Western Carolina University Research Articles

Applied Spectroscopy News

Applied Spectroscopy News is a monthly feature in the journal. It includes information from the Society for Applied Spectroscopy, news from other societies and institutions, announcements of meetings, schools, or other activities, and reports of symposia from recent conferences. If you have news items, a meeting announcement, or a report from a symposium that would be in interest to readers of Applied Spectroscopy, contact David J. Butcher, Applied Spectroscopy News Editor, 340C Stillwell Science Building, 246 Central Drive, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC 28723, Ph: (828) 227-7646, email: david.butcher@analytchem.org .

Applied Spectroscopy News

Applied Spectroscopy News is a monthly feature in the journal. It includes information from the Society for Applied Spectroscopy, news from other societies and institutions, announcements of meetings, schools, or other activities, and reports of symposia from recent conferences. If you have news items, a meeting announcement, or a report from a symposium that would be in interest to readers of Applied Spectroscopy, contact David J. Butcher, Applied Spectroscopy News Editor, 340C Stillwell Science Building, 246 Central Drive, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC 28723, Ph: (828) 227-7646, email: david.butcher@analytchem.org .

Canton Connections: A University-Community Partnership for Post-Disaster Revitalization

Back-to-back hurricanes prompted the creation of a partnership between Western Carolina University and an affected community in western North Carolina. The partnership was designed to promote the economic, social, and cultural revitalization of the community while creating opportunities for civic engagement and enriched student learning. The principal stakeholders in the partnership were the university and the municipal government, representing the community at large. The partners undertook several projects over a three-year period as part of a comprehensive, multifaceted initiative. In this article, the authors discuss the benefits and impact of the projects on participants and the community. They also share the insights gained and lessons learned from the initiative and comment briefly on factors inherent in effective university-community partnerships.

Applied Spectroscopy News

Applied Spectroscopy News is a monthly feature in the journal. It includes information from the Society for Applied Spectroscopy, news from other societies and institutions, announcements of meetings, schools, or other activities, and reports of symposia from recent conferences. If you have news items, a meeting announcement, or a report from a symposium that would be in interest to readers of Applied Spectroscopy, contact David J. Butcher, Applied Spectroscopy News Editor, 340C Stillwell Science Building, 246 Central Drive, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC 28723, Ph: (828) 227-7646, email: david.butcher@analytchem.org .

Improve Teaching or Research? SoTL Method Does Both

Improve Teaching or Research? SoTL Method Does Both

Applied Spectroscopy News

Applied Spectroscopy News is a monthly feature in the journal. It includes information from the Society for Applied Spectroscopy, news from other societies and institutions, announcements of meetings, schools, or other activities, and reports of symposia from recent conferences. If you have news items, a meeting announcement, or a report from a symposium that would be in interest to readers of Applied Spectroscopy, contact David J. Butcher, Applied Spectroscopy News Editor, 340C Stillwell Science Building, 246 Central Drive, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC 28723, Ph: (828) 227-7646, email: [email protected].

The Rising Sea

Review: The Rising Sea By Orrin H. Pilkey and Rob Young Reviewed by Ryder W. Miller San Francisco, California, USA Pilkey, Orrin H. and Young, Rob. The Rising Sea. Washington, D.C.: Island Press/Shearwater Books, 2009. 203 pp. ISBN 9781597261913. US $25.95, recycled, acid free paper. The Rising Sea from Orrin H. Pilkey, professor emeritus in the Nicholas School of the Environment at Duke University (and also 20 year editor of the Living with the Shores series), and Rob Young, Director of the Program for the Study of Developed Shorelines and Professor of Geosciences at Western Carolina University, is a book that is likely to inspire many. The authors knowledgably and effectively sound the retreat from the coast. Rather than focusing on arguments about global temperature rise, the authors focus on the physical evidence of global warming. They cite measurements that show the ocean has risen, and is rising by one to three millimeters a year. The pictures and diagrams are dramatic: glaciers have shrunk and disappeared around the world, shorelines have moved inland and inhabited islands are in danger of being inundated. Though seeming dramatically alarmist, the authors are convinced that we are in the thick of a sea level rise. After reading the evidence presented here you are likely to be so even if you still have a few doubts. Pilkey and Young also provide a working predictive figure for ocean level rise by the turn of the century: “For planning purposes, we think that a 7-foot (2 m) sea level rise by the year 2100 should be assumed. It is thus our belief that coastal management and planning should be carried out assuming that the ice sheet disintegration will continue and accelerate. This is a cautious and conservative approach.” (p. 79). The predictions have also grown more worrisome because the polar caps are also melting at an unexpected rate. The book will also benefit natural scientists with chapters that detail how the rising sea will affect coastal, wetland, and marine ecosystems. The coral reefs may not be able to survive the rising sea levels, nor will root sea plants that rely on sunlight. The intended readership for the book is not only academics. It will also benefit coastal planners and those who want a clear picture of what is at stake. It also serves as a nice summary for those who want to have a global picture of the effects of global warming. Those living along the Mississippi Delta are also likely to benefit from the book because it includes a chapter that serves as a case study of the area. The book will also be helpful for those who live near the seashore and in coastal cities. The authors contend that people need to prepare to move away from the shorelines: “In early 2009, the Corps [The Army Corps of Engineers] made it official that relocating coastal property is more cost effective than trying to protect the property by building artificial beaches” (p. 164). The book is dramatic enough to rivet a general or concerned reader.

Serving Those Who Have Served—Managing Veteran and Military Student Best Practices

An increasing number of veterans and military students are seeking to complete degrees online and through enrollment at campuses across the nation. Their increased numbers present some unique challenges and opportunities. Post 9/11, Chapter 33 GI Bill funding is enticing more institutions to look at the veteran and military population as a critical recruitment population. Successful management of these students requires institutional responses that many consider transformational. Failure to understand the needs of these students is likely to result in an unsuccessful experience for both the student and the institution of higher education. The following introduces the concept of a “military friendly” institution and outlines practices engaged by Western Carolina University supporting the concept.

Psychology gets in the game: sport, mind, and behavior, 1880-1960

Chapter 1. Introduction Christopher D. Green (York University, Toronto), and Ludy T. Benjamin (Texas A and M University) Chapter 2. The Dawn of Sport in Europe 1880 - 1930. Gunther Baumler (Technische Hochschule Munchen, Germany) Chapter 3. E. W. Scripture and the Application of New Psychology Methodology to Athletics. C. James Goodwin (Western Carolina University) Chapter 4. Norman Triplett and The Dawning Of Sport Psychology. Stephen F. Davis (Emporia State University, Kansas), Matthew T. Huss (Creighton University, Nebraska), and Angela H. Becker (Indiana University-Kokomo) Chapter 5. Early Research on the Acquisition of Skill in Archery by Karl S. Lashley and John B. Watson. Donald A. Dewsbury (University of Florida) Chapter 6. and Baseball: The Testing of Babe Ruth. Alfred H. Fuchs (Bowdoin College, Maine) Chapter 7. An Offensive Advantage: The Football Charging Studies at Stanford University. Frank G. Baugh (William Carey University, Mississippi) and Ludy T. Benjamin, Jr. (Texas A and M University) Chapter 8. Coleman Roberts Griffith: Father of North American Sport Psychology. Christopher D. Green (York University, Toronto) Chapter 9. Paul Brown: Bringing Psychological Testing to Football. Stephen T. Graef (University of Akron), Alan S. Kornspan (University of Akron), and David Baker (University of Akron) Chapter 10. Enhancing Performance in Sport: The Use of Hypnosis and Other Psychological Techniques in the 1950s and 1960s. Alan S. Kornspan (University of Akron) Chapter 11. Conclusion: The Proper History of Sport Psychology. Christopher D. Green (York University, Toronto) and Ludy T. Benjamin, Jr. (Texas A and M University)

Civil Rights Memorials and the Geography of Memory (review)

T H E A L A B A M A R E V I E W 228 dialogue into how the forces of tourism exploit or revitalize a culture or community. Beard-Moose’s affable writing style and sharp wit make this a readable book for the student, regionalist, or scholar. I look forward to her next “update.” SUSAN M. ABRAM Western Carolina University Civil Rights Memorials and the Geography of Memory. By Owen J. Dwyer and Derek H. Alderman. Chicago: Center for American Places at Columbia College Chicago, 2008. viii, 144 pp. $49.50 (cloth). ISBN 978-1-93006671 -7. $27.50 (paper). ISBN 978-1-930066-83-0. In the not very distant past of thirty-odd years ago, African Americans were nearly totally absent from American public history sites. In public parks and the courthouse lawns, memorials celebrated elite white men, many of whom had in fact participated in upholding slavery and racial inequality. But in the last thirty years, in the wake of a successful movement to achieve civil rights, America’s memorial landscape has been radically reshaped. Today, there are over a dozen museums dedicated to remembering the civil rights movement. Sites of horrific violence, such as Kelly Ingram Park in Birmingham, have been turned into commemorative landscapes, while plaques and markers honoring the black freedom struggle have appeared in southern cities and along the region’s highways. The most mundane but powerful example of the immense changes in the American landscape might be the rapid rise in the number of streets being renamed for movement luminaries, especially for Martin Luther King Jr. By 2003, 730 streets in thirty-nine states and the District of Columbia had been named for King. Civil Rights Memorials and the Geography of Memory explores the meaning and significance of this memorialization of the civil rights movement. By focusing on the politics of producing and locating the memorials, as well as the histories they relate, Dwyer and Alderman demonstrate that memorials do not establish “an authoritative recounting of the past” (p. 14). Rather, they provide a new means of contesting the legacies and meanings of the past. In the case of civil rights memorials, these confrontations offer a window into the nature and extent of racism in contemporary American society. In this concise and cogently written book, Dwyer and Alderman offer a useful introduction to many of the questions central to the study of memorials and historical memory. The first of their three chapters J U L Y 2 0 1 0 229 examines which stories civil rights memorials relate, and which histories they tend to ignore. The second chapter looks at the politics and economics of creating civil rights memorials, while the third analyzes the location and distribution of civil rights memorials, both on a regional and a local scale. Dwyer and Alderman find that, for the most part, civil rights memorials relate a celebratory story of a “won cause” that focuses on the dramatic victories toppling legal segregation. This rendering of history highlights major events and elite, male leaders. Thus while civil rights memorials offer a departure from traditional public history in that they commemorate the black past, they hew closely to other memorial conventions by focusing on “great men” rather than everyday people or grassroots organizing. The book also offers fascinating portraits of the many interests at stake in building memorials, from white politicians and businessmen who believe a new civil rights museum will remake their city’s image and bring in tourist dollars, to long-committed black activists, or “memorial entrepreneurs ,” who desperately want to keep the past alive in order to offer lessons for today. Building these memorials, Dwyer and Alderman make clear, is a form of political work that requires major collaboration and cooperation. The authors offer an engaging introduction to the field of memorial studies, and it would make an excellent teaching text. It is also a useful guide to how geographers think about memorials. Explicitly pedagogical , the epilogue focuses on teaching visitors how to “read” memorial landscapes like a book by listing thirty helpful questions to ask about memorial sites. For students of Alabama history, the book offers an extended...

The Race between the Turtle and the Beaver

The Race between the Turtle and the Beaver

Antitumor Activity of Aralia racemosa

The southern Appalachians are home to an extraordinary variety of plant species, many of which have been used medicinally by local populations. The vast majority of these species have not been studied for their antitumor activity, constituting a significant bioexploration opportunity. We have recently begun a targeted screening program for identifying plants indigenous to Western North Carolina with potential antitumor activity. Initial screening against the MCF-7 breast tumor cell line identified an extract of Aralia racemosa (aerial parts) as having cytotoxic activity. Combined CH2Cl2 extractions of the acidified crude organic extract showed dose-dependent toxicity towards MCF-7 cells, with IC50 around 100 µg/mL. Bioassay-guided fractionation by reverse phase C18 open column chromatography, followed by reverse phase C18 HPLC, afforded the major cytotoxic component, a twenty-carbon terpenoid, along with an inactive twenty-carbon compound. The major cytotoxic compound gives 73% inhibition growth of MCF-7 cells at 100 µg/mL. The structure has been characterized by NMR spectroscopy and ESI-MS, and these results will be presented. Acknowledgements: We thank the Western Carolina University SURF Program for summer support for T.J.W. We thank Wake Forest University Health Sciences Virus and Vector Core Laboratory for assay work.

Antitumor Activity of Arnoglossum atriplicifolium

Western North Carolina is home to one of the most diverse collections of botanical species in the temperate world. The region is also an extensive repository of herbal natural healing knowledge, developed through the centuries by Native American and European settler practitioners, regional plant species with documented medicinal properties number in the hundreds. These factors combine to present urgent need for Western North Carolina to use cutting edge technology to identify, validate, protect, and use its matchless natural resources in innovative, sustainable, and productive ways including careful bioexploration. We have recently launched a targeted screening program for identifying plants indigenous to Western North Carolina with potential antitumor activity. Initial screening against the MCF-7 breast tumor cell line identified an extract of Arnoglossum atriplicifolium (whole plant) as having cytotoxic activity. Numerous lipophilic fractions exhibit dose-dependent toxicity towards MCF-7 and PC-3 cells, with IC50 values as low as 20 µg/mL. The results of bioassay-guided fractionation by reverse phase C18 open column chromatography followed by reverse phase C18 HPLC will be presented as will data demonstrating that many of the fractions show low to moderate cytotoxicity against fibroblasts in cell culture. Acknowledgements: This work was supported, in part, by the NC Biotechnology Center's Biotechnolgy Research Program grant. We thank the Western Carolina University Quality Enhancement Program for summer support for T.J.W. We thank Wake Forest University Health Sciences Virus and Vector Core Laboratory for assay work.

Book Write Ups

Book Write Ups George Brosi Kevin T. Barksdale. The Lost State of Franklin: America's First Secession. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2009. 283 pages with map, notes, index, and bibliography. Hardback with dust jacket, $50.00. The state of Franklin was formed in what is now East Tennessee in 1784, in effect seceeding from North Carolina. It functioned as the primary government for the scattered pioneer settlements in the area until 1788, Barksdale, a history professor at Marshall University, addresses not only the historical phenomenon but also the romantic myths about it. Marie Bartlett. The Frontier Nursing Service: America's First Rural Nurse Midwife Service and School. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company, Inc., 2009. 250 pages with index, bibliography, photos, and notes. Trade paperback, $39.95. The Frontier Nursing Service, centered in Leslie County in the Eastern Kentucky coalfields, was established by Mary Breckinridge not only to serve its territory but also to be an example to the rest of the nation of the efficacy of midwifery. This is the story of this on-going organization's first forty years, from 1925-1965. The author lives in Hendersonville, North Carolina. This is her fourth non-fiction book. Rebecca J. Bailey. Matewan before the Massacre: Politics, Coal, and the Roots of Conflict in a West Virginia Mining Community. Morgantown: West Virginia University Press, 2008. 224 pages. Trade paperback, $27.50. Rebecca Bailey first became interested in Matewan as a child listening to her grandfather, a coal miner, tell about being a witness to the murder of Mayor Sid Hatfield in Matewan during the coal wars there in 1920. She was able to begin researching the town as a graduate student at West Virginia University. She now teaches history at Northern Kentucky University. [End Page 73] Jefferson Bass. Bones of Betrayal: A Body Farm Novel. New York: William Morrow, 2009. 356 pages with diagrams. Hardback with dust jacket, $24.99. This is the fourth novel and the sixth book by this Knoxville author team of Dr. Bill Bass, a forensic anthropologist, and Jon Jefferson. The University of Tennessee's "Body Farm," created in 1981 by Dr. Bass, is a secure two-and-a-half acre site near the university where forensic scientists can study body decomposition in various conditions. Other similar research sites exist elsewhere, including Western Carolina University, but this is the most famous. John R. Burch, Jr. The Bibliography of Appalachia. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company, Inc., 2009. 222 pages with indexes. Trade paperback, $55.00. This book provides bibliographic citations for more than 4,700 books, articles, monographs and dissertations separated into twenty-four subject topics. Spot checks, of course, can quickly establish that it is not exhaustive. The fact that none of the entries are annotated limits its usefulness, as does the breadth of the topics. For example, "Ethnicity, Race, and Identity" could constructively be divided so that those interested in native peoples wouldn't have to scan through the other listings. Nevertheless, it certainly deserves to be consulted by scholars and other research enthusiasts exploring any regional topic, and it needs to be in every regional library. Thomas Rain Crowe. The End of Eden: Writings of an Environmental Activist. Nicholasville, Ky.: Wind Publications, 2008. 171 pages with illustrations by Robert Johnson. Trade paperback, $15.00. In his "Preface" to this book, Crowe explains that ever since the University of Georgia Press published Zoro's Field: My Life in the Appalachian Woods, folks have inquired what he has done subsequently. This book is his answer. He has moved two counties west to Jackson County, North Carolina, and has been running a small publishing house and writing prolifically for local newspapers and other periodicals. [End Page 74] Robert Johnson, who lives in the Celo community northeast of Asheville, provides striking illustrations for the book. William C. Davis and James I. Robertson, Jr., eds. Virginia at War, 1863. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2008. 218 pages with index, bibliography, and notes. Hardback with dust jacket, $35.00. Two of the most eminent experts on the Civil War in Virginia have here collaborated to create a book of readings that dramatically broadens discourse on what was going on during this...

Academic and Special Library Collaboration in North Carolina: the MAHEC/WCU Partnership

Distance education is a rapidly expanding segment of the education marketplace, and the ability to support remote students with appropriate and quality services has become a major challenge for libraries. This article is concerned with library support for nursing students who are enrolled in a distance education program. Specifically, this article describes a collaborative arrangement wherein the Mountain Area Health Education Center (MAHEC) provides Western Carolina University (WCU) students with library services.

Organizing Wilderness Medicine on a Regional Scale

From the College of Health & Human Sciences, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC (Drs Hawkins and McGinnis); the Department of Emergency Medicine, Blue Ridge HealthCare, Morganton, NC (Dr Hawkins); the Department of Emergency Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (Dr McGinnis); the Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC (Dr Visser); and The Appalachian Center for Wilderness Medicine, Morganton, NC (Drs Hawkins, McGinnis, and Visser).

Promoting Collaboration in Nursing Education: The Development of a Regional Simulation Laboratory

This article describes a collaboratively developed plan for a regional patient simulation laboratory for nursing education. The Western North Carolina Regional Simulation Laboratory will be located at the Enka Campus of the Asheville-Buncombe Technical Community College at the Department of Nursing of Western Carolina University (Candler, NC). A proactive collaborative consortium has been established to help meet the demand for nursing education in the 13 most rural mountain counties of western North Carolina. Through a 2-year process with regional networking, the nursing administration of Western Carolina University, Mission Hospitals, Asheville-Buncombe Technical Community College, and affiliated community colleges, consortium hospitals, and emergency care services developed a vision and a proposal for an innovative program for the nursing education of the future. The consortium proposed the establishment of a 3-year integrated educational program utilizing state-of-the-art simulation manikin technology. Financial resources were obtained from a charitable grant from The Duke Endowment (Charlotte, NC). Sustainability of funding will be ensured through university, hospital, and community college collaboration.

Ecological restoration as a central theme for applied vegetation science

Applied Vegetation ScienceVolume 10, Issue 1 p. 1-2 Ecological restoration as a central theme for applied vegetation science Alessandro Chiarucci, Alessandro Chiarucci Department of Environmental Science‘G. Sarfatti’, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorBeverly Collins, Beverly Collins Department of Biology, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC 28723, USA; E-mail collinsb@wcu.eduSearch for more papers by this authorSandra Díaz, Sandra Díaz Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Casilla de Correo, RA-5000 Córdoba, Argentina; E-mail sdiaz@com.uncor.eduSearch for more papers by this authorPeter S. White, Peter S. White Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA; E-mail peter.white@unc.eduSearch for more papers by this authorJ. Bastow Wilson, Corresponding Author J. Bastow Wilson Botany Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand Corresponding author: bastow@bastow.ac.nzSearch for more papers by this author Alessandro Chiarucci, Alessandro Chiarucci Department of Environmental Science‘G. Sarfatti’, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorBeverly Collins, Beverly Collins Department of Biology, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC 28723, USA; E-mail collinsb@wcu.eduSearch for more papers by this authorSandra Díaz, Sandra Díaz Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Casilla de Correo, RA-5000 Córdoba, Argentina; E-mail sdiaz@com.uncor.eduSearch for more papers by this authorPeter S. White, Peter S. White Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA; E-mail peter.white@unc.eduSearch for more papers by this authorJ. Bastow Wilson, Corresponding Author J. Bastow Wilson Botany Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand Corresponding author: bastow@bastow.ac.nzSearch for more papers by this author First published: 24 February 2007 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-109X.2007.tb00497.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume10, Issue1April 2007Pages 1-2 RelatedInformation

Coming to Rest (review)

Kathryn Stripling Byer. Coming to Rest. Baton Rouge: LSU Press, 2006. 63 pages. Hardback $45.00. Trade paperback $16.95. Thisnew collectionbyNorthCarolina'sPoetLaureateoffersreaders a splendid variety of subject matter, tone and poetic forms. The book's thirty-six poems (along with an untitled "song" that concludes the second of its three parts) address such topics as family relationships and home, memory, mortality, "the old hymn of April" as Byer writes in "I Listen" (12), and the power of "language [to] raise the world up / from the grave of our common amnesia" (56). In "Nets," she notes how "Line / for the caveman worked / magic" in its depiction ofbison and mammoth; the same can be said for many of Byer's own lines. The title of Part 1, "Again," announces the volume's emphasis on memory and on the motif of return, both literal and figurative. The epigraphtothis sectioncomes fromSeamusHeaney's "The Birthplace," lines that give Byer's book its title and a good share of its thematic focus: We come back emptied, to nourish and resist the words of coming to rest: birthplace, roofbeam, whitewash, flagstone, hearth. (1) "Home" is a key term in this collection, occurring in at least twenty different poems, including the opening poem, "Coastal Plain," which speaks of "Home that calls / / and calls / and calls" (4) and which uses couplets of identical rhyme as if to mirror, stanza by stanza, the movement of return. In the five-part title poem, Byer displays her skill with both traditional forms and free verse by including a villanelle, a sonnet and a ghazal. The final seven of the twelve poems in Part 1 deal with experiences involving the poet's daughter Corinna, to whom Coming to Rest is dedicated, experiences that range from infancy to Cory's twenty-first birthday. The final poem in Part 1, "Chicago Bound," with its portrait of an airplane flight to that city, where Cory awaits her parents' visit to celebrate her birthday, provides a skillful transition to Part 2, which utilizes the journey motif in fifteen poems describing a trip to the westernUnited States and the poet's subsequent return home. 87 Entitled "Singing to Salt Woman," Part 2 is unified not only by the motif of the journey but also by water imagery. Here the term "home" recurs often, but Byer also inquires, "what's native now?" (28), a question she responds to in "Zuni," the central poem in Part 2, in which she remarks: Maybe native means nothing if not our own way of recovering, back to the first wind that quickened it, what we call home----- (33) The legend of Salt Woman cited in "Zuni" takes readers back to what the poem's closing lines call "a creation story / whose ripples keep cnreading / beyond comprehension" (33). Byer again invokes the mytnu^w. a,„118? 0f tne human imagi«**™, in "Edge of Plains," a poemthat contrasts tue1,^^nnnnS' visionof a "heavenly ?ß?-ow with the Anasazi's embrace of "earthly / repose" (35). Just as the trajectory of the airplane in "Chicago Bound" is earthward ("if it's down / there on earth where you are, / it's Sweet Home," says the poet to Corinna), so the trajectory of Byer's poetic vision in Part 2 comes to rest on the images of a linen tablecloth settling over a table and of Alice Mathews, Byer's former colleague at Western Carolina University to whom the poems in Part 2 are dedicated, delighting in the sight and smell and taste of raspberries. Part 3, "Closer," contains just ten poems, yet all but the last run longerthan any ofthepoems inPart2. This section's title invites readers to ask, "Closer to what?" Among many possible answers, two seem prominent: closer to death, to the sense of mortality that haunts many of these poems, and closer to home, whether home denotes a particular place or the recovery of one's past or ultimate union with the life force manifest on "the dawn of the first morning" (35). The epigraph to Part 3 refers to "the call / and response of memory" (41), and this section's opening poem, "The Still Here and Now," recollects the poet's first day as...

Zeb Vance: North Carolina's Civil War Governor and Gilded Age Political Leader (review)

Reviewed by: Zeb Vance: North Carolina’s Civil War Governor and Gilded Age Political Leader Ansley Herring Wegner Zeb Vance: North Carolina’s Civil War Governor and Gilded Age Political Leader. By Gordon B. McKinney. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004. Pp. 496. Cloth $45.00.) Gordon McKinney, once a history professor at Western Carolina University and now director of the Appalachian Center at Berea College, was co-editor of the microfilm edition of the papers of Zebulon Vance and author of the guide to those papers, issued in 1987. In that capacity he came to know one of North Carolina's favorite sons. In the preface to Zeb Vance: North Carolina's Civil War Governor and Gilded Age Political Leader, McKinney establishes the place of his own work within the previous scholarship on Vance. Having the advantage of additional resources and innovative analytical tools, McKinney examines Vance's military and political careers more astutely than previous biographers. He scrutinized a variety of Vance's speeches and letters, placing them in the context of the contemporary social and political atmosphere, with exceptional effect. Interested in politics at a young age, Zebulon Baird Vance in his time was known as a superior public speaker. While he read law and became a licensed [End Page 328] attorney, Vance's skills and interest lay in the political arena. McKinney adeptly demonstrates Vance's attraction to politics and explicates his early political maneuvers. Vance first entered public service at the age of twenty-four, in 1854, serving a term in the lower house of the North Carolina General Assembly. He went to Washington in 1858 to fill the congressional seat vacated by Thomas L. Clingman and was reelected for the 1859–60 term. Although an outspoken Unionist prior to the firing on Fort Sumter, Vance subsequently led his company of "Rough and Ready Guards" into the Confederate Army. In writing about Vance's military service, McKinney effectively depicts the relationship between Vance and his lieutenant colonel Henry K. Burgwyn Jr. while conveying a clear sense of Vance's military skills and deficiencies. Colonel Vance was as outspoken in uniform as he was on the political stump. McKinney gives Vance credit for remaining in uniform while campaigning for governor. Vance did resign his military commission when he was elected governor of North Carolina in 1862, a position he would hold until the demise of the Confederacy. Vance's service as governor has been studied exhaustively by historians, but McKinney's approach of using speeches and correspondence to convey his political dexterity is refreshing, and the analysis is thought-provoking. Given that Vance was in his own time—as well as today—known for his flair for public speaking, the attention to this aspect of his career is merited. McKinney effectively uses statistical analysis of voting patterns in studying Vance's political endeavors, shedding light on the environment in which the politician was working. Vance was again elected governor of North Carolina in 1876, but he served only two years before being elected to the United States Senate. He remained in the Senate until his death in 1894. McKinney gives ample attention to Vance's post–Civil War life and public service, again using speeches and firsthand accounts to his advantage. McKinney marks the gubernatorial success of 1876 as a turning point in Vance's career and in the public memory of him (323). The chapter "Monuments and the Man" (406–15) is a fitting conclusion to the biography of such a celebrated individual. McKinney draws on the Confederate memorial movement and conveys the lionization of the man whose likeness was selected to represent North Carolina in the statuary hall at the nation's Capitol. Worth noting is the somewhat garbled Civil War story of a mountain man who goes home on leave only to return with his wife "Matilda," disguised as a man (84). Records indicate that Keith Blaylock and his wife Malinda enlisted on the same day. Even McKinney's book, The Heart of Confederate Appalachia (2000), co-authored with John Inscoe, properly identifies her as Malinda (189–90). The selection of illustrations is somewhat unimaginative, reproducing only the standard portraits and...