Welsh School Research Articles

A critical strategy for Taiwan’s cybersecurity: a perspective from critical security studies

ABSTRACTThis paper examines Taiwan’s cybersecurity from the perspective of Critical Security Studies (CSS), also known as the Welsh School. It eschews a conventional realist approach to cybersecurity and addresses Taiwan’s state-centric need while attending to considerations of global cybersecurity. It claims that Taiwan’s cybersecurity can be improved without being militarised, zero-sum or confrontational and that one nation’s cybersecurity is not necessarily another’s insecurity.The paper starts by explaining the decision to bring CSS into the question. Informed by CSS, it moves on to understand how cyberwarfare naturally became the dominant discourse of cybersecurity in Taiwan. It next examines the limitations of ‘generally-accepted’ assumptions regarding cyberwarfare. Then, the paper explores the problematic effects of cyberwarfare within Taiwan’s security context. Finally, it proposes a critical strategy to engage Taiwan’s security challenge while avoiding the adverse consequences of implementing cyberwarfare.The paper is a reminder to evaluate Taiwan’s cybersecurity in a contemporary and theoretically-grounded framework.

Time to get SMART

Now that pupils at a bilingual Welsh school have discovered how their behaviours impact on the planet's sustainability they are determined to save energy.

Associations between metabolic syndrome components and markers of inflammation in Welsh school children

We investigated the multivariate dimensionality and strength of the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and inflammation in children. Caucasian school children (N = 229; 12–14 years) from Wales were tested on several health indicators including measures of body composition, inflammation, fasting glucose regulation, blood pressure, and lipids. The multivariate association between MetS and inflammation was investigated via canonical correlation analysis. Data were corrected for non-normality by log transformation, and sex-specific z-scores computed for variables where there was a significant sex difference. Structure r’s were interpreted to determine the dimensions of MetS and inflammation responsible for significant canonical variates. The overall multivariate association between MetS and inflammation was significant (Wilks’ Lambda = 0.54, p < 0.001). The relationship was explained primarily by the waist circumference dimension of MetS (CC = 0.87) and inflammatory markers of fibrinogen (CC = 0.52) and C-reactive protein (CC = 0.50). The pattern of results was similar regardless of whether variables were adjusted for sex differences.Conclusion: Central adiposity is the strongest predictor of the inflammatory aspect of cardiovascular disease risk in Caucasian adolescents. Future research into MetS and cardiometabolic risk should consider multivariate statistical approaches, in order to identify the separate contributions of each dimension in interrelationships and to identify which dimensions are influenced by preventive interventions.What is Known:• Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes. Markers of inflammation are also potential predictors of later development of CVD and type 2 diabetes.• The contribution of individual markers in interrelationships between MetS and inflammation is unknown.What is New:• We uniquely demonstrate that within a multivariate model, waist circumference is the primary link between MetS variables and markers of inflammation in children.• Waist circumference may therefore be a useful population-level screening tool to identify future risk of CVD.

State Security, Societal Security, and Human Security

Generally speaking, the traditional approach of security mainly regards states as a sole referent object of security and refutes any attempt to broaden the concept of security. This understanding is known as a realist approach. This approach, however, has been recently challenged by the Copenhagen School, the Welsh School, and the human security approach. The Copenhagen School assumes that there is now a duality of security: state security and societal security. However, both the Welsh School and the human security school look at individuals as a sole referent object of security. This article critically reviews the traditional approaches of security, the Copenhagen School, the Welsh School, and the human security approach. This article finally argues that the Copenhagen School could successfully broaden the concept of security, and therefore, it is more convincing when compared to other schools.

Children’s use of objects in an early years playground

ABSTRACTEarly childhood research has investigated children’s use of objects largely focusing on cognitive and motor development. Yet members of a particular culture, such as young children’s peer groups, use objects that have cultural relevance as conversational items, as a means to interacting with other members of the group. This article illustrates the role of objects in children’s everyday lives by demonstrating how children orient to objects as a way of approaching an existing group. The findings are taken from a study using conversation analysis (CA) to explore playground interactions between four-year-old children in a Welsh primary school. The analysis reveals that children systematically use objects as access tools to initiate interactions with each other, thereby using immediately available resources – and exploiting the sequential rules of talk – to co-construct the social organisation of the playground.

Re-negotiating ideologies of bilingualism on the margins of education

ABSTRACTThis article reports on an ethnographic study carried out in three interrelated sites: two contrasting secondary schools and a Youth-Club (the principal focus of this article), in an area of southwest Wales. This article highlights the incongruence between the language at home and the language of the school and posits that the relationship between language use at school and in the wider community needs to be problematised and questioned far more than has been done thus far. This study questions whether school-based ideologies and school-based practices are re-negotiated or contested on the margins of education and whether this re-negotiation and contestation plays an important role in whether a young person chooses to use Welsh or English outside of school. It will be argued that recreational spaces, even though loosely connected to schools as institutions, function as more open spaces where institutional ideologies are actively reworked and renegotiated, either through choosing to use English or by mixing and blending different aspects of linguistic resources, or by re-negotiating and questioning which version of Welshness is more valuable, ‘the removed and authentic’ (as seen at the Welsh school) or the ‘new and hybrid’ as seen at the Youth-Club.

History education and the security community building in the Western Balkans: A critical view

Definitional properties of the security community's 'dependable expectations of peaceful change' exist whenever neither side makes further violence unimaginable. School education in the Western Balkans intensifies the thinking that hostility and conflicts are natural and immutable and makes understanding of war as something inevitable and justified. In this article I draw on Pinar Bilgin's claim that unfulfilled potential in terms of knowledge and ideas that already exist in the region could help popularize the cause for a security community and facilitate its creation. By adopting immanent critique, a methodological orientation of the Welsh School, in the analysis of the Balkan Conferences (1930-1933) I demonstrate that factual manipulation of history has historically been frequently adopted by Balkan state elites in their permanent desire to build hegemony around ethno-centrism. It was briefly proposed at the Second and Third Conferences that new history textbooks that would overcome ethnocentrism and deepen the trust between the Balkan populations should be introduced in order to achieve rapprochement. In this article I argue that community-minded emancipatory education which adopts multi-perspective methodology and reflective pedagogy harbor crucial potential for further promotion of sustainable peace, facilitating trust in the Western Balkans and inducing the citizens to think of themselves as belonging to a single region.

‘Familial‘ Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Chris Pepper speaks to Roshaine Gunawardana, Managing Commissioning Editor: Dr Chris Pepper obtained his PhD in Medicinal Chemistry from the Welsh School of Pharmacy (Cardiff, Wales, UK) in 1993. He completed his postdoctoral training in the Department of Pathology at Cardiff University, School of Medicine (Cardiff, Wales, UK) before moving to Llandough Hospital (South Glamorgan, Wales, UK) as a Clinical Scientist in Hematology. He is currently a Reader in Hematology in the Institute of Cancer &amp; Genetics in Cardiff where he runs a successful research team and provides the high-speed cell sorting facility for the University. For the past 18 years, his research career has been focused on chronic lymphocytic leukemia. During this time, he has published over 80 peer-reviewed papers and has been an invited speaker at numerous national and international meetings. His research team is currently addressing basic, translational and clinical questions in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. These include investigations into the mechanisms that underpin the development of disease progression and drug resistance, elucidation of novel biomarkers of prognosis in order to provide superior risk stratification for individual patients, and the development of novel targeted therapeutic agents.

Editor's Foreword

We are delighted to publish this collection of articles on the world of the Paramāra dynasty, edited by Dr Michael Willis FRAS of the British Museum. Between 2006–10 Dr Willis led an Arts and Humanities Research Council-funded project in collaboration with the Department of History at SOAS and the Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff, entitled ‘The Indian Temple: Production, Place and Patronage’. This project examined how Indian temples were designed, built and patronised and explored the social and economic role played by temples in medieval India. The project formed the backdrop for the articles which are brought together in this special issue.

The future of critical security studies: Ethics and the politics of security

‘Critical security studies’ has come to occupy a prominent place within the lexicon of International Relations and security studies over the past two decades. While disagreement exists about the boundaries of this sub-discipline or indeed some of its central commitments, in this article we argue that we can indeed talk about a ‘critical security studies’ project orienting around three central themes. The first is a fundamental critique of traditional (realist) approaches to security; the second is a concern with the politics of security — the question of what security does politically; while the third is with the ethics of security — the question of what progressive practices look like regarding security. We suggest that it is the latter two of these concerns with the politics and ethics of security that ultimately define the ‘critical security studies’ project. Taking the so-called Welsh School and Copenhagen School frameworks as archetypal examples of ‘critical security studies’ (and its limits), in this article we argue that despite its promises, scholarship in this tradition has generally fallen short of providing us with a sophisticated, convincing account of either the politics or the ethics of security. At stake in the failure to provide such an account is the fundamental question of whether we need a ‘critical security studies’ at all.

Across a thick white line: The relationship of a Welsh medium school and a low income neighbourhood in the south Wales valleys

Two of the most important social policy agendas of the Welsh state in the contemporary period are the attempt to revitalize the Welsh language – through the promotion of Welsh medium education, in particular – and the effort to eliminate regional inequality and poverty – most recently, through the government’s Communities First programme. This article recounts the history of a cool and sometimes fractious relationship between a Welsh medium secondary school and a low income, Communities First neighbourhood in the south Wales valleys, in order to highlight some limitations in each of these agendas, and the problems that can arise when these agendas have not been fully integrated. The disconnection between the projects of language revitalization and neighbourhood regeneration may be seen as a local manifestation of a more general split, in Wales as elsewhere today, between what Nancy Fraser calls a ‘politics of recognition’ and a ‘politics of redistribution’.

Uptake of [14C]histamine by tissues of the guinea pig.

Journal Article Uptake of [14C]histamine by tissues of the guinea pig Get access A J Lewis, A J Lewis Welsh School of Pharmacy, UWIST, Cardiff, CF1 3NU, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P J Nicholls P J Nicholls Welsh School of Pharmacy, UWIST, Cardiff, CF1 3NU, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 23, Issue 1, January 1971, Page 66, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1971.tb12784.x Published: 11 May 2011 Article history Received: 28 July 1970 Published: 11 May 2011

Interaction of Hydrocortisone and Hydrocortisone Esters with Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine Monolayers

Journal Article Interaction of Hydrocortisone and Hydrocortisone Esters with Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine Monolayers Get access S E Way, S E Way The Welsh School of Pharmacy, UWCC, P.O. Box 13, Cardiff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J Hadgraft J Hadgraft The Welsh School of Pharmacy, UWCC, P.O. Box 13, Cardiff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 42, Issue Supplement_1, December 1990, Page 87P, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1990.tb14460.x Published: 12 April 2011

The activity of ampicillin against Escherichia coli.

Journal Article The Activity of Ampicillin against Escherichia coli Get access T D Turner, T D Turner Welsh School of Pharmacy, Welsh College of Advanced Technology, Cardiff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A D Russell A D Russell Welsh School of Pharmacy, Welsh College of Advanced Technology, Cardiff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 14, Issue 1, September 1962, Pages 395–396, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1962.tb11115.x Published: 12 April 2011 Article history Received: 25 April 1962 Published: 12 April 2011

The antibacterial action of glycine.

Journal Article The Antibacterial Action of Glycine Get access R V John, R V John The Welsh School of Pharmacy, Welsh College of Advanced Technology, Cardiff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A D Russell A D Russell The Welsh School of Pharmacy, Welsh College of Advanced Technology, Cardiff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 15, Issue 1, September 1963, Pages 346–347, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1963.tb12796.x Published: 12 April 2011 Article history Received: 26 March 1963 Published: 12 April 2011

Trans-Membrane Transfer of Mono-Cationic Technetium Phosphino-Ethane Heart Imaging Agents

Journal Article Trans-Membrane Transfer of Mono-Cationic Technetium Phosphino-Ethane Heart Imaging Agents Get access C M Heard, C M Heard Welsh School of Pharmacy, U.W.C.C., Cardiff, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J Hadgraft, J Hadgraft Welsh School of Pharmacy, U.W.C.C., Cardiff, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J F Burke J F Burke Amersham International plc, Amersham, Bucks, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 42, Issue Supplement_1, December 1990, Page 18P, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1990.tb14391.x Published: 12 April 2011

Proceedings: Methicillin-induced lysis of some methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus.

Journal Article Methicillin-induced lysis of some methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus Get access G N Vernon, G N Vernon Welsh School of Pharmacy, University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology, Cathays Park, Cardiff, Wales, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A D Russell A D Russell Welsh School of Pharmacy, University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology, Cathays Park, Cardiff, Wales, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 26, Issue Supplement_1, December 1974, Page 102P, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1974.tb10131.x Published: 12 April 2011

The Effect of Machine Speed on the Compaction of Some Directly Compressible Tablet Diluents

Journal Article The Effect of Machine Speed on the Compaction of Some Directly Compressible Tablet Diluents Get access N Anthony Armstrong, N Anthony Armstrong Welsh School of Pharmacy, UWIST, Cardiff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Lynn P Blundell Lynn P Blundell Welsh School of Pharmacy, UWIST, Cardiff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 37, Issue Supplement_12, December 1985, Page 28P, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1985.tb14100.x Published: 12 April 2011

Cromoglycate Absorption from Rabbit Lung After Administration of A Dextran Conjugate

Journal Article Cromoglycate Absorption from Rabbit Lung After Administration of A Dextran Conjugate Get access Anwen S Williams, Anwen S Williams Welsh School of Pharmacy, UWCC, PO Box 13, Cardiff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Glyn Taylor Glyn Taylor Welsh School of Pharmacy, UWCC, PO Box 13, Cardiff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 42, Issue Supplement_1, December 1990, Page 14P, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1990.tb14387.x Published: 12 April 2011

The extraction and estimation of histamine from Gossypium species.

Journal Article The extraction and estimation of histamine from Gossypium species Get access SUSAN GREENSMITH, SUSAN GREENSMITH Pharmacognosy Group, Welsh School of Pharmacy, U.W.I.S.T., Cardiff, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar TERENCE D TURNER TERENCE D TURNER Pharmacognosy Group, Welsh School of Pharmacy, U.W.I.S.T., Cardiff, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 23, Issue Supplement_1, December 1971, Pages 229S–230S, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1971.tb08813.x Published: 12 April 2011