Gansu Province. GANNR covers approximately 8000 km2, and thus accounts for one third of the total area of Guazhou County. The reserve separates the Kumutage and Badain Jaran deserts, sheltering the Hexi Corridor oasis and preventing sandstorms. Accordingly, it plays a critical role in biodiversity conservation and regional eco-safety. GANNR is divided into two parts: the northern and southern reserves. As the Chinese government has implemented its western development strategy, some key national projects have extended across the northern part of GANNR, including infrastructure for west-east natural gas transmission, west-east power transmission, and the Lan-Xin railway. In this study, we selected the southern part of GANNR as our study area for several reasons: (1) the vegetation cover and species richness are higher here than in the north; (2) typical temperate desert vegetation such as Reaumuria soongorica, Salsola passerina, Sympegma regelii, and Ephedra przewalskii can be found and assessed in the south; and (3) some villages are located in the southern part of our study zone. We analyzed trends in vegetative growth from 2000 to 2010, using RS and GIS by combining vegetation type and functional zoning maps. The vegetation type map was created using a high-resolution remote sensing image, which was acquired from the ZY-1-02C satellite in August 2012. This image had a spatial resolution of 2.36 m, after processing in ENVI 5.0 using orthorectification and the Gram-Schmidt method. Regression analysis of NDVI and elapsed time revealed the vegetation growth trend for each vegetation type in different functional zones. The results show the following: (1) each vegetation type exhibited increased growth over time, with an increasing trend during the 11-year period. This was particularly true for the natural grassland, which included Alhagi sparsifolia, Phragmites australis, and Achnatherum splendens; (2) no degraded vegetation types were found in either the core zone or the buffer zone, indicating that the GANNR administration achieved their protection goal; and (3) degraded vegetation types were found in the Bulongji, Qiaozi, and Shuangta villages, covering an area of 1319 hm2; this corresponds to just 0.31% of the study area. Although we have clearly demonstrated the vegetation conservation efficacy in GANNR, we also make the following suggestions: (1) adjust the functional zoning, such that the area containing Ephedra przewalskii is incorporated into the buffer or core zones; and (2) strengthen supervision around the villages to maintain the grassland conservation results achieved previously by constructing a fence to return grazing land to grass. We hope that this study will be beneficial to the GANNR administration, and will act as a reference for future vegetation conservation efficacy assessments. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

NEW AREAS OF COOPERATION OF CHINA AND CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES IN THE FIRST DECADE OF THE 2000s

Abstract: At the end of 2000-s, regional relations between China and Central Asian states was under threat of the current World Financial Crisis. But it also provided the impetus to search for new mechanisms, forms and directions of the regional cooperation. It marks China’s new development plan for Xinjiang after ten years of Western Development Strategy of the central government.

Influence of moisture content on shearing strength of unsaturated undisturbed quaternary system middle pleistocene

The unsaturated undisturbed quaternary system middle pleistocene loess, a typical unsaturated soil, often occurs in the implementation of western development strategy. To obtain the shearing strength characteristics of this unsaturated undisturbed loess, based on the analysis of mineral composition, the triaxial shear test of undisturbed quaternary system middle pleistocene loess under different moisture contents is conducted with the specialized triaxial instrument for unsaturated soil. The test results show that the mainly mineral composition of undisturbed quaternary system middle pleistocene loess is quartz and albite. Under the same confining pressure, the matric suction increases with the decrease of moisture content. The smaller the moisture content, the larger the matric suction; the higher the moisture content, the lower the matric suction. Under the same moisture content, the matric suction increases with the confining pressure and reaches a maximum when the confining pressure is 100 kPa, and then decreases with the increase of confining pressure. This phenomenon is closely related to the grain contact tightness of soil mass under high confining pressure. According to the triaxial test of loess, the sample of loess experiences 4 stages from loading to failure: 1) compaction stage; 2) compression stage; 3) microcrack developing stage; 4) shear failure stage. The test sample is of brittle failure (weak softening) under low moisture content and confining pressure. With the decrease of matric suction and the increase of consolidated confining pressure, the stress-strain curve changes from softening type to ideal plastic type. In the shearing strength parameters of unsaturated undisturbed loess, the influence of moisture content on internal friction angle is small, but that on cohesive force is obvious. Therefore, the shearing strength of unsaturated undisturbed loess is higher than that of saturated undisturbed loess and varies with the moisture content.

Environmental effects under China’s Western Development Strategy: a case study in the Beipan River basin, Guizhou

This paper is based on a case study in the Beipan River basin, which aims to assess the success of environmental initiatives in southwest China under the national Western Development Strategy. The research uses data searching, interviews and in situ observation. The results of erosion, Karst stony-desertification, reforestation and the water quality of the Beipan River reveal that the ecosystems in the basin were improved during 2000–2012. Geology, topography, hydrology, climate and human impacts will remain major challenges to the future ecological conservation and environmental protection. Future environmental development in the basin and southwest China will demand a long-term, holistic approach to overcome both natural and human impacts.

Data Processing in Ecological Development and Environment Improvement by Analysis of the Relationship between Tourism Development and Urban Development

With the help of social-economy statistical data of Dunhuang City during 1987-2012, based on the related data processing technology, this paper measure the coordination between tourism development and urban development in Dunhuang City through TOPSIS evaluation method, and analyses the reasons of the coordinated development. Results show that the tourism development and urban development coordination is continuously increasing during the 1987-2012 of Dunhuang city, illustrate the development maintain a state of positive interaction and coordinated development. Dunhuang tourism development and urban development coordination optimization is closely relate to the development environmental and policy opportunities, and has great role in promoting Dunhuang ecological development and environmental improvement, just like the implement of the western development strategy, the Dunhuang water resources rational utilization and ecological protection planning and so on.

The tradeoff and synergy between ecosystem services in the Grain-for-Green areas in Northern Shaanxi, China

As an important part of the strategy of Western development, the Grain-for-Green Program (GFGP) was initiated to protect the environment and mitigate disasters. Ecosystem services and their dynamics are considered emerging features of ecological quality and the change in direction by many scholars and practitioners. Extending from ecosystem services (ESs) modeling, we propose a simple and feasible framework for quantitatively assessing the benefits and equilibrium of the consequences of the GFGP. Our starting evaluation shows that ESs has changed dramatically in the GFGP area. By fitting pair-wise ESs’ spatial concordances at the grid-cell level, we have revealed the tradeoffs between provisioning and regulating services and the synergies between the regulating services. The analysis of the variability of the relationship between ESs on different land cover types clearly identifies the vegetation that has produced exceptionally strong ESs. Our findings suggest that quantifying the interactions between ESs may improve the ecosystem-based management practices and support policy-making to address the challenges of the sustainable use of natural resources. The framework designed for regional-scale analysis can help in clearly understanding the interrelations of ESs and make natural resources related decisions more effective and efficient, although this framework still needs to move beyond these fundamental and illustrative analyses to more fully explain the synergies and tradeoffs.

The Study on Impact Degree between Carbon Emissions and Economic Growth in the Construction Industry of Five Northwestern Provinces

With the highly praised development of low-carbon and implementation of western development strategy, the various industries of northwest faced great stress with how to weigh the economic growth and reduce carbon emissions. In this study, based on the data about energy consumption and GDP in the construction industry of five northwestern provinces, and estimates the carbon emissions of construction indirectly. Then combined withDecoupling Theoryanalysis the interacted impact among carbon emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in the construction industry of five northwestern provinces .The results shows that the development of construction industry in provinces is still based on high energy consumption and high carbon emissions, but each impact degree of them are different. Finally, put some suggest improvements to reduce the energy consumption and carbon emissions in the construction industry path of five northwestern provinces.

The Development Main Points of the New Area in Small-Scale City of Northwestern China - Pingdiquan New Area in Jining District of Wulanchabu City as an Example

With the deepening implementation of the western development strategy, the small-scale cities in northwestern China have embarked on a track of the rapid economic and social development. Facing the bottlenecks of land, city-layout and road congestion, it is hard to achieve the city’s internal connotative growth, Developing new district is an important strategy for extension-mode development of a city. This paper elaborates the site election, function orientation and the importance of development strategy based on the features of northwestern small cities, the problems face them and national policies. The essay specifically takes the Pingdi Quan new district, Jining District, Wulanchabu, Inner Mongolia as an example and shows how these factors are used in the process of city planning.

"Regional Policy And Regional Development: A Case Study Of China‘s Western Development Strategy "

China's Western Development Strategy (WDS) has been carried out since 1999 with remarkable achievements, whereby Western China also experienced a rapid and stable development during the past decade. This paper analyzes policy actions and effects of WDS. The findings indicate that Western China's economic development has experienced a dramatic reversion after implementation of WDS, which to a certain extent, proves that WDS has played a significant role in promoting western regions' development. This paper also reveals some key constraints on Western China's economic development and then offers a set of policy ideas for the next stage of Western development.

The Relationship Between Patterns of Economic Development and Increasing Carbon Emissions in Western China

Abstract: With the implementation of the “Development of Western China” strategy, this region has become the fastest growing economic area in China. However, rapid economic growth has resulted in a substantial increase in carbon emissions and affected energy reduction goals. In order to effectively control the rapid increase in carbon emissions across western China, we need a comprehensively analyze the main factors causing these increases. Here, we analyze the relationship between economic development patterns and carbon emissions. The findings suggest that consumption upgrades and industrial transformation have a positive correlation with carbon emissions in this region. We then conducted an econometric FGLS analysis on the relationship and its transmission mechanism between economic growth and CO2 emissions with cross-province panel data from 1991 to 2009. A positive correlation was found, and the relationship is more significant after the implementation of the western development strategy. The influen...

Manufacturing Industries Transfer Trend in China 1999 - 2010

Construction of the regional industrial competitiveness coefficient model to measure and evaluate the dynamic trend of industrial transfer between the manufacturing industries of the eastern, central and western regions since its formal implementation of the western development strategy in 1999, China, the results show that from 2000 to 2010 the absolute superiority of the eastern part of the manufacturing sector is still obvious, even to expand, and the East Midwest gap has not narrowed, as well as the expansion of large-scale industrial transfer and did not happen.

The Application Prospect of Governance Models of National Top 100 Counties-Taking Henan Province as an Example

In this study, we show that different counties in Henan have formed prototypes of some governance models and 4 governance models have their own application space and regions. Under the background of China promoting central and western development strategy and industrial transfer from eastern region, Henan should seize this critical opportunity and all county governments should select or build their appropriate governance model according to their own economic, social and environmental conditions, learn from and use various county governance models to improve their county governance levels; in the meantime, the government should also strive to shape and build new ways of governance or even governance models and form new governance models in addition to the four models in order to promote rapid economic development of the county, thus achieve a strong comprehensive competitiveness.

An Analysis of Decoupling Relationships of Water Uses and Economic Development in the Two Provinces of Yunnan and Guizhou During the First Ten Years of Implementing the Great Western Development Strategy

With the decoupling elasticity model, this paper studies the decoupling relationships (DRs) of total water uses (TWU) and provincial GDP, agricultural water uses (AWU) and agricultural added value (AAV), as well as industrial water uses (IWU) and industrial added value (IAV) respectively in Yunnan and Guizhou during the first ten years for the implementation of the Great Western Development Strategy. The results indicate that the DRs of water uses and economic development are highly undesirable in both provinces. Among the three groups, the DRs of AWU and AAV are the worst of all, with strong or weak coupling in 5 of the 10 years; the DRs of IWU and IAV are slightly better with strong coupling respectively in 3 of the 10 years in Yunnan and in 2 of the 10 years in Guizhou; and the DRs of TWU and GDP are the best, with strong or weak decoupling in 7 of the 10 years in both provinces. The DRs have improved in the period of 2006-2010 if compared with that in the period of 2001-2005. It is concluded that slow economic growth, low efficiency and poor structure of water uses are the main reasons for the worse status of DRs, and the development of economy and water uses efficiency promotes the DRs getting better.