West Borneo Research Articles

A Triassic to Jurassic arc in north Borneo: Geochronology, geochemistry, and genesis of the Segama Valley Felsic Intrusions and the Sabah ophiolite

New field, geochemical, and geochronological data from the Segama Valley Felsic Intrusions (SVFI) of Sabah, north Borneo, shows them to be arc-derived tonalites; not windows or partial melts of a crystalline basement beneath Sabah. U-Pb zircon ages date emplacement in the Triassic and Jurassic: 241.1 ± 2.0 Ma, 250.7 ± 1.9 Ma, 178.7 ± 2.4 Ma, and 178.6 ± 1.3 Ma; contemporaneous with peaks in magmatism and detrital zircons in Sarawak and west Kalimantan (west Borneo). Isotopic data for Sr, Nd, and Pb from whole rocks, and for Hf and O from zircon all show mantle and/or MORB affinities indicating a mantle-derived origin. Enrichment of fluid mobile trace elements and trace element ratios indicate that the most likely setting for this is in a continuation of the Sundaland continental arc. There is no evidence in the field, geochemical, or zircon U-Pb data for continental basement in the Segama Valley region.The intrusive nature of the Segama Valley tonalites constrains the emplacement age of their supra-subduction zone host rocks to at least the Triassic. This new data expands the Triassic and Jurassic extent of Borneo and the Sundaland arc, and challenges models of Borneo's development predominantly through allochthonous terrane accretion in the Cretaceous. Instead, we propose a model of protracted autochthonous growth through supra-subduction zone crustal extension and associated magmatism.

Entrepreneurial Orientation for Enhancement of Marketing Performance

The purpose of this research is to fill a research gap in entrepreneurial orientation and marketing performance by using differentiation strategy and network capabilities. The research conducted by involving 135 creative SME categorized in handcraft, fashion, and printing and design in Pontianak, West Borneo, Indonesia. Five hypotheses are being developed and tested. For data analysis this research using statistic software called SEM AMOS 24. The findings of the research, it emphasizes the importance of supported differentiation strategy by entrepreneurial orientation in improving marketing performance. Furthermore, it confirms that network capabilities are a predictor of marketing performance.Keywords: Entrepreneurial orientation, differentiation strategy, Network capability, Marketing performance, Indonesia.JEL Classifications: L26, M31, L14, L25DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/irmm.9670

Implementation of Superior Rubber Seeds Program as A Community Empowerment in the North Kayong District West Borneo

This research has in mind to find out and analyze the government policies namely Minister of Agriculture Regulation Number: 04/Permentan/OT.140/I/2009 concerning Guidelines for Managing Social Assistance Funds for Agriculture. The method used in this research is qualitative, supported by descriptive research. The results showed that the implementation of a superior rubber seeds assistance policy in the North Kayong District was influenced by communications, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structures. The communication that was performed while executing a superior assistance program was not properly performed. Factors affecting resources are the minimum number of field extension officers to advise and assist farmers in the management of superior rubber seeds, no suitable facilities and infrastructures are available yet, in particular fertilizers and medicines, as well as adequate funding and impact on the fulfilment of facilities, infrastructure, and operational field officers. From sources of information, there is a factor that rubber farmers do not have enough information to properly manage seeds' assistance. Disposition of policy implementers has been very good in providing assistance and counseling but the results are not optimal due to the limited number of officials and were not supported with adequate incentives. The bureaucratic structure in implementing the superior rubber seeds assistance program in Rantau Panjang Village, Simpang Hilir District looks good as there is no long-range of controls and the procedure for submitting assistance is not too complicated. The recommendations of this research are increasing the number of field extension workers, increasing the budget allocation for superior rubber seeds assistance programs under the needed, increasing the commitment of officers by providing additional incentives according to workload. The importance of these farmers' self-help so that they have a sense of belonging to this program. Keywords: Implementation, Agricultural Social Assistance DOI: 10.7176/PPAR/10-5-04 Publication date: May 31 st 2020

INVENTARISASI JAMUR MAKROSKOPIS FILUM ASCOMYCOTA DI KAWASAN UNIVERSITAS TANJUNGPURA PONTIANAK KALIMANTAN BARAT

Ascomycota is a microscopic fungi and a fraction of macroscopic, unicellular and multicellular fungi. The research of Ascomycota phylum macroscopic fungi inventory research aims to determine the type macroscopic fungi of Ascomycota phylum members in Tanjungpura University Area, Pontianak, West Borneo. The sample was taken by using Cruise Method and identified by matching morphological characteristics of the specimens with the identification book. Ascomycota identification of macroscopic fungi samples of Ascomycota phylum based on morphological characteristics with the identification books. The results study found have 3 macroscopic fungi species consisting of 2 classes, 2 orders, 2 families, and 2 genera. In addition, Ascomycota found in Tanjungpura University Area, Pontianak, West Borneo, grow mostly on the substrate originated from dead trees.

The impact of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) video as the counseling media towards the impro ement of pregnant mother knowledge in Kubu Raya Regency of West Borneo in 2018

Weight is one of the health indicators on new born babies. New born babies have issuesbecause they are in the transition phase from intrauterine to extra uterine. The provision of information through audiovisual media will be more practical and flexible for the community in improving knowledge. The health counseling media are one of the components of learning process. Video is one of the media which presents information or message in an audiovisual manner. The aim of the research wasto identify the impact of KMC video as a counseling media on the improvement of mothers’ knowledge regarding baby management with Low Birth Weight. Method: This research applied experimental method with quasi experiment design through time series. The research samples were 36 pregnant mothers who lived in facilitated area of Punggur Kecil in Sui Kakap District of Kubu Raya Regency through Purposive Sampling as the sample determination technique. The data analyses employed paired t-test and one sample t-test. There was an improvement from the previous value before and after the counseling with 67,5% (p<0,05) of rate. The KMC video as the counseling media hada significant impact (p<0,05) towards the improvement of knowledge. The application of KMC video as the counseling media had impact on the improvement of mothers’ knowledge regarding baby management with Low Birth Weight.

WHY ARE UNEMPLOYMENT AND POVERTY STILL HAPPENING IN BORNEO ISLAND, INDONESIA?

Efforts to alleviate unemployment and poverty must be done comprehensively, cover various aspects of community life, and be implemented in an integrated manner. The research aims to explain the relationship between variables directly, indirectly, and as a whole, to find out how much influence the minimum wages, education, and inflation rates on unemployment and poverty. The analytical approach through panel analysis based on the panel-common effect in 2015-2019 in 5 regions (West, Central, South, East, and North Borneo Island). Empirical findings state that minimum wages have a negative and significant effect on unemployment, while education has a positive and significant effect on unemployment, and inflation rates have a positive and not significant effect on unemployment. Unemployment has a positive and insignificant effect on poverty. Minimum wages have a negative and insignificant effect on poverty through unemployment, while education and inflation rates are both positive and not significant effects on poverty through unemployment. An increase in the informal sector is needed to reduce unemployment and poverty because the informal sector is the main solution to address this problem.

Natural Dyes Characterization of Local Plants as Acid-Base Indicator

Hanjuang, mangosteen, putat, and tabelian plants are used by people of Lanjak deras Village as natural dyes for woven cloth and food so that they can be used as an alternative substitute synthesis indicators that are limited in a remote area. The purpose of the study is to determine the best type of solvent in extracting the samples, pH range, UV spectrum profiles, precision, and accuracy of the plant's extract as indicator. The sample was the plants that are used by the people of West Borneo as natural dyes, namely putat flower, tebelian stem, mangosteen leave, and hanjuang leave. Each sample was macerated with four types of solvents, namely aquadest, ethanol, methanol, and (1:1) ethanol:methanol, then the extract was testing by pH range. The extracts providing color changes were determined for its UV-Vis spectrum profile, stability, accuracy, and precision. The results showed that ethanol and methanol were suitable for extracting mangosteen leaves, methanol for putat flowers, ethanol for hanjuang leaves, and (1: 1) ethanol:methanol for tebelian stems. Mangosteen leaf extract, putat flower, and tebelian stem gave a pH range of 12-14, while hanjuang leaf extract did not change color. The phytochemical test results and UV spectrum profile of mangosteen leaf extract, putat flower, and tebelian stem indicated the presence of phenolic compounds. The powder and extract solution had high stability. Mangosteen leaf extract, putat flower, and tebelian stem had precision and accuracy with the medium category. These data indicated that mangosteen leaf extract, putat flower, and tebelian stem have potential as indicators of acid-base.

Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Implementation of Control Measures in Ketapang District, West Borneo, Indonesia

Background: Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has emerged as a threat of public health in Indonesia. The utilization of GeneXpert MTB/RIF as a rapid yet effective diagnostic tool enables early and appropriate treatment initiation of MDR-TB. This study aims in describing the occurrence of MDR-TB and the implementation of control measures in Ketapang District, West Borneo, Indonesia, since the utilization of GeneXpert MTB/RIF as a diagnostic tool.
 Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. The data were taken from medical record of patients with MDR-TB in Dr.Agoesdjam District General Hospital. The diagnosis was obtained from PCR-based analysis GeneXpert MTB/RIF of sputum sample, which detected Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to Rifampicin.
 Results: Seventeen subjects were included in the study. Subjects were 8 (47%) male and 9 (53%) female aged 24-75 years. Most subjects are farmers (35.3%) or housewives (35.3%), and did not receive formal education (41.2%). The main symptom reported upon admission was cough (41.2%). Direct microscopic smear of sputum detected acid-fast bacilli of +2 (29.4%) and +1 (29.4%) the most. The most common feature seen in thoracic X-ray was infiltrate in 100% of cases. Four subjects (23.5%) have type II diabetes mellitus, while one subject (5.9%) is infected with HIV. Subjects are categorized into new case (17.6%), failure of category 1 treatment (41.2%), and failure of category 2 treatment (41.2%). Treatment for MDR-TB has been initiated since 2014, while two subjects have not started taking the regimen. Among 15 subjects receiving treatment, one (6.7%) was recovered, 6 (40%) subjects deceased, and 8 (53.3%) subjects are currently still taking the regimen, while conversion occurred in 8 (53.3%) subjects.
 Conclusion: Using the GeneXpert MTB/RIF analysis, 17 cases of MDR-TB have been detected in Ketapang district. Management of MDR-TB has been conducted since 2014.

KOMUNIKASI KONSULTATIF PENYULUH AGAMA ISLAM DI DAERAH PERBATASAN KALIMANTAN BARAT

Religious Intructor is one of the spearheads of the government, especially the Ministry of Religion, to provide guidance and counseling to the community. Islamic Religius Instructors are also a profession that has a significant role in communicating Islamic values ​​to the wider community, especially Muslim communities in border areas that have limited access to urban centers. The person is called an Instructor, both functional, honorary religious counselors and someone who carries out voluntary guidance and counseling (Volunteer) work. In addition, religious counselors are also mentioned by some experts that "Religious Instructors are Attackers, The Lamp in the midst of darkness, that gives enlightenment and teach wisdom to the surrounding community". Based on this statement, it can be described that the Religious Instructor is like a lamp that light in the midst of the great threat and challenge to national morality. According to the Joint Decree of the Indonesian Ministery of Religion and the Head of the State staffing Agency number 574 and 178 of 1999, it states that there are three functions of religious instructors, namely; Informative and educative functions, consultative functions, and advocative functions. Therefore, it is quite interesting to conduct a comprehensive study of how communication is carried out by Islamic Religious Instructors in providing enlightenment and providing Consulative guidance to the development community, including those that occur in border areas, particularly in Sajingan Besar District, Sambas Regency, West Borneo.

Application of geostatistics to complete uranium resources estimation of Rabau Hulu Sector, Kalan, West Kalimantan

Kalan is one of the focus areas for uranium exploration in West Borneo that conducted by BATAN. Situated in the central part of Kalan, previous works in Rabau Hulu Sector consisted of surface geology and radiometric anomaly mapping, trenching, drilling, logging, and conventional uranium resource estimation. Nevertheless, the complete resource estimation of the previous work was still using 2D modeling, and the latest one using 3D modeling is a method-application case study in one orebody. To increase the confidence level and completing the uranium resource estimation of all orebodies in this sector, a geostatistical estimation with 3D orebody modeling using SURPAC mine planning software was conducted in this paper. Gamma-ray log data from 32 drill holes were collected and then interpreted to obtain uranium grade-thickness data. Based on the correlation of grade-thickness data according to surface orebody orientation, the orebody 3D modeling was done. It resulted in 26 orebodies with one control system of lithology as the mineralization only taken place in the quartzite unit. This 3D model then used as a constraint for block model with 4x4x2 m block size and 0.25x0.25x0.125 m minimum block size. Block model calculation was performed using ordinary kriging which generated the kriging efficiency attribute for the determination of the resource category. Within 25 meters searching radius, the calculation resulted in 408, 480 tons of ore, while total uranium resource was 268 tons of uranium with 677 ppm average grade. There were 214 tons of uranium (79%) categorized as measured while the other 54 tons of uranium (21%) categorized as indicated.

Smallholders Oil Palm: Problems and Solutions

Forty percent of the total oil palm plantation area in Indonesia belong to the smallholder palm oil plantations. The productivity of smallholder oil palm plantations is still relatively low, only around 2-3 tons of CPO/ha/year under PBN dan PBS. The aim of this study is to identify internal dan external constraints that cause low productivity of smallholder oil palm dan the recommended solutions. This research was taken in Sanggau dan Sintang Regencies which are the largest areas of smallholder palm oil plantation in West Borneo. Data obtained were analyzed by SWOT. The results showed that there were four main strategies to increase productivity dan solve problems on oil palm plantation in Sanggau dan Sintang Regencies, namely, 1) intensifying technical training of oil palm cultivation to increase the farmers’ knowledge dan capabilities, 2) increasing the role dan ability of farmer institutions both farmer groups dan ‘koperasi’ in establishing cooperation with stakeholders dan in marketing fresh fruit bunch (FFB), 3) escalating the awareness dan understanding of farmers in using digital information technology to support their business activities on oil palm, dan 4) strengthening the government protection against middlemen.

The Effectiveness of Online Simulation with GDL and PBL toward Students’ Digital Literacy Skill

This study aimed to investigate the impact of online simulation in physics learning toward students’ digital literacy skills. There are 106 randomly students Grade XII Science from West Borneo and Riau Province, Indonesia as participants in this study. The level of digital literacy skill of all participants in the classes before and after the learning process was determined to assess the effectiveness of two models with online simulation learning. We used comparative –descriptive, pre-test and post-test experimental design, and Anova Mixed Design to analysis data. The result of this study was: (1) Students’ digital literacy skill of students in two groups initially are at very low level and increased after learning; (2) there was a significant difference in the level of digital literacy skill of the students online simulation with GDL class; (3) in this study, the online simulation with GDL model is more effective than online simulation with PBL model in enhancing students’ digital literacy skill in senior high school. For the conclusion, in this study students’ digital literacy skill in Indonesia is rather below. Model PBL with online simulation is one of the teaching models that can be used in enhancing students’ digital literacy skills.

Evidence-based education: A strategic approach to improving the Human Development Index (HDI) of West Borneo

West Borneo's rank of human development index (HDI), which currently is one of the five ithe lowest position of all of Indonesia, requires attention from all parties. Education, one of the indicators assessed in this HDI, certainly has an important role. Vocational education, which produces skilled and ready-to-work graduates, has a big role in accelerating West Borneo's human development. This article aims to examine the importance of implementing evidence-based education or orginally evidence-based practices (EBPs) especially in vocational education. The implementation of evidence-based education can bridge the gap between the findings of research in the field of education and the practice of education in the field or school. The study in this article is qualitative research, which uses documents as information or data to be analyzed. Findings show that the mapping of the number of vocational education institutions and existing industries was very necessary to conduct. In addition, collaboration between local researchers and academics, the world of industry and local governments has a high urgency to do.

PENGARUH CEKAMAN SALINITAS GARAM NaCl TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN KACANG TUNGGAK (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) PADA TANAH GAMBUT

Vigna unguiculata L. Walp is one of the cultivated plants in West Borneo, usually cultivated on dry land in the dry season and can live on land that is affected by sea water intrusion. High salt levels in the soil can cause crop growth disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine the growth response of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) to the stress of salinity of NaCl. The study was carried out from 2019 to June 2019. Research was carried out using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), which consisted of four treatments namely 0 ppm, 2500 ppm, 5000 ppm and 7500 ppm. The results showed a significant effect on the parameters of plant height, root length, number of leaves and wet weight, but no significant effect on the parameters of dry weight, root nodules and effective nodules.

Factors Influencing Mothers’ Intention to Immunize Children Younger than Five Years of Age in West Borneo: a Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Immunisations for BCG, DTP, Poliomyelitis, Hepatitis, and MMR are compulsory for children under 5 years old in Indonesia and government-provided free services. However, the available records indicated that adherence to the program remains a challenge. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with mothers’ intention to comply with the immunization program, particularly among those who had children of younger than one year old.Methods: The study was conducted through a cross-sectional analysis. Fourty-six mothers self-registered them selves as participants of this study. The data were collected through check-listed interviews, to investigate the correlations between social factors, information factors, attitude toward behaviour, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, and intention to adhere to the compulsory immunization program. The data were then analysed using logistic regression and spearman rank test with significance level of α=0.05.Results: Mothers’ attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and knowledge have significant correlations with the intention in completing the immunisation program for their children (respectively p = 0.009; 0.014; 0.025; 0.038). Their intention positively correlated with adherence to complete the program (p=0,002). However, other factors studied did not correlate either with mothers’ intention to adherence to the program.Conclusion: This study suggests that mothers’ intention is influenced by family members suggestions, indicating that their capacity in decision making was limited and relying to other member. Further investigation is required to unveil the underlying reasons of being non-adherence.

SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI GEOPOLIMER BERBAHAN DASAR KAOLIN CAPKALA DENGAN VARIASI RASIO MOL SiO2/Al2O3

One of the potential raw materials for the preparation of geopolymers is kaolin. In the present report, the used activated kaolin is from Capkala Village in West Borneo. This paper presents an experimental study on the influence of different SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratios on the compressive strength and microstructural characteristics of the Capkala kaolin-based geopolymer. The used Capkala kaolin was a product of the calcination of the source material at 750ºC 2 h. The alkaline activator solutions that were used to activate the activated capkala kaolin precursor were prepared by mixing NaOH solution with Na2SiO3 solution. The activator solution was allowed to equilibrate for a minimum of 24 h at a room temperature before use. The geopolymer was prepared by hand mixing of the Capkala kaolin and the activator solution. Experiments conducted with SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratios of 3.8; 3.9; 4.0; 4.1 and 4.2 for all mixing. The resulting pastes are cast in cylinder molds of 2.3 × 4.6 cm. The pastes hardened 24 h in the forms, at room temperature for 24 h. The geopolymer was dried at 60ºC 2 h. The geopolymer was tested for compressive strength and sample pieces were taken from ones with the highest strength for XRD and SEM. Based on the test was obtained that geopolymer with 3.9 SiO2/Al2O3 ratios has the highest compressive strength that is 2.820 Mpa. The XRD analysis showed the peak at 2θ(º) 26,69o, 20,92o dan 19,77 o. The spectra FTIR of geopolymer showed the absorption at 3289.96 cm-1; 1647.67 cm-1 and 955.65 cm-1. Moreover, there are functional groups absorption for geopolymer such Al-OH stretch vibration (near 900 cm-1), stretch vibration of Si-O and Al-O (600-700 cm-1), Si-O-Al bend vibration (near 500 cm-1). The morphology of the capkala kaolin based geopolymer with SEM has succeeded in changing the kaolin structures in the form of regular slabs to be more irregular due to heating with a temperature of 750ºC.

Factors Influencing Mothers’ Intention to Immunize Children Younger than Five Years of Age in West Borneo: a Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Immunisations for BCG, DTP, Poliomyelitis, Hepatitis, and MMR are compulsory for children under 5 years old in Indonesia and government-provided free services. However, the available records indicated that adherence to the program remains a challenge. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with mothers’ intention to comply with the immunization program, particularly among those who had children of younger than one year old.Methods: The study was conducted through a cross-sectional analysis. Fourty-six mothers self-registered them selves as participants of this study. The data were collected through check-listed interviews, to investigate the correlations between social factors, information factors, attitude toward behaviour, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, and intention to adhere to the compulsory immunization program. The data were then analysed using logistic regression and spearman rank test with significance level of α=0.05.Results: Mothers’ attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and knowledge have significant correlations with the intention in completing the immunisation program for their children (respectively p = 0.009; 0.014; 0.025; 0.038). Their intention positively correlated with adherence to complete the program (p=0,002). However, other factors studied did not correlate either with mothers’ intention to adherence to the program.Conclusion: This study suggests that mothers’ intention is influenced by family members suggestions, indicating that their capacity in decision making was limited and relying to other member. Further investigation is required to unveil the underlying reasons of being non-adherence.

PENILAIAN POTENSI DAYA TARIK BUKIT JAMUR DI DESA BHAKTI MULYA KABUPATEN BENGKAYANG

Bengkayang Regency is one of the regencies in West Borneo Province which has a diversity of resources and natural magnificence, that is Bukit Jamur, nature tourism is one of the activities that utilize the potential of natural resources and environmental management. This study aims to assess the potential of the Bukit Jamur natural tourism magnetism in Belangko, Bhakti Mulya Village, in Bengkayang Regency. The method used in this research is accidental sampling through interview techniques and the tool used for the data collection is questionnaire. The calculation results of the assessment criteria based on the 2003 ODKA ODTWA development standard classification that is the assessment of tourist magnetism, with the score 1004 or (B). This shows the magnetism of Bukit Jamur is potentially being developed as a natural tourist magnetism in Belangko, Bhakti Mulya Village, in Bengkayang Regency.Keywords: Assessment, Bengkayang, Bukit Jamur, ODTWA.

ANALYSIS OF ASSOCIATIVE SOCIAL INTERACTION PROCESSES BETWEEN THE STUDENT COUNCIL IN JUNIOR HIGH

The study aims to determine the associative cooperation between board and accommodation OSIS SMP Islam Ashabul Kahfi Pontianak in West Borneo period 2015-2016. The method used is descriptive with problem solving procedures investigeted by describing or depicting the state of the subject or object of research. In the study sample are seven members of the total board OSIS twenty four members. The analysis showed that the cooperation between board OSIS has worked well for the cooperation ehich is always enhanced by the whole OSIS and coaching are continually done by coach OSIS SMP Islam Ashabul Kahfi Pontianak, although still les than perfect because of several obstacles that accur within board OSIS.

Determinant factors of Indonesian people’s fish purchase intention

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the determinant factors that influence the purchase intention of fish by Indonesians, especially in 14 provinces with low fish consumption rates.Design/methodology/approachThe survey was conducted with a total of 307 respondents in West Sumatra, Jambi, Bengkulu, Lampung, DKI Jakarta, West Java, Central Java, Special Region of Yogyakarta, East Java, Banten, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, East Nusa Tenggara and West Borneo. The factors measured and analyzed are product, individual and environmental characteristics while partial least square is used to analyze the data.FindingsThe factors influencing the purchase intention of fish by Indonesians include product, individual and environmental characteristics. Not surprisingly, environmental characteristics were cited by most respondents.Originality/valueThis is the first study on the factors which influence the purchase of fish by Indonesians, in a country with a high rate of fish production, but a low rate of consumption. Findings are relevant to support the “Gemarikan Program” (Program to Promote Fish Eating) by The Indonesia Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries.