Western Bahia Research Articles

Water stress coefficient determined by orbital remote sensing techniques

ABSTRACT In regions where the irrigated area is increasing and water availability is reduced, such as the West of the Bahia state, Brazil, the use of techniques that contribute to improving water use efficiency is paramount. One of the ways to improve irrigation is by improving the calculation of actual evapotranspiration (ETa), which among other factors is influenced by soil drying, so it is important to understand this relationship, which is usually accounted for in irrigation management models through the water stress coefficient (Ks). This study aimed to estimate the water stress coefficient (Ks) through information obtained via remote sensing, combined with field data. For this, a study was carried out in the municipality of São Desidério, an area located in western Bahia, using images of the Landsat-8 satellite. Ks was calculated by the relationship between crop evapotranspiration and ETa, calculated by the Simple Algorithm for Evapotranspiration Retrieving (SAFER). The Ks estimated by remote sensing showed, for the development and medium stages, average errors on the order of 5.50%. In the final stage of maize development, the errors obtained were of 23.2%.

A Remote Sensing Diagnosis of Water Use and Water Stress in a Region with Intense Irrigation Growth in Brazil

Western Bahia, Brazil, is a classic example of a region where intense irrigation growth has led to acute water stress situations in a few small basins. The water stress problem has the potential to grow regionally. However, there are currently no systematic field measurements of water withdrawn from rivers or groundwater to supply irrigation systems. In this work, we merge remote sensing and river gauge data to assess both the amount of water used for irrigation in Western Bahia and also its consequences for regional water stress, identifying water conflict situations and assessing water security. Remote sensing products used include time series of the normalized difference vegetation index, evapotranspiration, and rainfall. Field data include time series of river discharge and calibration data for crop status and actual evapotranspiration. From calibrated remote sensing products, three-day water balances were calculated for each center pivot using computations of irrigation depth and water uptake for irrigation, both individually at the center-pivot scale and integrated regionally. From these regional integrations, a simple water-use diagnostic indicated that three sub-basins presented the most critical conditions for water conflicts. An in-depth analysis of these sub-basins shows that, despite the high water stress, water use for irrigation has been steadily increasing, pushing the water use to its limits. This work demonstrates that the use of remote sensing products together with field data is a powerful tool for diagnosing water conflict situations. The limitations of this work relate to the absence of field data to validate the water uptake estimated and to the lack of additional long-term and high-quality river flow stations to provide diagnostics for all small basins in the region.

Carbon stocks and dynamics of different land uses on the Cerrado agricultural frontier.

The largest and most dynamic agricultural frontier in Brazil is known as MATOPIBA, an area that covers part of the Cerrado biome. Within this region, Western Bahia stands out as a large producer of soy and cotton. There are no studies that quantify carbon stocks for different land uses and land cover types in Western Bahia, which hinders comprehension of the role of agricultural expansion in carbon dynamics and the development of sustainable agriculture policies. Here, we evaluate how the land use changes in this region have affected the carbon balance in the aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass (BGB), and soil reservoirs. We collected soil samples for areas with different land uses and land cover types to estimate soil carbon stocks (SCS) and combined remote sensing results and modeling techniques to develop a historical reconstruction of spatial patterns of SCS, AGB, and BGB during the period 1990–2018. The replacement of areas from the forest formations class with pasture and rainfed agriculture reduced the 100 cm depth SCS (SCS100) by 37.3% (p = 0.031) and 30.3% (p = 0.053), respectively. By contrast, the conversion of pasture and rainfed agriculture to irrigated agriculture increased SCS100 by 34% (p = 0.034) and 26.5% (p = 0.022), respectively. Spatial changes in historical carbon stocks are strongly associated with land use changes that occurred between 1990 and 2018. We estimated a non-significant loss of 61.9 Tg-C (p = 0.726) from the total carbon stocks (calculated as the sum of AGB, BGB, and SCS) of which 80% of the losses came from soil stocks, 11% from BGB, and 8% from AGB. These findings reveal the need to monitor carbon stocks in sandy soils to reduce the uncertainties of estimates and support the development of effective sustainable agriculture policies. The best alternatives for reducing carbon losses in the Cerrado are to maintain natural forest cover and to recover soils through sustainable soil management, especially in pasturelands where soil carbon stocks are lowest.

Estudio epidemiológico de prevalência de la erliquiosis monocítica canina em la ciudad de Barreiras – Bahia

Considered a health problem because it is a zoonosis and of great importance in the medical clinical routine of small animals, Canine Monocytic Erlichiosis can cause fever and diarrhea, in addition to disorders in the neurological and renal system. Thus, in view of the clinical relevance of the pathology, the objective was to identify the number of cases that occurrend in the city of Barreiras Western Bahia, during the period from January to December 2018, relating them to climatic conditions presente in certain intervals, breeds in which the incidence of cases was manifested in a more prominent way, in addition to the sex and age of the affected dogs, thus establishing diferente causes. It was found from na epidemiological study, more than 140 diagnoses, with superior involvement during the rainy season off emales, without defined race, between 1 to 5 years of age. It is essential to pay attention to prophylaxis, in order to reduce the number of cases and intensify animal welfare.

Calibration and validation of the SWAT model for hydrological simulation in a basin in Western Bahia

Hydrological modeling presents itself as a fundamental tool for the management and management of water resources, since it helps to understand the flow of water, sediments and contaminants in a hydrographic basin. The Correntina River basin, located in the western region of Bahia, has been undergoing an intense process of alteration in its landscape motivated by the expansion of agricultural areas in the region, requiring the adoption of instruments for studies that assess the environmental impacts mainly on surface water resources. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the SWAT model for representing the hydrological behavior in the hydrographic basin of the Correntina River, using the SWAT-CUP for automatic calibration and validation. Statistical performance coefficients attested the model's capacity for hydrological simulations in this basin on a monthly time scale, with KGE, Pbias, NSE and R² showing values ​​of 0.69, 0.57, 0.5% and 0.74 in the calibration stage, and 0.73, -3.95 %, 0.64 and 0.76 in the validation step, respectively. In addition, the SWAT was also shown to be suitable for simulating the permanence curves, characterizing the model as a good tool to aid the management of water resources in the basin under study. Subsequent studies will make it possible to analyze the impacts of land use and climate change on the hydrological behavior of the basin under study.

SOIL DENSITY AND OPTIMUM MOISTURE FOR SOIL COMPACTION IN FIVE SOIL CLASSES IN WESTERN BAHIA STATE

The transformation of natural ecosystems into agricultural environments modifies the soil structure and it may result in its compaction. Therefore, the objective of this work was to determine the optimum moisture for soil compaction (wot) and maximum soil compaction density (Dsmax) in different soil classes in western Bahia State. The samples were collected in five sites covering different soil classes: Orthic Quartzarenic Neosol (RQ), Orthic Ebanic Vertisol (VEo), Haplic Cambisol (CX) and two Red-Yellow Latosol, one already cropped (LVA) and another with native forest (LVA1). Wot and Dsmax were determined according to ABNT NBR 7182 (1986) standards. Data were submitted to a regression analysis and also to the analysis of the principal components (PCA). Wot presented a decreasing order: VEo> LVA> LVA1> CX> RQo, ranging between 8.20 and 15.00% and Dsmax showed the following order RQo> LVA> LVA1> CX> VE, ranging between 1.34 and 1,92 Mg.m-3. The wot was directly proportional to the clay content and the organic carbon and inversely proportional to the soil sand content. For Dsmax, the influence of the clay was inversely proportional whereas in wot, this variable promoted the growth.

Zika epidemic and microcephaly in Brazil: Challenges for access to health care and promotion in three epidemic areas.

Since 2015 Brazil has experienced the social repercussions of the Zika virus epidemic, thus raising a debate about: difficulties of diagnosis; healthcare access for children with Zika Congenital Syndrome (ZCS); the search for benefits by affected families; social and gender inequalities; and a discussion on reproductive rights, among others. The objective of this article is to analyse access to specialized health services for the care of children born with ZCS in three North-eastern states of Brazil. This is an exploratory cross-sectional study which analyses recorded cases of microcephaly at the municipal level between 2015 and 2017. Most of the cases of ZCS were concentrated on the Northeast coast. Rio Grande do Norte and Paraiba had the highest incidence of microcephaly in the study period. The states of Bahia, Paraiba and Rio Grande do Norte were selected for their high incidence of microcephaly due to the Zika Virus. Socio-territorial vulnerability was stratified using access to microcephaly diagnosis and treatment indicators. The specialized care network was mapped according to State Health Secretaries Protocols. A threshold radius of 100 km was stablished as the maximum distance from municipalities centroids to specialised health care for children with microcephaly. Prenatal coverage was satisfactory in most of the study area, although availability of ultrasound equipment was uneven within states and health regions. Western Bahia had the lowest coverage of ultrasound equipment and lacked health rehabilitation services. ZCS's specialized health services were spread out over large areas, some of which were outside the affected patients' home municipalities, so displacements were expensive and very time consuming, representing an extra burden for the affected families. This study is the first to address accessibility of children with microcephaly to specialised health care services and points to the urgent need to expand coverage of these services in Brazil, especially in the northeastern states, which are most affected by the epidemic.

Analysis of groundwater and river stage fluctuations and their relationship with water use and climate variation effects on Alto Grande watershed, Northeastern Brazil

Sustainable use of water resources on the behavior of groundwater table and surface water level variations, especially in phreatic sedimentary aquifers, where a strong interaction between stream flow and groundwater normally takes place. In the present study, precipitation, water level fluctuation, river flow and pivot installation data from an important agricultural frontier with an increasing water use for irrigated agriculture and a downward precipitation trend were compared with surface and water level fluctuation monitoring data. The main purpose was to assess possible impacts on the aquifers and to analyze the variation in groundwater table and surface water levels due to long-term downward precipitation trend (climate variation effects) and increasing water demand (irrigation). A growing number of central pivots installed for irrigation are withdrawing water from the Urucuia Aquifer System (UAS) in western Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil, one of the leading agricultural frontiers of the world. Field surveys provided hydrogeological aspects that led to the construction of a hydrogeological conceptual model. Monitoring groundwater and surface water through Brazilian Geological Survey's Integrated Groundwater Monitoring Network (RIMAS-CPRM), satellite images and Hydrological Information System (HidroWeb-ANA) network formed the databases for the study. This data was compared with rainfall data and evolution of irrigated areas captured by satellite image analysis. Results indicate that reduction of rainfall volumes from 1990 to 2018 in the headwaters of Alto Grande basin, due to cyclic droughts, and an increase in surface and groundwater exploitation due to flourishing agribusiness activity has caused a considerable groundwater level drawdown. The drawdown of up to 6.63 m points to the need of strong management actions, which should provide a long-term sustainable use of water resources (superficial and underground) within Alto Grande watershed. This study is part of the actions undertaken to provide the scientific and technical basis to secure the availability of water and a sustainable agricultural activity, since an important part of the Cerrado, the Brazilian savanna ecosystem, and considerable proportion of São Francisco river flow, lies in the study area.

Mapping of corn phenological stages using NDVI from OLI and MODIS sensors

Crop phenology knowledge is relevant to a series of actions related to its management and can be accessed through vegetation indexes. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the use of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), from images of OLI and MODIS sensors, to obtain phenological information from corn crops. To this end, we evaluated two corn cropping areas, irrigated by a central pivot, and located western Bahia state, Brazil. These areas were managed with high technology and had no record of biotic and abiotic stresses. NDVI showed a well-defined temporal pattern throughout the corn cycle, with a rapid increase at the beginning, stabilization at intermediate stages, and decreases at the end of the cycle. Excellent fits for polynomial equations were obtained to estimate NDVI as a function of days after sowing (DAS), with R² values of 0.96 and 0.95 for images of OLI and MODIS sensors, respectively. This demonstrates that both sensors could characterize corn canopy changes over time. NDVI ranges were correlated with the main phenological stages (PE), using the direct relationship between both variables (NDVI and PE) with days after sowing (DAS). For the beginning and end of each phenological stage, NDVI ranges were validated through model identity testing. NDVI proved to be a suitable parameter to assess corn phenology accurately and remotely. Finally, NDVI was also an important tool for detecting biotic and abiotic stresses throughout the crop cycle, and hence for decision making based on corn phenology.

Yield of Corn Hybrids in Western Bahia and Southwest Goiania in the Agricultural Year 2017/2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield of corn hybrids in west Bahia and south-west Goias in the agricultural year of 2017/2018. The study was carried out in the municipalities of Luís Eduardo Magalhães in west Bahia - BA and Mineiros in south-west Goias – GO, Brasil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, the treatments being corn hybrids, 12 in west of Bahia and 23 in south-west of Goias. Each experimental unit was composed of 6 lines of 8 m in length spaced every 0.5 m and population of 70.000 ha-1 plants in 4 replications. The applications of pesticides were carried out in the morning, and the control of weeds, insects and diseases were carried out whenever necessary respecting the good practices of integrated pest management. After the harvest the yield was determined, correcting the grain moisture to 14%. Statistical analyzes were carried out at the Rbio and R interface. The analysis of variance analysis revealed that corn hybrids in the regions of west Bahia and south-west Goias were significant. The cultivation of the DKB390, MG711, DKB290 and 30F53 corn hybrids is recommended for west Bahia and the P3707 hybrid that has obtained yields above 170 sc ha-1 in south-west Goias. For both regions it was evidenced that the UPGMA grouping method using the generalized distance of Mahalanobis was efficient.

Soil Carbon Sequestration in Rainfed and Irrigated Production Systems in a New Brazilian Agricultural Frontier

Western Bahia, part of a large Brazilian agricultural frontier, is located mainly in fragile, sandy soils in a tropical seasonal climate with dry winters, characteristics that facilitate soil carbon loss. This study evaluates whether rainfed and irrigated agriculture in Western Bahia were able to sequester carbon and re-establish the soil organic carbon content (SOCC) lost due to land use change. Between 2010 and 2018, a total of 5469 soil samples were collected in the 0.00–0.20 m soil layer from nine farms and were used to calculate the annual rate of SOCC variation. The most recent SOCC measured in plots where land use change occurred 20 years ago was compared with the SOCC measured in areas of native vegetation (Cerrado). Results showed that (i) irrigated sandy agricultural lands replenished SOCC to the level observed in native vegetation by 20 years after a land use change event and are still capturing carbon at a significant rate, (ii) clayey, rainfed agricultural lands also sequester carbon, but these soils are not representative of the region, and (iii) sandy, rainfed agricultural lands, the predominant soil type and management practice in Western Bahia, are not a sink of CO2.

A cidade de Barreiras enquanto polo de Ensino Superior na região do Extremo Oeste da Bahia: desafios e perspectivas

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal discutir a expansão e interiorização de Instituições de Ensino Superior na cidade de Barreiras-BA, visando identificar as perspectivas e os desafios, além de interpretar como a expansão do Ensino Superior dinamiza a economia local e regional. No decorrer da referida pesquisa foi necessário uma análise sobre a implantação de Universidades no Extremo Oeste da Bahia, com ênfase na diversidade de alguns cursos superiores oferecidos pelas seguintes Instituições de Ensino Superior - IES: Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia – UFOB (mais os campus territorializados nas cidades de: Luís Eduardo Magalhães, Bom Jesus da Lapa e Barra); Instituto Federal da Bahia - IFBA, (campus Barreiras); Universidade do Estado da Bahia – UNEB, (campus IX); Faculdade São Francisco de Barreiras – FASB; Faculdade D. Pedro ll; Faculdade Regional da Bahia – UNIRB e Universidade Norte do Paraná – UNOPAR. Desta forma, considerando e pontuando a importância do Programa de Apoio a Planos de Reestruturação e Expansão das Universidades Federais (Reuni), nas cidades interioranas do Brasil.

Area-Wide Survey of Chlorantraniliprole Resistance and Control Failure Likelihood of the Neotropical Coffee Leaf Miner Leucoptera coffeella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae).

The Neotropical coffee leaf miner, Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Mèneville & Perrottet, 1842), is a key pest species of unshaded coffee plantations in Neotropical America, particularly in Brazil, where pest management involves intensive insecticide use. As a consequence, problems of resistance to conventional insecticides are frequent, and more recently developed insecticide molecules, such as diamide insecticides, are at risk of becoming ineffective. Thus, a survey of resistance to the diamide insecticide chlorantraniliprole was carried out in high-yield coffee-producing areas in the State of Bahia, Brazil. The likelihood of control failure with this insecticide was also assessed. Spatial dependence among the insect sampling sites was assessed and spatial mapping of chlorantraniliprole resistance and risk of control failure was carried out. The frequency of chlorantraniliprole resistant populations was high (34 out of 40 populations, or 85%), particularly in western Bahia, where 94% of the populations were resistant. Resistance levels ranged from low (<10-fold) to moderate (between 10- and 40-fold) with more serious instances occurring in western Bahia. This results in lower chlorantraniliprole efficacy among these populations, with a higher risk of control failure and exhibiting spatial dependence. These findings invite attention to problems with the intensive use of this relatively recent insecticide and demand management attention, but they suggest that local, farm-based management efforts are likely to be the most effective actions against resistance problems in this pest species.

Site-specific Nutrient Management Zones in Soybean Field Using Multivariate Analysis: An Approach Based on Variable Rate Fertilization

ABSTRACTDelineation of site-specific nutrient management zones (MZ) provides a basis for practical and cost-effective management of spatial soil fertility in precision agriculture. Therefore, the objective of this study was the delineation of MZs in a soybean field using geostatistics, principal component analysis (PCA), and the fuzzy k-means algorithm. The study was carried out in a field with 204 ha located in São Desidério, western Bahia state, Brazil (12 ° 25 ‘ 12” S, 45 ° 29ʹ 46” W). To do so, samples of soil attributes (0–20 cm), soybean yield, electrical conductivity (EC) at 0.20 m (EC02), 0.50 m (EC05), 1.00 m (EC1), 2.00 m (EC2) soil profile depth, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were obtained in 204 points (100 x 100 m grid). After soil sampling and laboratory analyzes, the data were submitted to descriptive statistics and a Spearman correlation analysis was performed to select those attributes related to soybean yield. Then, the spatial variability of these attributes was assessed and spatial distribution maps were constructed using geostatistical tools. Next, PCA and fuzzy k-means algorithm were then performed to delineate MZs. Finally, the agreement between the MZs maps obtained from the PCA and soybean yield was assessed using the Kappa index. Results showed that the optimal number of MZs was two, which resulted in a Kappa index of 0.61 (very good). Moreover, the analysis of variance indicated heterogeneity between all attributes analyzed in the MZs. Finally, the defined MZs provide a basis of information for site-specific nutrient management.

Trichoblastoma in a Dog: A Clinical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Analysis

Background: Trichoblastoma is a rare skin neoplasm derived from the primitive hair follicle, having epithelial and mesenchymal components. Despite being commonly described as a benign tumor, there are reports in the literature of tumors with characteristics of malignant neoplasia. It affects adult dogs and cats, with no predilection for sex. Although rare, in studies in Brazil the pathology shows variable rates of occurrence. This work describes a case of tricoblastoma in a 4-year-old mixed breed dog, submitted to care at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Western Bahia (HVU-UFOB).Case: A 4-year-old male mixed breed dog with 7 kg of body weight, was referred to the HVU-UFOB. The main complaint reported by the canine’s tutor was an increase in volume in the region of the animal's face, which evolved slowly, associated with itching, bleeding and sensitivity to touch. During the physical examination, a round, elevated mass was observed in the subcutaneous tissue of the left face, in the mandible region, with local alopecia. On palpation, the neoformation showed a firm consistency, well-defined and fluctuating, with no solutions for continuity or discomfort to touch. The animal's physiological parameters were within the normal for the species. CBC, chest X-rays, abdominal ultrasound and aspiration cytology of the mass were requested. The blood count and image tests did not reveal any changes. On cytological examination, small, grouped basal epithelial cells were observed, characterized by a high nucleus-cytoplasm ratio, monomorphic nuclei and intensely basophilic and pigmented cytoplasm, a suggestive diagnosis of basal cell tumor. Due to the findings, an excisional biopsy of the mass was performed, with margins of 2 cm. The mass with its margins was sent for histopathological examination at the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the HVU. Macroscopically, an expansive mass was observed, covered by skin, was well defined, not encapsulated, distending the dermis, with a dome shape, measuring 8.0 x 5.0 x 4.0 cm in length, white and firm to the cut, with discrete lobulation. Microscopically, there was a proliferation of small cuboidal to elongated cells with a round to oval nucleus of loose chromatin and little evident nucleolus, and of a pale, scarce eosinophilic cytoplasm. Neoplastic cells were sometimes arranged in strings, palisades (ribbon type) or islands and were sometimes seen centrally aggregated emitting strands of cells (medusoid type) separated by moderate fibrovascular stroma, compatible with trichoblastoma. Tissue healing occurred satisfactorily, and the stitches were removed 10 days after the surgical procedure.Discussion: The clinical analysis of the case associated with the cytological and histopathological examination of the lesion allowed the visualization of physical and cellular changes, confirming the diagnosis of trichoblastoma. The animal involved was 4-years-old, within the chronological variability most affected by the tumor. The macroscopic lesions and the location of the neoplasia were also similar to those described in the literature. However, their race (mixed breed) was different from the most evident. Treatment based on total surgical excision of the neoplasia proved to be effective. This work is the first reported in the Western of Bahia describing a case of trichoblastoma in a dog.

Two new species of Harpalyce (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) from the Cerrado hotspot of biodiversity in Brazil

Two new Brazilian species of Harpalyce (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Brongniartieae) are described and illustrated from the Cerrado hotspot of biodiversity. Harpalyce correntina occurs in western Bahia state, while Harpalyce tombadorensis is apparently endemic to the Serra do Tombador in northern Goias state. Harpalyce correntina is morphologically similar to H. hilariana but it differs mainly by the ferruginous-tomentose indumentum on the branches and leaf rachis, persistent stipules, narrower leaflets, and an inflorescence that is usually shorter than the subtending leaf. Harpalyce tombadorensis is related to H. robusta but it differs by its shorter stipules, leaflets with brochidodromous venation, glabrous upper surface and attenuate-apiculate apex, smaller linear-triangular bracteoles and larger legumes with valves slightly reticulate-veined externally. The taxonomy, geographic distribution, conservation status, and phenology of the newly described species are also provided.

Concentration effect and operational parameters on electrodialysis reversal efficiency applied for fluoride removal in groundwater

The increase in dental fluorosis in young people shows that the methods used to tackle the disease are ineffective. Typically, people around the world use groundwater for most activities, and this is the case of people especially in western Bahia, Brazil. In this region, aquifers can contain anomalous concentrations of fluoride. Thus, it is necessary to apply technologies to solve this problem by converting water resources rich in fluorides into drinking water. Consequently, in the present study, electrodialysis reversal (EDR) technology was used for defluoridation of natural water and synthetic solutions, simulating the fluoride concentration of natural water. Laboratory scale tests performed to treat synthetic samples with different fluoride concentrations, 1.5, 6.5, 9.1 and 13.0 mg F−/L, resulted in average fluoride removal of 90%. Additionally, one sample of natural water collected in the region of Cachoeira, city of Santana, Bahia, with an initial fluoride concentration of 7.49 mg F−/L was treated using EDR. Results showed that EDR removed around 80% of the fluoride. The EDR technology reduced fluoride water contamination and adjusted the water to drinkable standards at a feasible cost, showing the viability of EDR for treating water.

EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO E COEFICIENTE DE CULTURA DO CAFEEIRO IRRIGADO A PARTIR DE IMAGENS DE SENSORES ORBITAIS

EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO E COEFICIENTE DE CULTURA DO CAFEEIRO IRRIGADO A PARTIR DE IMAGENS DE SENSORES ORBITAIS&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; THALLES LOIOLA DIAS1; ALEX PORTO RODRIGUES2; MILLER RAIK ARCANJO BATISTA3; Marcelo Rossi Vicente4 e Ronaldo Medeiros dos Santos5&#x0D; &#x0D; 1 Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Campus Salinas, Fazenda Varginha Km 02 Rod. Salinas/Taiobeiras - Salinas/MG -CEP:39560-000, Salinas, MG, Brasil. E-mail: thallesloiola1@gmail.com.&#x0D; 2 Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Campus Salinas, Fazenda Varginha Km 02 Rod. Salinas/Taiobeiras - Salinas/MG -CEP:39560-000, Salinas, MG, Brasil. E-mail: alex-porto@hotmail.com.&#x0D; 3 Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Campus Salinas, Fazenda Varginha Km 02 Rod. Salinas/Taiobeiras - Salinas/MG -CEP:39560-000, Salinas, MG, Brasil. E-mail: raik.miller@gmail.com.&#x0D; 4 Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Campus Salinas, Fazenda Varginha Km 02 Rod. Salinas/Taiobeiras - Salinas/MG -CEP:39560-000, Salinas, MG, Brasil. E-mail: marcelo.vicente@ifnmg.edu.br.&#x0D; 5 Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Campus Salinas, Fazenda Varginha Km 02 Rod. Salinas/Taiobeiras - Salinas/MG - CEP:39560-000, Salinas, MG, Brasil. E-mail:ronaldo.medeiros@ifnmg.edu.br. &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; 1 RESUMO&#x0D; &#x0D; O uso de sensoriamento remoto na agricultura é uma realidade. Dentre os diversos usos, destaca-se a determinação da evapotranspiração dos cultivos para o auxílio do processo de gerenciamento da irrigação. O presente trabalho objetivou determinar a evapotranspiração e o coeficiente da cultura do cafeeiro através do algoritmo SEBAL (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land) na região Oeste da Bahia. Para a realização do estudo foram utilizadas imagens do satélite LANDSAT 7. A evapotranspiração de referência foi estimada pelo método Penman-Monteith FAO e, posteriormente, calculou-se o coeficiente da cultura (Kc) com base na evapotranspiração obtida via SEBAL. Os índices estatísticos para avaliar a eficácia do modelo SEBAL foram: o desvio da raiz quadrada média (RMSE); o erro médio absoluto (MAE); o coeficiente de determinação (R2); e o erro relativo (RE). O modelo SEBAL mostrou-se eficiente na determinação da evapotranspiração da cultura do cafeeiro e no coeficiente de cultura.&#x0D; &#x0D; Palavras-chave: índice de vegetação; sebal; manejo de irrigação.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; DIAS, T.L.; RODRIGUES, A.P.; BATISTA, M.R.A.; VICENTE, M.R.; SANTOS, R. M.&#x0D; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND CROP COEFFICIENT OF COFFEE PLANTS FROM ORBITAL SENSORS IMAGES&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; 2 ABSTRACT&#x0D; &#x0D; The use of remote sensing in agriculture is a reality. Among the various uses, the determination of crop evapotranspiration to aid the irrigation management process is detached. The present work aimed to determine the evapotranspiration and the crop coefficient of coffee through the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) in western Bahia. LANDSAT 7 satellite images were used to perform the study. The reference evapotranspiration was estimated by the FAO Penman-Monteith method and subsequently the crop coefficient (Kc) was calculated based on the evapotranspiration obtained by SEBAL. The statistical indexes for evaluating the effectiveness of the SEBAL model were the root mean square error (RMSE), the mean absolute error (MAE), the coefficient of determination (R²) and the relative error (RE). The SEBAL model proved to be efficient in determining coffee crop evapotranspiration and crop coefficient.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: vegetation index; sebal; water management.

Biologia floral, fenologia reprodutiva e polinização de Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. (Annonaceae) em uma área de Cerrado no oeste da Bahia

A família Annonaceae é comum no Cerrado do Oeste da Bahia, mas os estudos sobre a sua biologia floral, reprodutiva e fenológica na região, bem como dados sobre seus polinizadores, são raros. Uma das espécies comuns na área é a Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. cujos aspectos reprodutivos, motivo do presente trabalho, são pouco conhecidos. O presente artigo realiza também o estudo da biologia floral e reprodutiva, a fenologia e os polinizadores dessa espécie. O estudo foi desenvolvido em uma área de Cerrado no município de Barreiras-BA de outubro de 2015 a setembro de 2017 durante o qual foram feitas as análises da fenologia reprodutiva e dos cruzamentos do sistema reprodutivo, assim como observações da biologia floral e de visitantes florais. As flores de X. aromatica são dicogâmicas do tipo protogínicas. A floração é sincrônica e contínua, possibilitando o fluxo gênico entre os indivíduos da espécie. Dentre os visitantes florais, destacou-se um Curculionidae, único encontrado dentro da câmara floral. A protoginia de X. aromatica impede a autopolinização, evidenciando a dependência de polinizadores para seu sucesso reprodutivo. A maior formação de frutos por polinização cruzada, aliada à baixa taxa por geitonogamia, sugere um sistema reprodutivo autoincompatível para essa espécie.

Insect galls on Bauhinia cupulata (Fabaceae): morphotypes characterization and description of a new species of Schizomyia (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera)

Galls on Bauhinia cupulata (Fabaceae) were investigated in two physiognomies of the Cerrado, riparian and dry forest, in the municipality of Barreiras (Western Bahia, Brazil) from October 2012 to July 2014. Four insect gall morphotypes were found. They were characterized based on shape, color, indumentum, plant organ of occurrence and galling taxon. A new galling species, Schizomyia barreirensis, is described, illustrated (larva, pupa, male, female and gall) and compared to other Neotropical congeneric species.