Western Apache Research Articles

Western Apache heritage: people of the mountain corridor

Western Apache heritage: people of the mountain corridor

Western Apache Language and Culture: Essays in Linguistic Anthropology.

Western Apache Language and Culture: Essays in Linguistic Anthropology.

Contrastive pragmatics Edited by Wieslaw Oleksy. (review)

BOOK NOTICES 415 The second section comprises the largest part of the book, with one chapter devoted to each of the applications addressed: natural-language interfaces, machine translation, text processing/ understanding, text generation, speech processing , and writing aids. For each application there is a brief sketch of the task involved, the approaches used to develop systems, and the types of products currently available. In addition , a brief history of the application and a discussion of trends for the future provide a general picture of the particular area. A list of suggested background reading and useful industry contact addresses completes each chapter . The final section of the book examines the prospects for NLP technology in the future. Here the author's extensive experience with NL technology, which includes academic study (in linguistics), research, and commercial product development, provides the basis for his analysis of the field. The current barriers—linguistic, technological, and human—to development of NLP software are explained through a historical overview of development in this dynamic field, and some ways in which these problems can be addressed by businessmen and academics are suggested. O's discussion in these chapters clearly shows both his optimism for the field's ultimate success and his realism, derived from long experience in both NLP research and the NLP industry. For those who are intrigued by the prospects for applying linguistic theory to computer software development or simply curious about NLP. this book would be a good starting point. [Laura Proctor. CiVv Polytechnic of Hong Kong.} Contrastive pragmatics. Ed. by Wieslaw Oleksy. (Pragmatics and beyond, new series, 3.) Amsterdam & Philadelphia: Benjamins, 1989. Pp. xiii, 282. 'Pragmatics is not a wastebasket ...', said Michael Silverstein in 1977 (in Linguistics and anthropology , ed. by M. Saville-Troike), but this volume indicates that, as a category, it is still a miscellany. The book is composed of eleven papers divided into two parts: 'Pragmatics in cross-language studies' and 'Pragmatics in interlanguage and second language acquisition studies'. Some of the contributions seem dated, due mainly to the fact that the papers were submitted in 1984, only to encounter delay in publication . In a nicely-argued paper, Robert Herbert provides data on 'The ethnography of English compliments and compliment responses: A contrastive sketch' (3-36), collected from American and South African college students. The strength of this paper is Herbert's functional perspective and the attempt (following Wolfson) to relate speech behavior to contrasting cultural values. Roman Kalisz (37-54) reargues Searle's taxonomy of illocutionary acts, attempting to construct a Roschian 'prototype' analysis by contrasting English and Polish assertives . Tomasz Krzeszowski's programmatic essay 'Towards a typology of contrastive studies ' (55-72) examines terminological issues and tries to systematize equivalents. Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, in 'Praising and complimenting' (73-100), contrasts British and American English examples with Polish examples and effectively distinguishes the social function, illocutionary structure , linguistic structure, and discourse consequences of praising and complimenting. Marie-Louise Liebe-Harkort ('Interactive ethnolinguistics', 101-12) examines Gncean 'maxims' and Brown & Levinson's 'politeness' in crosscultural miscommunication, specifically in American English speakers' interaction with Western Apache speakers; she argues for differential cultural understanding of 'maxims'. Susan Shephard considers 'The impact of the child's world on pairing form and function in Antiguan Creole and English' (113-27). Children in the two cultures are said to share a world view concerning authority, revealed in the expression of modality; Shephard shows that the relationship of creóle to 'standard' language must not only focus on formal issues, but must also respond to pragmatic dimensions, in this case the parallel 'worlds' of children as language learners. Part 2 opens with Hans Dechart & Paul Lennon's 'Collocational blends of advanced language learners: A preliminary analysis' (13168 ). University students, the authors claim, create both 'intraclausal' and 'supraclausal' blends (e.g. in Stocks tumble to a new time low) in written expression. Blends signal either inadequate cognitive coherence or deficiencies in discourse aspects oflanguage instruction. Werner Hüllen & Wolfgang Lorscher, in 'On describing and analyzing foreign language class- 416 LANGUAGE, VOLUME 67, NUMBER 2 (1991) room discourse' (169-88), consider West German pupils of English and their classroom discourse, following the transcript-analytic model of John Sinclair & Malcolm...

Western Apache language and culture: essays in linguistic anthropology

Western Apache language and culture: essays in linguistic anthropology

Western Apache Material Culture: The Goodwin and Guenther Collections

Western Apache Material Culture: The Goodwin and Guenther Collections

The World of the Crow Indians: As Driftwood Lodges

Journal Article The World of the Crow Indians: As Driftwood Lodges and The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950 Get access The World of the Crow Indians: As Driftwood Lodges. By Frey Rodney. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1987. xxiii + 193 pp. Illustrations, maps, notes, bibliography, glossary, index. $19.95.)The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950. By Buskirk Winfred. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1986. xiv + 273 pp. Illustrations, maps, notes, bibliography, index. $22.50.) David Rich Lewis David Rich Lewis Utah State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Western Historical Quarterly, Volume 20, Issue 1, February 1989, Pages 60–61, https://doi.org/10.2307/968481 Published: 01 February 1989

Western Apache Material Culture: The Goodwin and Guenther Collections

Western Apache Material Culture: The Goodwin and Guenther Collections

“Speaking with Names”: Language and Landscape among the Western Apache

An unfamiliar landscape, like an unfamiliar language, is always a little daunting, and when the two are encountered together-as they are, commonly enough, in those out-of-the-way communities where ethnographers have a tendency to crop up-the combination may be downright unsettling. From the outset, of course, neither landscape nor language can be ignored. On the contrary, the shapes and colors and contours of the land, together with the shifting sounds and cadences of native discourse, thrust themselves upon the newcomer with a force so vivid and direct as to be virtually inescapable. Yet for all of their sensory immediacy (and are occasions, as any ethnographer will attest, when the sheer constancy of it grows to formidable proportions) landscape and discourse seem resolutely of reach. Although close at hand and tangible in the extreme, each in its own way appears remote and inaccessible, anonymous and indistinct, and somehow, implausibly, a shade less than fully believable. And neither one, as if determined to accentuate these conflicting impressions, may seem the least bit interested in having them resolved. Emphatically but conspicuously lacking in accustomed forms of order and arrangement, landscape and discourse confound the stranger's efforts to invest them with significance, and this uncommon predicament, which produces nothing if not uncertainty, can be keenly disconcerting. Surrounded by foreign geographical objects and intractable acts of speech, even the most practiced ethnographers become diffident and cautious. For the meanings of objects and acts alike can only be guessed at, and once the guesses have been recognized for the arbitrary constructions they almost always are, one senses acutely that one's own experience of things and events out there cannot be used as a reliable guide to the experience of native people (Conklin 1962; Frake

The Western Apache: Living with the Land before 1950. Winfred Buskirk

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook Reviews and NotesThe Western Apache: Living with the Land before 1950. Winfred Buskirk Keith H. BassoKeith H. Basso Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Journal of Anthropological Research Volume 44, Number 1Spring, 1988 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/jar.44.1.3630128 Views: 3Total views on this site Copyright 1988 The University of New MexicoPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Paper Medicine Man: John Gregory Bourke and His American West (review)

184 biography Vol. 11,No. 2 Joseph C. Porter, Paper Medicine Man: John Gregory Bourke and His American West. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1986. 362 pp. $29.95. John Gregory Bourke is known to generations of readers as the author of the adventure -epic On the Border with Crook, recognition that would satisfy most persons of creative bent. But not Bourke, who composed this study of a colorful frontier commander after a productive career in several non-literary fields. However, the book's popularity has had the effect of deflecting attention from Bourke's many other achievements, described collectively as works of "a life of incident." Now his comprehensive life history as revealed in Paper Medicine Man, which acknowledges Bourke's role as a popular author, is placed in the balanced context of his many other accomplishments . Through the skilled characterization oÃ- Paper Medicine Man, he surfaces as a keenly sensitive, curious, versatile man who won distinction first as a professional soldier, then as an internationally recognized ethnologist/folklorist, a frontier critic, a popularizer of late nineteenth-century revolutionary scientific doctrine, a champion of the scorned Native American, and a persuasive advocate of federal Indian policy reform. A success in each venture, he preferred to be known as a soldier-scientist. Bourke, son of Irish immigrant parents who settled in Philadelphia, began his army career at the age of sixteen, enlisting in a Pennsylvania volunteer cavalry unit for Civil War service against the Confederacy, campaigning with distinction in major engagements across the South including Chickamauga, Chattanooga, and Atlanta. At the close of the war he was nominated for appointment to West Point Academy. Bourke matriculated there, graduated in 1869, and was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Third United States cavalry. The author has cogently recreated the physical attributes and persona of this man so that the reader has the sense of knowing him—strong physically, of remarkable stamina , restless, assertive, a leader of men, perceptive, clever as a story teller and eloquent as a public speaker; it was reported that "with his charm 'he could talk the birds out of the trees'." Several officers rated him the "best story teller in the army," and these same men praised Bourke as the "bravest of the brave" in combat. Quite early in his years of active duty Bourke formed the habit of keeping detailed diaries and recording observations of frontier life. Apaches noted that he seemed always "writing, writing, writing," and named him "Paper Medicine Man." The Bourke biography plots Paper Medicine Man's military service from a beginning in New Mexico Territory during 1871 to its conclusion in Southwest Texas late in the century and details his participation in those major post-bellum incidents occurring in Western America. This fortuitous exposure to repeated grand happenings is explained largely by his assignment to the staff of General George Crook, whom the Secretary of War consistently called upon for the major frontier campaigns. Crook promptly realized the value of this young lieutenant to his command and for years held Bourke in continuous service as his aide. From an early assignment in New Mexico and Arizona territories searching for Western Apache raiders, the author reports that Bourke moved to the northern Plains to perform escort duty for the geological expedition surveying the Black Hills in 1875, a prelude to the gold rush in this hallowed Indian domain the following year. During 1876 Bourke rode with Crook's cavalry and infantry forces against the Sioux, Cheyennes , and Arapahoes in the Powder River campaign. Following combat duty in the northern Rockies and Plains, Bourke is reported to REVIEWS 185 have spent much time in the Lakota, Cheyenne, and Arapaho lodges where he interviewed Crazy Horse, Little Big Man, and other Native American leaders. He collected tribal stories including one from Cheyenne and Arapaho spokesmen claiming they were the first of the northern tribes to obtain horses, receiving them from Comanches who stole the animals from New Mexico ranchers. At about this time Bourke began submitting his notes and artifact collections to the National Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. This included nearly 2,000 Plains tribes pictographs. Bourke's varied assignments as Crook's aide...

The Western Apache: Living with the Land Before 1950 by Winfred Buskirk

Reviews 187 He interviews medicine men, holy men, and leaders, who explain and enact contemporary rituals which allow one to walk both roads at once. It is not a pretty picture, overall, because few survive, let alone manage the feat of biculturalism. Yet both Lincoln and Slagle (Anglo and Indian) find a measure of success in their joint but separate quests to verify that the native vision of reality must be experienced and institutionalized in all of our lives if we are to warp the black road of technological irresponsibility back to the ecological orientation of aboriginal American ways. Both authors keep an honest, sensitive, and informed sensibility open to the nuances of prairie life. We see the hatred and terror that afflicts Pine Ridge and its neighboring Indian and white communities. But we are also privy to the healing ceremonies that still bind tribal people together, no matter how desperate their situation. This volume, with its idiosyncratic and personalized scholarship, speaks to a wide readership, from serious students of contemporary Indian culture to general readers who sense the connection between native ecological religion and human survival in these American lands. That connection is the good red road of Black Elk’svision. JACK L. DAVIS University of Idaho The Western Apache: Living with the Land Before 1950. By Winfred Buskirk. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1986. 273 pages, $22.50.) The Western Apache are well known in the popular and scholarly litera­ ture on the Southwest for their role in making the settling of the region by Anglos an unsettling experience. In this volume, based on anthropological fieldwork in the 1940s, another view is given—that of the relationship of the Western Apache to the land they fought so hard to protect. Often cited in its unpublished form by regional scholars, this slightly revised dissertation, com­ pleted in 1949, should now get the full attention it deserves. The volume treats the ways Western Apache people made a living from their lands from the time of early Spanish/Anglo contacts in 1800 through reservation adjustments to 1950. The work is divided into six chapters, three focused on the details of subsistence, a fourth on the topic of foods, and the two remaining on comparative aspects of Apache lifeways. Chapter 1provides a cultural summary of the Western Apache, particularly the San Carlos Chiricahua - Mescalero group and subgroups. Chapter 2, on agriculture, is rich in original detail on all aspects of plant husbandry, but particularly those related to corn, beans and squash. The role that these crops and their care have played in the daily lives of the people since roughly 1800 is also considered. Chapter 3, on hunting, is equally rich, and treats, in addition to the technology for taking various classes of animals, the methods of training boys to hunt and the spiritual beliefs that guide the system. Chapter 4 provides data on wild 188 Western American Literature plant collecting and processing, while again considering such topics as the organization of gathering parties, the implements used, principles of owner­ ship, etc. Chapter 5 focuses on foods, including their preparation, dietary content, and menus, as well as food preferences, and foods associated with ritual. Chapter 6, the summary, draws conclusions from the above as to the cul­ tural position of the Western Apache vis a vis their neighbors in the Southwest. Although the volume is principally data oriented, it is well written and should be informative to people with a genuine interest in the cultures, environ­ ment, and environmental concerns of the Western Apache and the peoples of the Southwest. The University of Oklahoma Press should be congratulated for selecting an older but excellent manuscript for publication. CATHERINE S. FOWLER University of Nevada, Reno At Home in Texas: Early Views of the Land. By Robin W. Doughty. (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1987. 163 pages, $17.95.) What this geographer-writer strives for in his survey of accounts written by Texas “settlers, chroniclers, and promoters” is both to define sense of place and analyze development of the tie between settler and his new land. Stephen F. Austin, best-known of the early colonizers, foresaw that estab­ lishing a home on the Texas...

The Western Apache: Living with the Land before 1950

The Western Apache: Living with the Land before 1950

At Home in Texas: Early Views of the Land by Robin W. Doughty

188 Western American Literature plant collecting and processing, while again considering such topics as the organization of gathering parties, the implements used, principles of owner­ ship, etc. Chapter 5 focuses on foods, including their preparation, dietary content, and menus, as well as food preferences, and foods associated with ritual. Chapter 6, the summary, draws conclusions from the above as to the cul­ tural position of the Western Apache vis a vis their neighbors in the Southwest. Although the volume is principally data oriented, it is well written and should be informative to people with a genuine interest in the cultures, environ­ ment, and environmental concerns of the Western Apache and the peoples of the Southwest. The University of Oklahoma Press should be congratulated for selecting an older but excellent manuscript for publication. CATHERINE S. FOWLER University of Nevada, Reno At Home in Texas: Early Views of the Land. By Robin W. Doughty. (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1987. 163 pages, $17.95.) What this geographer-writer strives for in his survey of accounts written by Texas “settlers, chroniclers, and promoters” is both to define sense of place and analyze development of the tie between settler and his new land. Stephen F. Austin, best-known of the early colonizers, foresaw that estab­ lishing a home on the Texas frontier would occur in three stages: clearing, plowing and sowing, and harvesting. The author explores the philosophical implications of these three stages in their effect on the “community-consciousness ” of the settlers. He points out that as the Texas frontier moved westward, settlers began to value wilderness as hunting grounds. Some began to want to preserve the beauty of the woodlands. Others praised the sharp contrasts in Texas terrain and environment as important to their individual feelings of kinship to the land where they chose to build their homes. Research has been thorough for this work, sothat one of the mostvaluable sections of the book for compulsive readers and researchers in Texana is the bibliography. The final chapter, however, “Texas as Home and Place,” may disappoint. In a hurried survey of classic narratives of life in Texas, the author assesses the quality of early Texas women’s lives, the adjustments required of early foreign settlers, the connections between a Texan’s identity and his home place, and the images of Texas depicted in literary works by Texans. To gen­ eralize with confidence on these topics would require considerably more knowl­ edge of Texas’s literary tradition than source citations indicate. Despite the insufficient development of this chapter, however, Professor Doughty realizes his intention “to reconstruct and understand the development of attachment to place by a particular group of people in a specific time and space.” LOU RODENBERGER McMurry College ...

Reviews

References Heller, Louis G., Alexander Humez, and Malcah Dror. The Private Lives of English Words. A Laurence Urdang Reference Book. Detroit, MI 48226: Gale Research Co., Book Tower, 1984. Pp. xxxiv + 334. $44.00. Urdang, Laurence, ed. dir., and Ceila Dame Robbins, ed. SLOGANS: A collection of More Than 6,000 Slogans, Rallying Cries, and Other Exhortations Used in Advertising, Political Campaigns, Popular Causes and Movements, and Divers Efforts to Urge People to Take Action. A Laurence Urdang Reference Book. Detroit, MI 48226: Gale Research Co., Book Tower, 1984. Pp. 446. $65.00. Basso, Keith 1984 “Stalking with Stories: Names, Places and Moral Narratives among the Western Apache. In Text, Play and Story.” Proceedings of the American Technological Society, Stuart Platner (ed). Washington: American Anthropological Association. de Laguna, Frederica 1972 Under Mount St. Elias: The History and Culture of the Yakutat Tlingit. Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology, No. 7. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. Kari, James 1985 “Native Place Names in Alaska: Trends in Policy and Research.” Paper delivered at the Symposium on Indigenous Names in the North. McGill University, March 22, 1985.

Portraits of "The Whiteman": Linguistic Play and Cultural Symbols among the Western Apache

Portraits of "The Whiteman": Linguistic Play and Cultural Symbols among the Western Apache

Tense switching in narrative English discourse of Navajo and Western Apache speakers

This paper summarizes some characteristics of Navajo and Western Apache speakers' tense switching in English and some observations on native English speakers' tense switching. It is suggested to teachers who have Southwestern Indian students in their classes to avoid restricting students to one particular tense in an artificial manner and to approach interlingual tense switching within a contrastive framework.

Portraits of 'the Whiteman': Linguistic Play and Cultural Symbols among the Western Apache

'The Whiteman' is one of the most powerful and pervasive symbols in contemporary American Indian cultures. Portraits of 'the Whiteman': linguistic play and cultural symbols among the Western Apache investigates a complex form of joking in which Apaches stage carefully crafted imitations of Anglo-Americans and, by means of these characterizations, give audible voice and visible substance to their conceptions of this most pressing of social 'problems'. Keith Basso's essay, based on linguistic and ethnographic materials collected in Cibecue, a Western Apache community, provides interpretations of selected joking encounters to demonstrate how Apaches go about making sense of the behaviour of Anglo-Americans. This study draws on theory in symbolic anthropology, sociolinguistics, and the dramaturgical model of human communication developed by Erving Goffman. Although the assumptions and premises that shape these areas of inquiry are held by some to be quite disparate, this analysis shows them to be fully compatible and mutually complementary.

: Portraits of the "Whiteman": Linguistic Play and Cultural Symbols among the Western Apache . Keith H. Basso.

: Portraits of the "Whiteman": Linguistic Play and Cultural Symbols among the Western Apache . Keith H. Basso.

Building Theory from the Bottom up?

We find ourselves more than mildly mystified by Hunter-Anderson's response to our article. While a number of her comments represent useful elaborations of the directions we proposed, some of her most argumentative points are based on a misreading of the article or develop positions we cannot separate from our own. Further, some of her own seem quite inconsistent with the position she espouses. Our intent here is simply to illustrate our reaction. Only a very hasty reading of our article would fail to note that we specified our goal quite clearly: to suggest an approach to generalization with greater sensitivity to the existing data (Cordell and Plog 1979:405). We would have required far more than article space to have elaborated the necessary theory. Although middle range is important to archaeological endeavors, theories of cultural processes are equally germaine to of change in the archaeological record. We cited some of the theoretical literature that we believe will be most useful in this respect (1979:405, 424). We specifically did not use the standard levels of sociocultural integration that Hunter-Anderson finds fault with because, we suggested, these categories mask variability that must be understood in functional terms (1979:412). We do indeed distinguish between problems of a local nature and regional population densities (1979:423). Our definition of resiliency was deliberately precise (1979:410) and requires evaluation that goes beyond the notion of capable of intensification. Our comments about alliances address the variability in the form that these may be expected to take; these are not in any way limited to periods of stress (Plog 1974; Cordell and Plog 1979:412, 417). While we discuss our reasons for believing that contemporary Pueblos are not always appropriate analogs for prehistoric southwestern we note a lack of warranting arguments in Hunter-Anderson's suggestion regarding the application of the Western Apache as appropriate analogs. A further example of such inconsistent standards appears in Hunter-Anderson's criticism of our use of normative terms and her choice of corporate groups, a highly normative term justifiably criticized in a large body of the current ethnographic literature. One major area of disagreement concerns the validity of traditional descriptive frameworks. Hunter-Anderson distinguishes between what she considers their inadequate interpretations in contrast with the valid directional that underlie the frameworks. It was not our intent to simply question the inherent in the traditional frameworks. In respect to architecture, ceramics, and subsistence we specifically questioned the existence of these alleged empirically justified trends and suggested that careful scrutiny would reveal similar problems in many other categories of material culture. Hunter-Anderson's comment suggests a rather inconsistent approach to building theory from the bottom up, as our criticism was of the factual basis itself and her response a simple assertion. We might go further at this point and suggest that, in at least some instances, these supposed trends were reflections of factors as basic as the field techniques employed (see also Plog et al. 1978). We completely agree with Hunter-Anderson's statement that elements of normative thinking remain in our article. While we have urged greater attention to the patterning that results from the articulation of diversity, it would be erroneous to ignore the strong material patterns that occur in disparate times and places. It has proved equally erroneous, however, to erect developmental histories on these relatively isolated phenomena ignoring their diversified spatial and temporal contents.

Use with care!

Use with care! A review of Keith Basso portraits of “The Whiteman: “ Linguistic play and cultural symbols among the western apache Cambridge university press. 1979.