West Shewa Zone Research Articles

Unpacking the challenges of fragmentation in community-based maternal newborn and child health and health system in rural Ethiopia: A qualitative study.

In Ethiopia, country-wide community-based primary health programs have been in effect for about two decades. Despite the program's significant contribution to advancing Maternal Newborn and Child Health (MNCH), Ethiopia's maternal and child mortality is still one of the highest in the world. The aim of this manuscript is to critically examine the multifaceted fragmentation challenges of Ethiopia's Community Health Workers (CHWs) program to deliver optimum MNCH and build a resilient community health system. We conducted a qualitative case study in West Shewa Zone, rural Ethiopia. A purposive sampling technique was used to recruit participants. Data sources were two focus group discussions with sixteen CHWs, twelve key informant interviews with multilevel public health policy actors, and a policy document review related to the CHW program to triangulate the findings. Thematic analysis of the qualitative data was conducted. The World Health Organization's health systems framework and socio-ecological model guided the data collection, analysis, and interpretation. The CHWs program has been an extended arm of Ethiopia's primary health system and has contributed to improved health outcomes. However, the program has been facing unique systemic challenges that stem from the fragmentation of health finance; medical and equipment supply; working and living infrastructures; CHWs empowerment and motivation, monitoring, supervision, and information; coordination and governance; and community and stakeholder engagement. The ongoing COVID-19 and volatile political and security issues are exacerbating these fragmentation challenges. This study emphasized the gap between the macro (national) level policy and the challenge during implementation at the micro (district)level. Fragmentation is a blind spot for the community-based health system in rural Ethiopia. We argue that the fragmentation challenges of the community health program are exacerbating the fragility of the health system and fragmentation of MNCH health outcomes. This is a threat to sustain the MNCH outcome gains, the realization of national health goals, and the resilience of the primary health system in rural Ethiopia. We recommend that beyond the current business-as-usual approach, it is important to emphasize an evidence-based and systemic fragmentation monitoring and responsive approach and to better understand the complexity of the community-based health system fragmentation challenges to sustain and achieve better health outcomes. The challenges can be addressed through the adoption of transformative and innovative approaches including capitalizing on multi-stakeholder engagement and health in all policies in the framework of co-production.

Integrated Hand Weeding and Herbicide Application for Corn Marigold (Glebionis segetum) in Tef Fields across Western and Southwestern Shewa Zones in Ethiopia

Background: Corn marigold (Glebionis segetum (L.) Frourr.) is a serious weed species of agricultural crops in many parts of Ethiopia. However, there is a lack of information on its management in tef fields in the country. Therefore, the current work was designed with the objectives of evaluating integrated management of the weed and determining the most economical integrated weed management options in tef fields. Methods: The field experiments were conducted in naturally corn marigold infested fields of Cheliya and Woliso districts of West and Southwest Shewa Zones in Ethiopia, respectively, during 2020 to 2021 cropping seasons. Results: Different corn marigold management practices exhibited different responses to different parameters of the target weed and the test crop differently. Application of Pyroxsulam 45g L-1 at a rate of 0.40 l ha -1 supplemented with once-hand weeding and Halauxifen-methyl 100g kg-1 + Florasulam 100g kg-1 sprayed at a rate of 50 g ha -1 supplemented with once-hand weeding increased grain yield by about 70 and 50%, respectively, over the weedy check. The marginal revenue and benefit-cost ratio obtained from the marketing of goods for the application of Pyroxsulam 45g L-1 with one supplementary hand weeding of corn marigold increased by110 89%, respectively, as compared to the weedy check. Conclusions: The present study revealed the role of integrated management of corn marigold in improving tef production and productivity by combating the weed. Future research should be directed towards scaling up and popularizing these technologies among the growers.

Intravenous fluid administration practice among nurses and midwives working in public hospitals of central Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

Intravenous fluid administration is the most common invasive procedure widely practiced in hospital settings. Globally, approximately 25 million people receive intravenous fluid therapy. Different factors affect nurse's intravenous fluid administration practices; that it may influences on the patient's outcome, increase morbidity and mortality. Previous study indicates that healthcare providers especially in developing countries have skills gap related to intravenous fluid administration. The purpose of this study was aimed to assess the intravenous fluid administration practices and its associated factors among nurses and midwives working in public hospitals of West Shewa zone, Central Ethiopia. Materials and methodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed among 396 nurses and midwives in public hospitals in West Shewa zone, Central Ethiopia, from March 1 to 31, 2019. A Simple random sampling was used to select study participants using structured self-administered questionnaire, and observational checklist. The logistic regression model was used to identify association, and odds ratio was used to test the strength of the associations with outcome variable and predictor variables. ResultsIn this study, 59.3% (95%CI = 54.7%–64.5%) participants was had inadequate intravenous fluid administration practice. Inadequate knowledge (AOR 2.1; CI 95% = 1.36–3.36), being untrained (AOR 1.7; 95% CI = 1.04–2.86), unavailability of supervision (AOR 1.8; CI 95% = 1.14–2.99), and absence of incentives and promotion for nurses and midwives (AOR 2.1; CI 95% = 1.19–3.62) were significantly associated with outcome variable. ConclusionNearly seven in ten participants in the study setting were inadequate intravenous fluid practice. Inadequate knowledge, training, and absence of supervision by senior staffs, and absence of incentives and promotion for nurses and midwives were the main factors affecting intravenous fluid administration practice. Refresher courses, supervision, incentives and promotions were needed to nurses and midwives for an improvement of the intravenous fluid administration practice.

Ethnobotanical study of underutilized wild edible plants and threats to their long-term existence in Midakegn District, West Shewa Zone, Central Ethiopia

BackgroundEthiopia is endowed with much plant diversity. The insignificant number of studies on wild edible plants with their ethnobotanical perspectives indicated that this plant diversity comprised only hundreds of wild edible plants used to supplement food sources for the local community under different conditions. There still need to be further investigations throughout the country when compared to the total area and cultural diversity of the country. However, they are seriously under pressure due to different natural and human influences. Therefore, the study was conducted to document underutilized wild edible plants along with their associated indigenous knowledge and explore threats to them in Midakegn District.MethodsA questionnaire survey, semi-structured interviews, a market survey, score ranking, and focused group discussions were employed for data collection. Statistical analysis of ethnobotanical knowledge mean variation between different informant groups was computed by using one-way ANOVA in the IBM SPSS Statics version 24 package.ResultsA total of fifty underutilized wild edible plants belonging to 39 genera and 30 families were collected, recorded, and documented. The families Moraceae (four), Fabaceae, Flacourtaceae, Myrtaceae, Rosaceae, and Tiliaceae (each three) represented the highest number of species. It comprised shrubs (44%), trees (36%), herbs (18%), and epiphytes (2%). Fruits (62.3%) were found to be the most frequently used and mostly taken raw, fresh, or dried. These edible resources were consumed to supplement staple foods (67.3%), whereas 25% were used as emergency foods. The majority of species (96%) had multiple uses in addition to their edibility. A significantly higher (P < 0.05) number of underutilized wild edible plants were cited by males than females, by key informants than generals, elders than youngsters, illiterate than literate, and poorer than other wealth class groups of the community. Priority rankings indicate that agricultural expansion, fuel wood harvest, overgrazing, and selective harvesting are the most threatening factors to underutilized wild edible plants.ConclusionsFifty underutilized wild edible plants, along with their associated indigenous knowledge, were recorded. Local people utilize them for supplementing staple food, as emergency food, to get relief, trust, and chew during drought. But they are mainly threatened by different human activities in the study area.

Determinants of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV in Public Hospitals of West Shewa Zone, Oromiya Region: Mixed Method Study.

Background Mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT) occurs when a mother infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) passes the virus to her child. Without intervention, the transmission rate of HIV ranges from 15% to 45%. With effective interventions, this rate can be reduced to below 5%. Ethiopia aimed to reduce transmission to lower than 5% by 2020, but their final MTCT rate was 15% in 2016. The aim of this study was to identify the determinants of HIV transmission from mother to child in the West Shoa Zone of the Oromiya region. Methods: This study employs mixed methods, including an unmatched case-control study among children who tested HIV positive and negative at the end of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) follow-up and one -on - one interview. Additionally, one-on-one interviews with mothers of positive infants were conducted. Variables of interest were collected using structured and semi-structured questionnaires and data abstraction forms from mothers of exposed infants, medical records of mothers, and children. Results: The majority of cases (70.8%) were not included in the Option B+ program. Home delivery increases the chance of HIV transmission by six times, AOR=6.0; CI (1.5–29.2). None-inclusion in the Option B+ program increases the chance of transmission by 18 times, AOR=18.0; CI (5.0–68.1). Partner non-involvement in HIV care increases the chance of transmission by 7.3 times, AOR=7.3; CI (1.1–37.4). The mother-to-mother support program decreases the chance of transmission by 86.5%, AOR=0.13; CI (0.11–0.39). Poor antenatal care (ANC) awareness and practices among rural residents, and unstable marriage in urban residents, contribute to unaware MTCT of HIV. Conclusion: ART clinics should focus on and strengthen the mother-to-mother support program, create space for partner involvement in HIV care, and provide training for Health Extension Workers (HEWs). Health education and awareness creation should be implemented by HEWs to improve ANC practices, reduce home delivery, and increase voluntary counseling and testing among residents.

Predicting nutritional status during pregnancy by women's empowerment in West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia.

Considerable proportions of pregnant women are affected by poor nutrition outcomes in Ethiopia. Women's empowerment, on the other hand, is highly recognized as a means to achieve better maternal nutrition outcomes. However, the role of pregnant women's empowerment in nutritional status during pregnancy has not been empirically examined in Ethiopia. This study aimed to address this gap. To assess the association of individual and composite women's empowerment dimensions with pregnant women's nutrition outcomes in West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia. A health facility-based cross-sectional study was performed on 1,453 pregnant women living in West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia, in 2021. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on half of the samples to identify and validate dimensions of pregnant women's empowerment. The associations between pregnant women's empowerment dimensions and anemia status and mid upper arm circumference levels were examined by logistic regressions. Composite pregnant women's empowerment was positively associated with both anemia status and mid-upper-arm circumference level. The odds of not being anemic were higher among pregnant women empowered in economic [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26, 2.22] and assertiveness (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.46, 2.38) dimensions than those not empowered in these dimensions. Empowered pregnant women in household decision-making (AOR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.22) and psychological (AOR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.85) dimensions had higher odds of having normal mid-upper-arm circumference measures than those not empowered in the respective dimensions. Communication and time dimensions were not significantly associated with any of the nutrition outcomes. This study suggests that empowered pregnant women are nutritionally better off than their less empowered counterparts. This is also important in child health outcomes. Policies and programs that aim to improve maternal and child health in the study area need to consider interventions that promote the decision-making power, economic, psychological, and assertiveness dimensions of pregnant women.

Integrated Management of Corn Marigold (Glebionis segetum) in Tef Field at Western and Southwestern Shewa Zones in Ethiopia

Background: Corn marigold (Glebionis segetum (L.) Frourr.) is a serious weed species of agricultural crops in many parts of Ethiopia. However, there is a lack of information on its management in tef fields in the country. Therefore, the current work was designed with the objectives of evaluating integrated management of the weed and determining the most economical integrated weed management options in tef fields. Methods: The field experiments were conducted in naturally corn marigold infested fields of Cheliya and Woliso districts of West and Southwest Shewa Zones in Ethiopia, respectively, during 2020 to 2021 cropping seasons. Results: Different corn marigold management practices exhibited different responses to different parameters of the target weed and the test crop differently. Application of Pyroxsulam 45g L-1 at a rate of 0.40 l ha -1 supplemented with once-hand weeding and Halauxifen-methyl 100g kg-1 + Florasulam 100g kg-1 sprayed at a rate of 50 g ha -1 supplemented with once-hand weeding increased grain yield by about 70 and 50%, respectively, over the weedy check. The marginal revenue and benefit-cost ratio obtained from the marketing of goods for the application of Pyroxsulam 45g L-1 with one supplementary hand weeding of corn marigold increased by110 89%, respectively, as compared to the weedy check. Conclusions: The present study revealed the role of integrated management of corn marigold in improving tef production and productivity by combating the weed. Future research should be directed towards scaling up and popularizing these technologies among the growers.

Perceived Stress and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women in Western Ethiopia: Community Based Cross-Sectional Study, 2021

Background: Ethiopian health care guidelines did not include antenatal perceived stress as a component of routine antenatal care, and this results in under-diagnosis of antenatal perceived stress during routine antenatal care follow-up. As a result, the purpose of this study to assess the prevalence of perceived stress and associated factors among pregnant women in the western Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 451 pregnant women in West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. From September 20, 2021, to October 19, 2021, Pregnant women were recruited using cluster sampling techniques. Data was collected by using a standardized questionnaire that had been pre-tested. The data were entered into Epi data version 4.6 and then exported to SPSS version 26. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify significantly associated factors. Result: The prevalence of perceived stress during pregnancy was 21.2% at 95% CI (20.1,23). Unplanned pregnancies (AOR: 5.43; CI 2.61-10.77), early ANC booking (AOR: 3.02 CI; 1.66-5.48) and obstetric complications during the current and previous pregnancies (AOR: 3.53CI; 1.9- 6.56) were significantly associated with perceived stress. Conclusion: The prevalence of perceived stress during pregnancy was higher, indicating a need to screen perceived stress and its predictors in routine antenatal care. Strengthening the counseling service and increasing access and availability of modern contraceptive methods may reduce the rates of unplanned pregnancies. This, in turn, plays a significant role in alleviating perceived stress in Ethiopia.

Highland Maize Technology Demonstration: Evidence from Three Maize Growing Districts of West and Southwest Ethiopia

Maize is Ethiopia's most important crop in terms of production, and it contributes significantly to the country's economic and social development. The study was conducted in Wonchi, Ejere, and Kersa Malima districts of South West Shewa and West Shewa zone of Oromia region, Ethiopia, to evaluate and identify adaptable improved maize varieties and familiarize farmers with highland maize production techniques. The districts were selected purposively based on their production potential and accessibility for maize production. In this study, a participatory extension approach is employed as part of the methodology to select a demonstration site and host farmers. A total of 54 host farmers were chosen, and the trial was conducted on selected farmers' fields, with three varieties planted side by side on equal-sized plots size (10m2 x 15m2) from each district. Highland maize namely Jibat and Hora varieties along with a standard check (BH-661) were demonstrated and evaluated for grain yield and other parameters across tested sites. In the course of the implementation phase, different levels of field days at different growth stages of the crop were organized for respective potential Kebeles, and during the event stakeholders including host farmers and surrounding farmers, researchers, development agents, agricultural experts, and administrators attended to share experience, evaluate performance, and communicate the activity's progress. The variety selection process was carried out from different dimensions including both pre-harvest and post-harvest assessments. Using these criteria, the farmers identified varieties that are appropriate for their specific locations. Accordingly, host farmers showed special interest in Jibat and Hora varieties respectively. Overall grain yield performances of Jibat and Hora varieties on farmers' fields were 5.1 and 3.8 t/ha-1, respectively. Furthermore, the yield advantage of the two preferred varieties over the standard ones ranged from 54.9% to 15.1% in the three tested districts as compared to the standard checks. Beside this research intervention made impact to improving food security, livelihood, and knowledge and skill of host farmers in the study area. Hence, Based on the study's findings, it is recommended that the Jibat maize variety should be scaled up in the farming community to improve the maize production and productivity of the area, thereby improving their livelihood.

Determinants of pneumonia among under-five children in Oromia region, Ethiopia: unmatched case-control study

BackgroundPneumonia is the single largest infectious disease that causes more under-five morbidity and mortality than any other infectious disease in the world, including Ethiopia. The aim of this study is to assess determinants of pneumonia among under-five children in the South West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2021.MethodsWe used an unmatched case-control study design from March 15 to April 30, 2021, in the South West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia. A sample of 398 (199 cases and 199 controls) participated in the study. Trained data collectors through a pre-tested structured questionnaire collected data. We used Epi Info to enter data and analyzed using SPSS version 23. We described our data using descriptive statistics. We identified predictors of pneumonia using logistic regression analysis. We declared predictors of pneumonia at a P-value of 0.05 or less.ResultsBreastfeeding for less than 6 months [AOR:3.51, 95%CI:(1.12,11.00)], lack of Vitamin A supplementation [AOR:3.56,95%CI:(1.58, 8.05)], history of URTI [AOR:9.66, 95%CI:(4.69,19.87)], family child care practices [AOR:6.46, 95%CI, (2.83,14.76)], sleeping with three to five persons in a room [AOR:2.90, 9%CI: (1.23,6.84)], having above five persons in a room [AOR: 3.88, 95%CI: 1.02,14.77), use of wood as a source of fuel [AOR = 3.02 95% CI: 1.41,6.46)] and not opening windows [AOR:2.56 95%CI: (1.21,5.41)] were independent factors of pneumonia among under five children.ConclusionPneumonia is associated with breastfeeding for less than 6 months, lack of vitamin A supplementation, history of URTI, types of childcare practice, indoor overcrowding, use of wood as a source of fuel, and not opening windows. Therefore, exclusive breastfeeding, improving vitamin A supplementation, early control of respiratory tract infection through promoting good hygiene and ventilation strategies in crowded homes, and promoting how to reduce indoor air pollution through affordable clean stoves will be relevant interventions to reduce under-five pneumonia.

Population Structure and Regeneration Status of Woody Plant Species in Tulu Korma Dry Afromontane Forest, West Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia.

A study was conducted on Tulu Korma afromontane forest to assess woody plant species' population structure and natural regeneration status. Data were collected from 52 main quadrats of 400 m2 for mature woody species and 260 subplots of 25 m2 for seedlings and saplings. All live woody plant species were recorded with their densities, heights, and DBH. Frequency, basal area, importance value, and Shannon-Wiener diversity indices were computed. A total of 101 species that belonged to 45 families were documented. Diversity and evenness indices were 3.44 and 0.7, respectively. Combined density of woody species of all developmental stages was 4971 stems ha-1 of which 39, 32, and 28% were with DBH < 3.5 cm (seedlings), between 2 and 10 cm (saplings), and >10 cm (mature wordy species), respectively. The total basal area of individuals with DBH ≥ 3.5 cm was 116.18 m2 ha-1. Olea europaea and Podocarpus falcatus were the most dominant species. About 41.58% of the species had IVI < 1. Population structure based on combined densities revealed that density of seedling > sapling > mature individuals, suggesting healthy population structure and good regeneration. On individual basis, however, species showed different patterns of population structure of which 12, 51, and 37% species showed good, fair, and poor regenerations, respectively. Species with least IVI and poor regeneration should be given conservation priority.

Distribution of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Ascochyta blight (Didymella rabiei) and analyses of factors affecting disease epidemics in Central Ethiopia

Ascochyta blight (caused by Didymella rabiei) is one of the most important diseases affecting chickpea production and productivity. The distribution, incidence and severity of the disease, and the association of agronomic practices and environmental factors on the intensity of the disease mainly remained undermined. Chickpea field surveys were conducted in two main chickpea growing regions of central Ethiopia during the 2020 and 2021 main cropping seasons to determine the distribution and importance of Ascochyta blight and analyse its association with biophysical factors. A total of 366 chickpea fields were surveyed in five zones, and 76.6% of the fields were infected with Ascochyta blight. The results revealed that the overall mean prevalence and incidence of the disease ranged from 46.66 to 100%. Ascochyta blight in the infected fields had a mean severity index of 40.17%. The mean disease incidence was higher in fields at altitudes below 2129 m.a.s.l (39.2%) than the mean incidence of fields at higher altitudes. Using logistic regression analysis, the independent variables—zone, altitude, cropping season, seed source, cultivar type, variety, planting pattern, and plant density—were shown to have significant effects on the severity index (P < 0.001). High weed density, growth stage, planting time, crop rotation, Fusarium wilt, pod borer, aphid spp., and dry root rot were also significantly associated (P < 0.05) with Ascochyta blight epidemics. The highest severity (SI = 60.3%) was obtained in Arsi Zone, and the lowest in South West Shewa Zone (SI = 32.1%). The results of this survey indicate that planting chickpea in the middle of the main rainy season, proper weed management, planting improved varieties, and crop rotation should be practiced to reduce the negative impact of the disease until effective resistant chickpea varieties are developed. Furthermore, it is recommended that effective and feasible integrated management options need to be developed against the disease to boost the production and productivity of the crop.

Impact of gravel mining on agricultural soils at Gorfo Mountain, West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia

Impact of gravel mining on agricultural soils at Gorfo Mountain, West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia

Assessment of land suitability for irrigation in West Shewa zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

The assessment of land suitability is the key to sustained agricultural output. Thus, the study aimed to assess the land suitability for irrigation development in the West Shewa zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. A GIS-based analytical hierarchy process was applied to evaluate a multi-criteria land suitability analysis. The key factors such as soil (depth, drainage, texture, pH, organic carbon, available water content, and salinity), slope, land use/cover, proximity to the river, proximity to the road, proximity to urban areas, and rainfall deficit were considered. These factors were reclassified, weighted, and then overlaid using the weighted overlay tool of ArcGIS software. The study classified the agricultural lands in the area from highly suitable to permanently unsuitable for irrigation to determine the suitability of the classes. The results showed that 10.27% (1419.87 km2) was highly suitable, 73.23% (10,128.97 km2) was moderately suitable, 16.34% (2259.95 km2) was marginally suitable, and 0.16% (22.16 km2) was not suitable. The area in all woredas was mainly moderately suitable for irrigation. However, Metarobi had the most highly suitable land, followed by Elfata with the most moderately suitable land, and Abuna Gindeberet with the most marginally suitable land. The results revealed huge potential for irrigation development in the West Shewa zone. As a result, it can serve as the basis for zonal-level planning and future irrigation development. Therefore, the study helps to improve the community’s lifestyle in the study area by increasing agricultural production.

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Bovine Trypanosomosis in Nono District, West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia

Trypanosomosis is a major constraint to livestock production due to the challenge of vector control activities and drug resistance development in Sub-Saharan Africa particularly Ethiopia. The most common trypanosome species that affects cattle in Ethiopia are T. congolense. T. vivax and T. brucei. Therefore, A cross sectional study was conducted from November 2019 to December 2020 to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis Nono district of Western Shewa zone, Ethiopia. The study district was purposively selected and PAs were randomly selected to take sample for the study. For the prevalence study, dark phase contrast buffy coat examination and Giemsa stained thin blood smears were used and Chi- Square test was used to analysis the results. Out of a total of 384 randomly selected and examined cattle, an overall prevalence of 5.5% was recorded. Highest prevalence was recorded in Nano Halo 8(6.7%) followed by Biftu Jalala 6(5.5%) and Halo Dinki 7(4.5%) peasant associations. This study showed no significant difference (P&gt;0.05) in trypanosomiasis infection rate among peasant associations and there was significant association between risk factors like age(X2= 6.97, P= 0.008), sex (X2= 5.38, P= 0.02), body condition (X2 = 6.09, P= 0.048) and PCV values (X2= 18.47, P= 0.000) of examined cattle. Out of species of trypanosome identified highest was T. Congolense was 13(61.91%), followed by T. Vivax was 7(33.33%) and 1(4.76%) were mixed. The present work evidenced that tsetse and trypanosomosis has continued to pose a considerable threat to cattle of the study area warranting an integrated control to safeguard cattle production and productivity.

Maternal Satisfaction on Delivery Service and Its Associated Factors in Public Health Facilities at West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia.

Maternal delivery satisfaction could be assessed to improve the quality and effectiveness. Thus, this study aimed to assess maternal satisfaction with delivery services and associated factors in public health facilities in West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on maternal satisfaction delivery services. Systematic and stratified sampling techniques were used to select mothers by using their delivery registration number and to select health facilities. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify associated factors. Among mothers, the overall satisfaction with delivery service was 584 (87%). Shower service availability (39.8%), toilet cleanliness (32.6%), and waiting area cleanliness (31.1%) were significant areas of mothers' dissatisfaction with delivery services. Uneducated mothers, mothers of 1-6 education level, monthly income of mothers less than 500 Birr, mothers who followed antenatal care, mothers who had actual fetal outcome, mothers who admitted from 6:00 AM to 12:00, and mothers who admitted from 12:00 AM to 6:00 PM were satisfied with delivery services. The age of the mother, mother's education level, monthly income of mother, antenatal care, fetal outcome, place of delivery, and admission time of the mother were significantly associated factors for mothers' satisfaction with delivery services. Therefore, regional health bureaus and zonal health offices should work collaboratively on maternal care to improve maternal satisfaction during delivery.

Determinants of maternal satisfaction with focused antenatal care services rendered at public health facilities in the West Shewa Zone, Central Ethiopia: A multicentre cross-sectional study.

Every woman has the right to receive quality care during pregnancy. It is proven that antenatal care (ANC) reduces maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The government of Ethiopia is also making intense efforts to increase the coverage of ANC. However, among pregnant women, the levels of satisfaction with the care provided are overlooked, as the percentage of women who complete all ANC visits is below 50. Therefore, this study aims to assess maternal satisfaction with ANC services rendered at public health facilities in the West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among women who were receiving ANC in public health facilities in Central Ethiopia between September 1 and October 15, 2021. A total of 411 women were selected using the systematic random sampling method. The questionnaire was pretested and the data were collected electronically using CSEntry. The collected data were exported to SPSS version 26. The characteristics of the study participants were described using frequency and percentage. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify the factors associated with maternal satisfaction with focused ANC service. This study revealed that 46.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) (41.7%-51.6%)] of women were satisfied with ANC service. Factors such as the quality of the health institution [adjusted odd ratio (AOR) = 5.10, (95% CI: 3.33-7.75)], place of residence [AOR = 2.38, (95% CI: 1.21-4.70)], history of abortion [AOR = 0.19, (95% CI: 0.07-0.49)], and previous mode of delivery [AOR = 0.30, (95% CI: 0.15-0.60)] were significantly associated with women's satisfaction with focused ANC service. More than half of pregnant women who received ANC were dissatisfied with the service they received. This should be a cause for concern, as the level of satisfaction is lower than that of the findings of previous studies conducted in Ethiopia. Institutional variables, interactions with patients, and previous experiences of pregnant women have an impact on the level of satisfaction. Due attention should be paid to primary health and communication of health professionals with pregnant women to improve the levels of satisfaction with focused ANC service.

Determinants of Participation Decision of Smallholder Farmers on Cluster Farming: The Case of Teff in West Shewa Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia

This research was conducted in Liban Jawi district West Shewa zone of the Oromia region to evaluate the determinants that affect the participation decisions of smallholder farmers in teff cluster farming. A multistage sample procedure was used to collect the data. Liban Jawi District was purposely selected from the West Shewa zone due to the potential teff production and implementation of teff cluster farming. Next, based on the proportion of peasant association that undertakes cluster farming, four PAs were selected. Then using stratified random sampling PAs were stratified into two strata: cluster farming and non-cluster farming participants. Finally, 133 respondents were selected using systematic random sampling methods. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze relationships between a dichotomous dependent variable and explanatory variables. The results of this study indicated that among the selected variables used in the model, nine of them were found to have significant effects including the age of household head, gender, experience, land holding size, income, walking time to farmland, credit accessibility, participation in the demonstration, and access to training were statistically significant on participation decision of smallholder farmers decisions in teff cluster farming. Therefore, the Federal and or the regional government ought to enhance farmer associations to have the potential to significantly influence the participation decision-making process. In addition, to support farmers in adopting new varieties and increase their productivity, the government should give training, and increase extension linkages to enhance the participation decisions of farmers in cluster farming.

Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Cattle in Three Districts in Central Ethiopia.

Parasitic diseases are a major impediment to livestock production worldwide. However, knowledge about the epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites in many low-income countries is still limited. An epidemiological survey on these parasites in traditionally reared cattle was performed in central Ethiopia (West Shewa Zone), from September 2019 to November 2021. Overall, 691 samples were analyzed qualitatively (flotation technique) and quantitatively (McMaster technique) to detect helminth eggs and Eimeria oocysts. Furthermore, coprocultures were conducted on pooled samples to identify the genera of gastrointestinal strongyles (GIS). The difference in prevalence according to agroecology, season, age, sex and body condition score (BCS) was investigated using univariable tests and through a multivariable logistic regression analysis, whereas abundance values were interpreted using a descriptive approach. The highest prevalence values were observed for GIS (50.2%) and Eimeria spp. (36.0%), whereas Moniezia spp. (16.3%), Strongyloides spp. (5.1%) and Schistosoma spp. (4.2%) showed lower values. Trichuris spp. and Toxocara vitulorum were sporadically found. A coproculture revealed that Haemonchus spp. (34.6%), Trichostrongylus spp. (25.9%) and Bunostomum spp. (19.1%) were the most frequent genera of GIS. A poor BCS was strongly associated with the occurrence of GIS, while seasonal variations were detected for Eimeria spp., GIS, Moniezia spp. and Schistosoma spp., with a higher prevalence and burden during the rainy season, and agroecology also strongly influenced different parasitic taxa. This present study increases the knowledge about the epidemiological features of gastrointestinal parasites in the context of a low-income country, suggesting a more tailored approach for their control. The use of a BCS as an indicator for the selective treatment of highly infested animals is supported by our findings, introducing a possible way to prevent anthelmintic resistance in areas where basic diagnostic services are rarely used by farmers.

Postabortion contraceptives uptake and its associated factors among clients visiting abortion care services in public hospitals in West Shewa Zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia, 2021.

Postabortion contraception is the initiation and use of postabortion contraceptive methods immediately after an abortion. It is a critical approach for preventing unwanted pregnancy, alleviating its complications, and avoiding repeated abortions by promoting immediate postabortion contraceptives provision. To assess the level of postabortion contraceptives uptake and its associated factors among clients visiting abortion care services in public hospitals in West Shewa Zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted in public hospitals in the West Shewa Zone from 1 March 2021 to 30 May 2021, among 227 proportionally allocated clients based on the proportion of the client served in the previous 3 months of the study period. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using semi-structured and pretested questionnaire from women who received the abortion services. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess the association of independent variables with postabortion contraceptive uptake. Findings with p-value of 0.05 at 95% confidence interval were considered as statistically significant. The overall postabortion contraception uptake among abortion service clients in public hospitals was 164 (74%) while about 42% of them used long-term contraceptive methods. Postabortion contraceptive uptake was significantly associated with media exposure to postabortion family planning information (adjusted odds ratio: 3.4 (95% confidence interval: 1.03-11.27)) and counseling on postabortion family planning (adjusted odds ratio: 20.48 (95% confidence interval: 5.02-83.64)). Level of postabortion contraceptive method uptake in West Shewa was low as compared to the national target. Greater attention should be given on providing postabortion contraceptive counseling to increase the postabortion contraceptive uptake.