West Columbia Research Articles

THE STATES/BC OIL SPILL TASK FORCEAN—INTERNATIONAL MODEL FOR FORMULATING AND INFLUENCING PUBLIC POLICY

ABSTRACT The States/British Columbia Oil Spill Task Force was established in 1989 to enhance spill coordination among the West Coast states and British Columbia, and to address a number of issues that became apparent during the Nestucca barge and Exxon Valdez oil spills. Task Force members are the directors of the oil spill prevention and response agencies in Alaska, British Columbia, California, Oregon, and Washington. The Task Force has become a national model for facilitating cooperation and building consensus between coastal states and provinces and their federal governments. In October of 1990, the task force issued a report containing a comprehensive set of recommendations addressing oil spill prevention, preparedness, and response. The group had achieved remarkable consensus, and many of the report's recommendations have been included in recent legislation enacted by the member states. The success of the task force's approach to regional coordination has also reduced the need for a proposed Pacific Oceans Resources Interstate Compact, which has been proposed to expand the states' role in areas of regulation that are otherwise federally preempted. The task force has become an effective mechanism for developing vigorous, productive relationships between government agencies, industry, and the public in both the United States and Canada. It has created important linkages between state/provincial and federal regulatory activities; for example, by providing input to Coast Guard and EPA rulemaking that implemented the Oil Pollution Act of 1990. It also assisted in assuring a well-coordinated international response to the July 1991 Tenyo Maru oil spill outside the Strait of Juan De Fuca between Washington and British Columbia. The task force is continuing to advance its goals of promoting public policy on oil spill prevention; cooperative management of major spills by government and industry; protection of the states/provincial rights and their natural and economic resources; and inter-governmental consistency in regulations adopted for oil spill prevention, contingency planning, and resource damage assessment.

Special Education in British Columbia ‐‐ Some thoughts following a year as an exchange psychologist in Canada

The special educational systems and psychological services of West Sussex and British Columbia are compared and contrasted from the view‐point of an English educational psychologist on exchange in British Columbia. Following a description of British Columbian methods of operating specific comparisons are made from evidence collected whilst on exchange. English educators are encouraged to stimulate a more open relationship between schools and parents, to press for the provision of trained special needs teachers in all schools and to try to make the special needs procedures easier for parents and teachers to understand.

Authorʼs Response

Department of Pathology Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, MA 02114 Lexington County Hospital West Columbia, SC 29169

Some Spatial Aspects of Public Urban Recreation in Columbia, South Carolina

SOME SPATIAL ASPECTS OF PUBLIC URBAN RECREATION IN COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA Lisle S. Mitchell and Paul E. Lovingood, ]r.a Recreational opportunity is valued highly in a modern urban society and is no longer considered a luxurv. In particular, community subsidized recreational facilities and services are important in an increasingly complex urban environment. Nevertheless, social science research on the subject of urban recreation has been remarkably meager. (1) The contributions of geographers to the spatial aspects of this research is on the increase, but they have yet to develop and test a comprehensive set of principles and models from which a viable theory of urban recreation can be constructed. The authors address this problem with the objective of empirically testing several widely endorsed but apparently contradictory generalizations about the spatial variation of urban recreation consumption. As a case study, this research aspires to neither definitive conclusions nor profound theoretical implications. Rather, it examines the explanatory utility of these spatial constructs within the context of a single urbanized area with the ultimate goal to develop them into hypotheses worthy of rigorous testing in similar contexts. The generalizations to be investigated are: 1) the density of public parks is negatively associated with central cities and with those areas of the city which are on the lower end of the socioeconomic scale; and 2) suburbs tend to be void of public recreational opportunities. The first generalization is derived from statements such as "the residents of the central city generally do not have easy access to outdoor recreation," and "low income city residents, particularly in the slum areas, recent in-migrants, minority groups and elderly people have little or no access to outdoor recreation. . . ." (2) The second generalization follows from ". . . many of the fastest growing suburban areas have thus far made extremely inadequate provision for parks and with the available land taken up in large-scale developments, there are neither vacant lots nor vacant sites upon which parks may be constructed later." (3) These generalizations are in obvious conflict because they allude to the absence of public parks and recreational opportunity in different parts of the city. Both of these statements cannot be true. The procedures outlined below are designed to clarify this contradiction and to develop the generalizations into acceptable hypotheses. *Dr. Mitchell is associate professor and Dr. Lovingood is professor of geography at the University of South Carolina. This paper was accepted for publication in February 1975. 94 Southeastern Geographer PROCEDURE. Three steps were followed in the investigation of the previously stated generalizations. In the first step, the urbanized area of Columbia, South Carolina, was divided into high and low park density regions. Median park density was employed to differentiate the regions. Median density, purely by chance, was exactly one park per square mile. There were, therefore, 30 census tracts with less than one park per square mile and 30 with more than one park per square mile. The high park density region consists of the central cities of the Columbia urbanized area (Columbia, West Columbia, and Cayce) minus Columbia's Central Business District and its functionally related industrial areas plus one residential census tract. The low park density region includes census tracts on the periphery of the study area and those in or near Columbia's CBD (Figures 1 and 2). The second step was an analysis of selected population, family, housing, and income variables for the two regions. The variables were subject to the following analytical techniques: map analysis, simple correlation analysis, linkage analysis, and factor analysis. Finally, the generalizations were examined in terms of the results of the analytical techniques, and the findings were considered in a comprehensive research framework. UIlANlZED AIEA COLUMIIA. SOUTH CAIOUNA MT] ------------- COUNTY tOUNOMT ------------- CITT LIMITI¦¦INSTITUTION«! AItAI \ Figure 1 Vol. XV, No. 2 95 Figure 2 GENERALIZATION ONE: ANALYSES AND RESULTS. The findings of this study cast doubt on the veracity of the first generalization. Map analysis reveals that parks are concentrated beyond Columbia's CBD and functionally related census tracts and in the residential neighborhoods of the three central cities (Figures 1 and 2). A spatial gradient of park locations shows that 75 percent of the parks are located within four miles of...

Heterostegina Reef on Piercement Salt Domes, with Special Reference to Nash and Others in Northwestern Brazoria County, Texas: ABSTRACT

Reef limestone as much as 300 feet thick occurs in the Heterostegina zone in part of northwestern Brazoria County about 40 miles south-southwest of Houston, between Damon Mound, Nash, and West Columbia piercement salt domes. This locally developed limestone is completely surrounded by normal Heterostegina calcareous shale or shale with one or more very thin limestone beds. At Nash dome the upper part of the limestone is porous, consisting chiefly of honeycomb corals, and the lower part is more dense. Indications are that the Heterostegina reef developed in a near-shore, shallow-water environment, and that its growth did not stop at the end of Anahuac time but continued even into the early Miocene. Large-diameter conventional cores are recommended for evaluating the production potential of the Heterostegina limestone. Although the best porosity is found in the top of the limestone, it may develop also in other intervals. The limestone production at Nash field does not have a common oil-water contact. Substantial oil production has been obtained from the Heterostegina limestone and more may be expected at Nash, Damon Mound, and West Columbia fields, at depths ranging from approximately 2,000 feet at Damon to 4,350 feet at Nash. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2515------------

Clinical Observations on Spotted Fever in the Gulf Coast Area of Texas 1

In an extensive area covering vast regions of Texas, Louisiana, Florida, and the southeastern Atlantic states, Amblyomma americanum predominates greatly over other varieties of ticks. Three recent tick surveys made by Anigstein and Bader (1), by Kohls and McGregor (5) in the region of West Columbia, Texas, Brazoria County, in connection with an outbreak of spotted fever revealed that in about six thousand ticks collected only Amblyomma americanum were found.Case 1. In 1937, a child, G. C., female aged five years residing in Alvin, Texas, Brazoria County, was admitted to the John Sealy Hospital and died after a period of seven days. The chief complaints were fever, vomiting, intense hyperaesthesia over the entire body, a petechial rash appearing first on the extremities and extending to the body.Laboratory data showed a positive serum agglutination in a dilution 1:320 for Proteus X19. Rickettsial bodies found recently by Anigstein and Bader were similar in appearance to those found in Cases 3 and 4.

Well Spacing and Production Interference in West Columbia Field, Brazoria County, Texas

The fairly accurate gauges of oil and water production from a great number of wells in the West Columbia field over a period of 20 years, coupled with experiment of movement of fluids in the reservoir, has made possible a comprehensive study of well interference and drainage from the producing sands of this area. The results show that drainage updip, laterally, and downdip can be effected over a distance of 500-800 feet, depending on differential pressures in the reservoir. Information developed indicates that a spacing of one well to 17-20 acres would efficiently drain the sands of this reservoir.

Fluted Points from South Carolina

In October, 1937, Mr. Frank M. Harvin, Jr., of Columbia, South Carolina, presented me with sixty-three stone artifacts that he had collected on various visits to a plowed field overlooking the Congaree River near West Columbia, South Carolina. In Mr. Harvin's collection were two fluted points of the type known as “Folsom.” Later I looked through the Babcock Collection of Indian artifacts from Chester, South Carolina (now in the University of South Carolina Library), and found another fluted Folsom point among the hundreds of chipped implements in that exhibit. Inspection of my own collection and the Simpson Collection in Rock Hill, South Carolina, failed to reveal any other examples of this type, which has a wide distribution in the East and South, although I do not remember having seen any reported from South Carolina.

Coral Reefs in the Oligocene of Texas

Coral reefs of Oligocene age occur around the salt domes of the Coastal Plain of Texas. The reefs around two domes, Damon Mound and West Columbia, are given in detail with cross-sections of the reefs showing position around the domes. Several interesting facts relative to the movements of the salt plugs are given.

The West Columbia Salt Dome and Oil Field: ABSTRACT

Prospecting started at West Columbia shortly after the discovery of the Spindletop field. The early tests were shallow, but encountered small amounts of oil. The old or Southeast field was not brought in until 1918 and the late spring of 1920 was at the crest of its productivity. In the following July the new or North field was brought in by the Texas Co's. Abram No. 1. West Columbia lies in the belt of Peistocene coastal prairie bordering the Gulf Coast. The surface mound is a faint one of the central depression type, somewhat obscured by erosion. West Columbia is a characteristic salt dome with a steep sided, flat topped core of salt, a cap of gypsum, and sedimentary beds dipping quaquerversally away from the salt core. Fossils from one well and a study of the well logs shows that the deepest wells probably reach to the lower part of the Corrigan formation. The productive sands at West Columbia are found only in the deep lateral sands on the flanks of the dome, probably in the upper part of the Corrigan formation. The oil is of 22° 2 Baume and around 110° F. Although this temperature is above the average for the Gulf Coast fields, the temperature gradient is extremely low. West Columbia is a very productive field. The per acre production of the field is over 125,000 bbls. and for the leases of one company is over 943,500 bbls. Illustrated by a topographic map, a generalized structure section, graphs of production, of field as a whole and of Sun Co's. and Crown O. & R. Co's. leases, characteristic graphic logs, and composite graphic logs. End_of_Article - Last_Page 102------------

The West Columbia Oil Field, Brazoria County, Texas

The West Columbia Oil Field, Brazoria County, Texas