West Jordan Research Articles

An In Vitro Comparison of the Antimicrobial Effects of Various Endodontic Medicaments on Enterococcus faecalis

The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the antimicrobial action of Dermacyn (Oculus Innovative Sciences, Petaluma, CA), BioPure MTAD (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Johnson City, TN), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX; Ultradent, West Jordan, UT), and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) against Enterococcus faecalis (American Type Culture Collection 4082). Eighteen Petri dishes of BHI agar were inoculated with E faecalis. Each Petri dish had five saturated paper disks placed. Four of the disks were saturated with a different test solution, and the last paper disk served as the control and was saturated with sterile distilled water. The plates were randomly distributed into two groups. Group one (n=9) was incubated aerobically and group 2 (n=9) was incubated anaerobically for 48 hours at 37 degrees C. The largest diameter of the zones of microbial inhibition was measured in millimeters and recorded. Statistical analysis was performed with repeated-measures analysis of variance. BioPure MTAD showed significantly (p<0.05) more zones of microbial inhibition than 5.25% NaOCl, 2% CHX, and Dermacyn. Sodium hypochlorite and CHX showed significantly (p<0.05) more zones of microbial inhibition than Dermacyn. The zone of inhibition between NaOCl and CHX was not significant (p>0.05). The control group showed no microbial inhibition.

An Interview with Khalil Mahshi

In 1989, the Harvard Educational Review published "The Palestinian Uprising and Education for the Future" by Khalil Mahshi and Kim Bush. In that article, Mahshi and Bush reviewed Palestinian education from the time of the Ottoman Turks until the late 1980s. They documented that throughout history, Palestinians were educated within systems imposed by outsiders. Mahshi and Bush argued that an already contentious relationship with Israel was exacerbated by the combination of an Israeli civil and military authority and a Jordanian educational curriculum. The first intifadah (uprising), which began in December 1987, challenged the Israeli occupation and its imposed institutions. During this time period, educational establishments in the West Bank and the Gaza strip were subject to frequent closures by Israeli military authorities, forcing Palestinians to reexamine their current system of education and to look for both short- and long-term alternatives. Given these conditions, Mahshi and Bush argued that the first intifadah was a catalyst for educational change in Palestine. They examined different models of education that were developed when schools in the Palestinian territories were forcibly shut down by the Israeli military: United Nations Relief and Works Agency schools in refugee camps in the West Bank, Gaza, Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon; private schools; Popular Committee schools; and neighborhood schools. They also analyzed several initiatives created by and for Palestinians during that time: informal, communitybased education methods; alternative modes of instruction such as home-learning packets, which did not require the school structure but still used the existing system and textbooks; and long-term planning that conceived of education as nation-building. Mahshi and Bush argued that the intifadah created a giant educational laboratory and challenged conservative educators to start afresh. Finally, they outlined a pioneering project, Education for Awareness and Involvement, that they believed contained the beginnings of a new Palestinian curriculum that would connect school and community and shift the focus from end-of-school examinations to student-centered pedagogy. By articulating the challenges of Palestinian education clearly, Mahshi and Bush encouraged debate among educators in Palestine and the international educational community about the future of Palestinian education. In the more than fifteen years since their article was published, the debate on Palestinian education has flourished. And much has changed. Khalil Mahshi served as the director-general of international and public relations for the Palestinian Ministry of Education and Higher Education and is now a senior program specialist with the International Institute for Educational Planning at the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in Paris. Preceding the Palestinian elections of January 2006, and given both Mahshi's extensive experience and his close relationship with Palestinian education, the Harvard Educational Review took the opportunity to interview him. On December 1, 2005, two members of the HER Editorial Board spoke with Mahshi about the legacy of the first Palestinian intifadah and the current state of Palestinian education. Mahshi — who asked us to call him "Khalil" — emphasized the subjective nature of his observations and the complex role of commenting on the work of colleagues who are still engaged in the difficult work of building an education system. Khalil describes the changes that have taken place in the education of Palestinians since he and Bush wrote "The Palestinian Uprising and Education for the Future," and he outlines lessons from this development process that are applicable globally to the building and rebuilding of education systems in the face of occupation, resistance, and conflict. We are excited to speak with you, Khalil. We would like you to start by describing the educational situation in the West Bank and Gaza since the publication of your and Kim Bush's 1989 HER article, "The Palestinian Uprising and Education for the Future." What is the current status of the education system from preschool to higher education, including the kinds of alternative and community-based forms of education that you describe in that article?

"Holy" land in the Old Testament: Numbers and Joshua

AbstractLooking through the Numbers-traditions of the holy land one has to answer the question whether Joshua is thought of as the literary continuation of Numbers. The survey shows that the traditions of Numbers and Joshua seem to be quite different, though there are parallels in the dividing of the land among the tribes. Probably there is one real connection, because elements of Josh. xviii 1-10 are used in Num. xxvi 55f. All other affinities regarding the theme of the holy land seem to be redactional and quite late. In Numbers one finds awareness of Transjordan as being holy to YHWH, though xxxiv 1-12 excludes it. xxxii 4 remembers land that YHWH had smitten and that is therefore available for Gad and Reuben. Numbers xxxv mentions cities of asylum in Transjordan as much as in West Jordan, for an already existing population.

Recycling: Funds for Phones

Americans will retire about 100 million cell phones this year when they switch to new models or new carriers, according to INFORM, a nonprofit environmental research group. Many go into the trash, ending up in landfills, and still more are tossed into closets and drawers, where they await the same ultimate destination. As University of Florida researchers concluded in the July 2004 report RCRA Toxicity Characterization of Computer CPUs and Other Discarded Electronic Devices, cell phones often release enough lead under test conditions to be classified as hazardous waste under federal law [see “Electronics, Lead, and Landfills,” EHP 112:A734 (2004)]. But while this growing mountain of old phones is drawing the attention of people who are worried about its potential impact on the environment, it has also been discovered by people who see it as a commodity that still retains market value. In recent years, companies have emerged that buy old cell phones from individuals or groups that collect them on fundraising drives. These companies then sell the phones to foreign wireless carriers, who refurbish and resell them, or recyclers, who extract metals such as gold, silver, and copper. One company, RMS Communications Group, is currently taking in about 80,000 phones per month, according to its marketing and communications manager, Lynda Gorsuch. Like many such companies, RMS emphasizes charity tieins, offering people the opportunity to make a “virtual contribution” of the dollar value of the phone they sent in to a variety of charities listed on the RMS web-sites http://www.cellforcash.com/ and http://www.wirelessfundraiser.com/. Another such firm is CollectiveGood (http://www.collectivegood.com/), which offers a similar smorgasbord of charities to which people can contribute the value of their old phones. Meanwhile, youth organizations have found that cell phone collection drives offer unparalleled fundraising opportunities. On Earth Day 2004, a group of Boy Scouts in West Jordan, Utah, collected cell phones that they sold to RMS. RMS paid the Scouts from a set price list ranging from $3 to $100 per phone. The public response was so overwhelming that the Scouts are continuing the program and expect to make $6,000 from it this year, says David Bresnahan, an adult advisor who set up the project. “We’re trying to promote environmental protection, which is a great lesson for the kids,” Bresnahan says, “and we’re putting the money into a fund that’s used to help kids who can’t afford to go to camp or can’t afford a backpack.” A 2003 INFORM report, Calling All Cell Phones, analyzed various U.S. cell phone collection and recycling programs and concluded that, while they are providing a “critically important” service, they are not nearly enough. INFORM senior researcher Bette Fishbein says industry programs will absorb about 1% of this year’s discarded phones, and independent programs such as RMS and CollectiveGood will absorb a bit more. But the total amount of phones being taken in is still well under 5% of the 100 million that will be discarded, she says. “It’s a step in the right direction,” Fishbein concludes. “But if you’re going to address the issue of toxics entering our environment through disposal facilities, you’ve got to take back a lot more.”

ABSTRACT: Construction of a Permeability Model Applying the Lucia Characterization Methodology with Non-optimal Data Conditions: West Jordan Unit, San Andres Formation

ABSTRACT: Construction of a Permeability Model Applying the Lucia Characterization Methodology with Non-optimal Data Conditions: West Jordan Unit, San Andres Formation

One More Tool for the Toolbox

staffed by experienced computer techies but by ordinary academic teachers; the three selected teachers would start integrating technology into their curriculum to explore what worked and what didn't. I was chosen to be one of those teachers. My task was to set up a model classroom at West Jordan High School, where I teach sophomore and senior English. At that time I was an eighteen-year teaching veteran of junior and senior high school. My technological expertise consisted of word processing and supervising the English department computer lab. What I did have, and what all teachers who want to integrate technology into their classrooms must have, is enthusiasm, flexibility, and a willingness to try just about anything, along with the sincere belief that technology is a skill students need in order to succeed in the workplace. Early Trial and Error

Cement‐based solidification/stabilization of lead‐contaminated soil at a utah highway construction site

AbstractThis article describes portland cement‐based solidification/stabilization (S/S) treatment of heavy metal‐contaminated soil. The soil was discovered during highway construction in West Jordan, Utah. Environmental Chemical Corporation (ECC) performed an emergency response to remediate the soil under contract with the EPA and the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR). The soil was treated by S/S. Treatment of the soil, contaminated with lead and arsenic, involved: (1) excavation, (2) size segregation, (3) reduction of oversized particles, (4) addition and mixture of portland cement and cement kiln dust, and (5) beneficial reuse of the treated soil as a subbase. S/S treatment successfully reduced Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) concentrations of the contaminants to below regulatory levels.

Design, selection and implementation of flash erase EEPROM memory cells

The author reports an investigation into the design and process constraints of flash EEPROM memory cells. He describes several possible structures which were developed by the MOS memory R&D group of National Semiconductor Corporation at West Jordan, Utah. These structures were implemented and tested on a specially designed test chip. In addition to the typical structures of poly 1 floating gate and poly 2 control gate, new novel structures of poly 2 floating gate and poly 1 control gate were implemented. A total of five major structures are described. The author discusses the principle of operation, advantages and disadvantages of each of these structures. Also included are characteristic results and a discussion of the performance of these candidate cells.

AN APPLICATION OF INVESTMENT TIMING ANALYSIS: DUAL WATER SYSTEMS1

ABSTRACT: A general methodology to study the economics of dual water systems (defined here as a separate distribution system for untreated low quality local surface Water for outdoor municipal water supply) is summarized and the application of the method to a rapidly growing city is presented. In the first step, a cost‐benefit criterion for evaluating dual systems is developed. The criterion is then extended to a dynamic case where the population to be served increases with time and where the dual system is allowed to expand. The optimal investment time to introduce the dual water supply project is obtained by maximizing social welfare. The model is applied to the city of West Jordan, Utah, where a dual system is currently being proposed. Model results indicate that for the city as a whole dual supply is not economically feasible. However, when the model is applied to a part of the city, it is found feasible and the optimal time to initiate the project would be in the year 1989.

PERMIAN AND TRIASSIC GEOLOGICAL HISTORY AND TECTONICS OF THE MIDDLE EAST

The paleogeography postulated from the distribution of Permian and Triassic sedimentary rocks in the Middle East is shown and related to the paleostructure of the region. The Middle East region as defined here includes the Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Iraq, SE Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, West Jordan, and the Sinai Peninsula. Within the limits of the area included in this study, a relatively stable pre‐Late Triassic tectonic regime can be recognized and distinguished from a succession of diastrophic events of the Late Triassic epoch, which caused marked changes in the types and distribution of facies.Excluding NE Iran, the Middle East was stable from Late Cambrian to Middle Triassic times, as it formed a part of the Arabian Massif and much of the Middle East Platform, which is a broad shelf bordering the positive Afro‐Arabian Massif to the NE and east. The sediments of this plarform have undergone no strong deformation and have been subjected only to epeirogenic movements which interrupted sedimentation locally or regionally. However, from Upper Permian through Middle Triassic times, the predominant facies on this shelf was carbonates which unconformably overlie the non‐marine or extremely shallow marine elastics of the Lower Permian or older strata in most of the region.Upper Triassic strata in the area are markedly different in facies from older beds because of the movement of blocks in Turkey and northern and eastern Iraq and Iran related to the enlargement and broadening of the Tethys. Asa result, much of northern and eastern Iran were separated from the area to the south and west, which continued to be a shelf flanking the Afro‐Arabian Massif. Consequently, three major structural elements existed in the region: the Arabian Shelf, the Tethyan rift zone and the Paleo‐Tethyan trough.

Carbonate scale in Roman and modern canals in the Jordan valley

Problems of loss of capacity of canals and pipelines carrying waters heavily charged with carbonates are not new; examples are described from classical and modern times in the Jordan Valley. An outline of the chemistry of carbonates in ground water is followed by a discussion of the chemical analyses of two springs in West Jordan. Different indices of calcium carbonate saturation are examined; as none of these indicates the delayed properties of such waters the addition of an “aerated saturation index” is proposed. The rate of scale formation in the modern Ain Feseyl canal is estimated from chemical analyses. The relation between scale precipitation in man-made works and its formation under natural conditions is then noted, and the paper ends with a historical footnote on the probable origin of the scale-filled Roman canal at Ain Feseyl.

GEOHYDROLOGIC ANALOGIES BETWEEN THE JORDAN VALLEYS OF UTAH AND THE HOLY LAND

Abstract The biblical Jordan River Valley, which extends from Lake Tiberias (the Sea of Galilee) to the Dead Sea, is decidedly similar to the Jordan River Valley of Utah, which joins Lake Utah and Great Salt Lake. Both Jordan Rivers drain relatively large fresh-water lakes and also are major sources of discharge into large salty lakes that have no outlets to the ocean. The two Jordan River valleys and the highlands and mountains that surround them, have many physiographic, geologic, and hydrologic similarities as well as some noteworthy differences. For example, an hypothesis for the formation of the Dead Sea-Jordan Valley rift is that the east Jordan block slid northward with respect to the west Jordan block. The amount of displacement is estimated to be about 65 miles and took place partly in Miocene and possible Pliocene and partly in Pleistocene time. Tectonc activity has also been a major factor in the formation of the Jordan valley of Utah, but the movement here probably was along large normal fault...

The Economic Problems of Jordan

F RESH from reading the headlines on the latest frontier incident between Jordan and Israel, the casual visitor to Amman, the swarming, bustling, and rather prosperous looking capital city of Jordan, might conclude that whatever the political problems of the new kingdom might be, the economic problems were nothing to worry about. But the rows of impressive new stone buildings, the street clearance schemes, the crammed condition of the two or three good hotels, and the prosperity of the shoeshine industry are, as in other Middle Eastern countries, a deceptive index to economic activity in the country as a whole. There is no doubt that the economic problems now facing Jordan are widely misunderstood and seriously under-estimated in the West; and it is of special interest at this particular time to examine them. Such an examination, using the fashionable statistical techniques developed in the West, is no easy matter in Jordan. Despite the devoted efforts of the under-staffed Statistical Department of the Government, Jordanian statistics are incomplete, often inscrutable to Western minds, and occasionally quite incredible. Visiting economic experts who reach for the latest estimates of the national income on the evening of their arrival have to be told that no reliable estimates exist for any year. The foreign trade returns are known to exclude some trade across the desert frontiers in the east and the Israeli frontier in the west, although the latter is officially closed. Total agricultural production is unknown and the harvest of the chief cereal crops is reported quite inadequately. Part of the explanation of this state of affairs is historical. The Hashimite Kingdom in its present geographical boundaries is of recent origin. The nucleus was the Mandated State of Transjordan set up in I923 under British tutelage, which acquired independence in I948. The Kingdom was recognized as incorporating 'West Jordan', i.e. the central part of Palestine occupied by King Abdullah's forces at the conclusion of hostilities with the Israelis, only in I950. The administration, including the fairly advanced local government machine in West Jordan and the less advanced one in Transjordan, is therefore only four years old. It inherited some useful British administrative practices from the Mandate and a very few British officials. In the conditions of international tension and deepening poverty in which it has had to work, its achievements, however inadequate by Western standards, must be described as notable. Transjordan before the union with West Jordan was a poverty1 The author of this article is a member of the United Nations Secretariat, but the views expressed are his personal views and not necessarily those of the United Nations Organization. 26