Well-known Objects Research Articles

Acceleration of high energy protons in AGN relativistic jets

In this paper, we investigate the acceleration in relativistic jets of high-energy proton preaccelerated in the magnetosphere of a supermassive black hole. The proton reaches maximum energy when passing the total potential difference of $U$ between the jet axis and its periphery. This voltage is created by a rotating black hole and transmitted along magnetic field lines into the jet. It is shown that the trajectories of proton in the jet are divided into three groups: untrapped, trapped and not accelerated. Untrapped particles are not kept by poloidal and toroidal magnetic fields inside the jet, so they escape out the jet and their energy is equal to the maximum value, $eU$. Trapped protons are moving along the jet with oscillations in the radial direction. Their energy varies around the value of $0.74 eU$. In a strong magnetic field protons preaccelerated in the magnetosphere are pressed to the jet axis and practically are not accelerated in the jet. The work defines acceleration regimes for a range of the most well-known AGN objects with relativistic jets and for the microquasar SS433.

Factors to Increase Tourist Loyalty in North Sumatera

North Sumatra Province is an area that has several attractions, both natural and cultural attractions. Some well-known tourist objects from abroad to foreign countries such as Lake Toba, and Mount Lawang with Sumateran orangutans. While is one of the gateways to reach tourist destinations in North Sumatra Province, including the city that has the Maimun City Palace and the Great Mosque that represents the history of the continuity of the Malay Kingdom, the Tjong A Fie House and the colonial colonial buildings that have talked about for years. This study aims to analyze and determine how to encourage tourists, destination images, and tourist satisfaction with tourist loyalty in North Sumatra Province. This research uses quantitative methods with data analysis methods. Multiple linear regression because it is based on two or more independent variables on variables, after that the data processing technique uses SPSS version 22 as a tool. This study found that the results consisted only of motivation variables which did not have a significant effect, while other variables had a significant effect on tourist loyalty. The results showed that the independent variables consisted of motivation variables (X1), destination image variables (X2), and satisfaction (X3) positively and significantly towards the variables supported by tourist loyalty (Y) visiting the tourist area of North Sumatra Province. This study obtained results consisting of the majority of visitors consisting of students aged 17 to 25 years. Lake Toba, Bukit Lawang, and Berastagi are the dominant mainstay sectors, and the level of tourist visits to the Province of North Sumatra is still categorized as low.

On existence of Two Classes of Generalized Howell Designs with Block Size Three and Index Two

Let $$t, k, {\lambda }, s$$ and v be nonnegative integers, and let X be a set of v symbols. A generalized Howell design, denoted t-GHD $$_k (s, v; {\lambda })$$ , is an $$s \times s$$ array, each cell of which is either empty or contains a k-set of symbols from X, called a block, such that: (i) each symbol appears exactly once in each row and in each column (i.e. each row and column is a resolution of X); (ii) no t-subset of elements from X appears in more than $${\lambda }$$ cells. A generalized Howell design is a class of doubly resolvable designs , which generalize a number of well-known objects. Particular instances of the parameters correspond to generalized Howell designs are doubly resolvable group divisible designs (DRGDDs). In this paper, we concentrate on the case that $$t=2,k=3$$ and $${\lambda }= 2$$ , and simply write GHD(s, v; 2). The spectrum of GHD $$(3n-3,3n;2)$$ ’s and GHD $$(6n-6,6n;2)$$ ’s is completely established by solving the existence of (3, 2)-DRGDDs of types $$3^n$$ and $$6^n$$ . At the same time, we also survey rummage the existence of GHD $$_4(n,4n;1)$$ ’s. As their applications, several new classes of multiply constant-weight codes are obtained.

Induced Triangular Norms and Negations on Bounded Lattices

Some relevant notions in fuzzy set theory are those of triangular-(t)- norm, t-conorm, and negation, which provide a systematic way of defining set-theoretic operations, or, from other point of view, logical connectives. For instance, the majority of fuzzy implications are directly derived from these operators, so they play a prominent role in fuzzy control theory or in approximate reasoning. This incites the search of suitable t-norms, t-conorms, and negations for solving each specific problem. In this article, we propose a procedure, that we call induction, for designing them on spaces of lattice-valued maps. Concretely, for each family of operators (t-norms, t-conorms, or negations) indexed in the domain set, we may induce an operator of the same kind, so that our method offers a great flexibility in the design task. It may be applied to well-known fuzzy objects as interval-valued or type-2 fuzzy sets. Nevertheless, the theory is formally developed for arbitrary bounded lattices.

Prior Experience Alters the Appearance of Blurry Object Borders

Object memories activated by borders serve as priors for figure assignment: figures are more likely to be perceived on the side of a border where a well-known object is sketched. Do object memories also affect the appearance of object borders? Memories represent past experience with objects; memories of well-known objects include many with sharp borders because they are often fixated. We investigated whether object memories affect appearance by testing whether blurry borders appear sharper when they are contours of well-known objects versus matched novel objects. Participants viewed blurry versions of one familiar and one novel stimulus simultaneously for 180 ms; then made comparative (Exp. 1) or equality judgments regarding perceived blur (Exps. 2–4). For equivalent levels of blur, the borders of well-known objects appeared sharper than those of novel objects. These results extend evidence for the influence of past experience to object appearance, consistent with dynamic interactive models of perception.

Study of charged stellar models in f(𝒢) gravity with Tolman–Kuchowicz space–time

In the context of modified [Formula: see text] gravity model, the current study highlights the effect of electric charge for static spherically symmetric stellar models in presence of anisotropic matter distribution. For this purpose, we specifically consider the metric potentials of Tolman–Kuchowicz space–time, which are singularity free and satisfy the stability criteria. The possible existence of charge and a strong electric field, inside the stars is due to the higher values of energy density of matter, pressure distribution and gravitational fields. For the solution of Einstein–Maxwell field equations, the simplified phenomenological MIT bag equation of state, i.e. [Formula: see text] and a specific form of electrical charge distribution [Formula: see text] are to be considered. Further, to derive the values of unknown parameters of the stellar objects, we match interior Tolman–Kuchowicz space–time to exterior Reissner–Nordström metric, at the surface of stellar system. In addition to this, for the physical validity and stability of our suggested model, we conduct several physical tests such as effective energy density, effective pressures, energy conditions, stability against equilibrium of the forces, mass-radius relation, surface redshift, Herrera’s cracking concept and electric charge for well-known compact stellar objects viz., SAX J 1808.4-3658 and PSR 1937+21. It is observed that all these tests follow the physically accepted pattern and the influence of charge leads to more stable and viable stellar structures of compact objects in [Formula: see text] gravity.

From ℋ∞ to 𝒩. Pointwise properties and algebraic structure in the Nevanlinna class

Abstract This survey shows how, for the Nevanlinna class 𝒩 of the unit disc, one can define and often characterize the analogues of well-known objects and properties related to the algebra of bounded analytic functions ℋ∞: interpolating sequences, Corona theorem, sets of determination, stable rank, as well as the more recent notions of Weak Embedding Property and threshold of invertibility for quotient algebras. The general rule we observe is that a given result for ℋ∞ can be transposed to 𝒩 by replacing uniform bounds by a suitable control by positive harmonic functions. We show several instances where this rule applies, as well as some exceptions. We also briefly discuss the situation for the related Smirnov class.

Multidimensional scaling analysis of the solar system objects

In this paper, we analyse the attributes of some well-known objects in the solar system using clustering methods. Objects such as planets (with/without an estimate of Planet Nine), dwarf planets and some candidates for dwarf planets are considered. Different distances such as the Canberra, Jaccard, Lorentzian and Manhattan are adopted to calculate the relations between all objects based on their characteristics. The high dimensional information can thus be represented in a smaller number of dimensions via the maps generated by the hierarchical clustering and multidimensional scaling. The numerical measures and the computational tools allow the visualization of the solar system objects in a locus reflecting their characteristics.

LET US NOW PRAISE FAMOUS GUITARS: PERSONA AND THE MATERIAL DISPLAYS OF POPULAR MUSIC MUSEUMS

The study of popular music museums has expanded greatly in the past decade or so. The numerous studies produced so far have largely focused on issues to do with tourism, heritage, and curatorship. Most analysis has attempted to gauge the effectiveness and degree of success of the various methods of constructing and displaying collections of sounds, objects, and ideas. One area that can be of interest in moving beyond these analyses of museum practice is to examine how larger ideologies of artistry and artists that pervade the celebrity personas so assiduously built around famous musicians are an important foundation for these museums’ displays. There are two reasons for the value of this approach. First, it should be clear that most exhibits in popular music museums are built to enhance, not contest already-existing images, historical narratives, and genre-defining attributes that surround well-known musicians. Therefore, it is not possible to understand these institutions without some sense of how they work with musician personas that necessarily precede any presentation in museum exhibitions. Second, we can see this dynamic in extraordinarily concise forms when we examine some of the ‘famous objects’ these museums display. We can often see an entire complex of received ideas about an artist encapsulated in just a few well-known objects they once possessed. From this I will suggest that the personas of famous musicians that appear in most popular music museums do so through varied amalgams of symbolic and material forms meant to stabilise or enhance already-existing ideas about canonically-validated ‘great’ artists.

Soziale Netzwerkanalysen zum mittelhochdeutschen Artusroman oder: Vorgreiflicher Versuch, Märchenhaftigkeit des Erzählens zu messen

Abstract This article discusses the question of how complex the narrations of Arthurian romances are by comparing them to the ‘simple form’ of fairy tales. In order to achieve this, we identify properties of the European folktale, which we then compare with an Arthurian text corpus consisting of Hartmann von Aue’s ‘Erec’ and ‘Iwein’ as well as Wolfram von Eschenbach’s ‘Parzival’. The typological investigation is carried out using data-driven methods, primarily Social Network Analysis, and focuses on various aspects of characters. By doing this, we gain an in-depth understanding of the relationships between Arthurian romances and fairy tales and of the differences within the genre of the Arthurian romance itself. We show that the results of statistical analysis refuse clear interpretation, thus providing new insights into the well-known objects.

Bringing Pilgrimage Home: The Production, Iconography, and Domestic Use of Late-Medieval Devotional Objects by Ordinary People

Tracing the devotional beliefs and practices of everyday people during the late Middle Ages through documents is tricky, as most were written with other purposes in mind. To make up for this, it is necessary to examine the abundant material culture that survives from this period. By analyzing a variety of finds and comparing them with well-known objects used by the upper classes, it becomes evident that ordinary people shared the same religious views and practices. Both classes were interested in pieces that inspired active devotional and amuletic practice. They were intended to be gazed at and handled, then rested on a tabletop or nailed to a wall. Some folded, some rang, some could be blown through, while others were gazed upon. Lower quality materials and production of pieces had no impact on their ultimate use in the home.

On approximate diagonalization of third order symmetric tensors by orthogonal transformations

In this paper, we study the approximate orthogonal diagonalization problem of third order symmetric tensors. We define several classes of approximately diagonal tensors, including the ones corresponding to the stationary points of this problem. We study the relationships between these classes, and other well-known objects, such as tensor Z-eigenvalue and Z-eigenvector. We also prove results on convergence of the cyclic Jacobi (or Jacobi CoM2) algorithm.

Peculiarities of difficulties at the stage of abridged recording of arithmetic tasks by younger schoolchildren with severe speech disorders

Peculiarities of difficulties at the stage of abridged recording of arithmetic tasks by younger schoolchildren with severe speech disorders

Semantic category priming from the groundside of objects shown in nontarget locations and at unpredictable times.

Previous research demonstrated that familiar objects that are suggested, but not consciously perceived, on the groundside of the contours of a figure activate their semantic category during perceptual organization, at least when the figure appears at fixation at an expected time. Here, we investigate whether evidence for such semantic activation extends to stimuli presented at unpredictable times in peripheral locations. Participants categorized words shown centrally as denoting natural or artificial objects (Experiments 1 and 2a) or positive or negative concepts (Experiment 2b). Prior to the word, two distractor silhouettes appeared above and below fixation; both depicted novel figures. On experimental trials, portions of well-known (familiar) objects were suggested on the groundside of the borders of one (Experiment 1) or both (Experiment 2a and 2b) silhouettes. In Experiment 1, reaction times were slower when targets words were preceded by experimental distractor silhouettes regardless of whether the object suggested on the groundside of their borders was in the same or a different category as the object denoted by the word. Overall slowing may have occurred because (a) semantic category access by objects suggested on the groundside of experimental distractor silhouettes was sufficient to require filtering but not category-specific priming, (b) more competition for object status slowed processing of experimental compared to control silhouettes, or (c) featural differences increased the difficulty of processing the experimental versus the control silhouettes. The use of two identical experimental silhouettes in Experiment 2a allowed a semantic category priming effect to emerge, showing that the categories of objects suggested on the groundside of silhouette borders can be activated at unpredictable times in nontarget locations and in more than one location of the visual field. Experiment 2a suggested that (a) better explains the results of Experiment 1 than (b and c). Experiment 2b further ruled out explanations (b and c) as reasons for the Experiment 1 results by showing that the same pattern is not obtained when the semantic category of the objects suggested on the groundside of the experimental silhouettes borders is not task-relevant and does not require filtering. Thus, spatial prime-target congruence and temporal certainty are not necessary for priming by objects suggested on the groundside of figures. Implications for our understanding of the complex processes involved in perceptual organization are considered.

Exponential models by Orlicz spaces and applications

AbstractThe geometric structure of the nonparametric statistical model of all positive densities connected by an open exponential arc and its intimate relation to Orlicz spaces give new insights to well-known financial objects which arise in exponential utility maximization problems.

The Directions of FinTech Development in Russia: Expert Opinion of the Financial University

The active digitalization of the life of modern society observed over the past 20 years has led to real changes in the economy. The financial sector is at the heart of a digital transformation that has been spearheaded by FinTech, which is now shaping a new segment of modern financial markets. At the same time, the most wellknown objects of FinTech are cryptocurrency and token. Cryptocurrencies, regardless of the attitude of regulatory authorities to them, have become a virtual reality of the financial sector and are actively used to pay for goods and services. The peculiarity of cryptocurrencies is its anonymity and unaccountability of the state that defines a range of risks to society and the state. However, cryptocurrencies, along with risks, create opportunities — from the development of innovative technologies to the creation of new jobs and replenishment of the national budget. The penetration of FinTech into the financial market segments traditionally occupied by banks gave rise to a discussion about their future. However, it will probably not be the displacement of the banks but their FinTech transformation. An example of this is the payment industry, which has become one of the main consumers of the latest financial technologies and provides a wide range of opportunities for FinTech companies to develop. An important element of FinTech is RegTech (Regulatory Technology), which allows companies to bypass trade barriers and helps build a constructive dialogue with regulators. In turn, SupTech (Supervision Technology) is used for analysis and forecasting purposes. At the end of the article, based on the analysis of foreign experience, we formulated the main approaches, the implementation of which allows states to stimulate the introduction and development of new financial technologies, as well as we analysed the experience of interstate coordination of cooperation in the field of financial technologies in the EU and the EAEU countries.

The role of shocks in the determination of empirical abundances for type-I PNe

AbstractWe investigate, in the light of new diagnostic diagrams, the role of shocks in the ionization profile of type-I planetary nebulae, and their relation to the empirical derivation of chemical abundances. We apply our technique to two well-known type-I objects: NGC 2440 and NGC 6302. Our results indicate that shocks play a very important role in the spectra of both nebulae and, since the presence of shocks reinforces the flux of low ionization lines, this artificial reinforcement can lead to incorrect chemical abundances, when they are derived through Ionization Correction Factors, at least for type-I PNe.

TYPOLOGY OF SEMANTIC FIELDS OF COMPARISON FOR THE OBJECT VALUE (on the material of D. Keshelia's novel collage “Rodaky”)

Introduction. Artistic comparison is one of the most expressive trails, and it is oftenused by word masters to depict the appearance of characters, their way of thinking, peculiaritiesof speech, behavior, and others like that. Classical comparison has a three-component structure,which includes: 1) the subject of comparison; 2) the object of comparison; 3) a sign on the basisof which there is a comparison of objects. It is the object of comparison and the characteristicby which the unknown and well-known objects are compare are the most important componentsby which the writer manages to bring to the reader a certain emotion – sympathy, neglect,compassion, fear, laughter, etc.The purpose of this article is to distinguish the semantic fields (hereinafter SF) of thecomparative constructions used by the writer D. Keshelia in his novel Collage of the elementsof the national life of “Rodaky”, in terms of the object of comparison.Research methods. The continuous sampling method was used to collect actual material;the method of classification and systematization for referring the material to the correspondinglexical-thematic groups hereinafter LSG)), and the method of quantitative calculations was usedto detect the frequency of objects of comparison of a particular semantics.Research results. The analysis of the actual material (without taking into accountthe grammatical structure of the comparative construction) allowed to distinguish accordingto the value of the object of comparison such SP: “man”, “living nature”, “immortal nature”,“objects created by man”, “time”, “abstractness” , “Mythical names”.Conclusion. The best represented in the novel by D. Keshelia “Rodaky” from the pointof view of the object of comparison is SF “man”. This field is represent by 136 names that canbe attribute to five such LSGs: 1) persons; 2) body parts names; 3) the names of famous historicpersons; 4) names of persons – characters of the Bible; 5) the names of groups of people. Slightlyinferior to the number of items of comparison objects SF “wildlife”. It is make up of 124 titles,which refer to five such LSGs: 1) plant names; 2) names of animals and birds; 3) the names of insects. SF “items created by a person” is represent by 65 nominations, classified as such LSG:1) households; 2) the names of the transport, its parts, devices related to the regulation of trafficand the names of agricultural machinery; 3) the names of parts of buildings and materials.SF “Inanimate Nature” is represent by 32 names, which are divide among such LSG: 1) namesof substances and materials; 2) the names of the phenomena of nature; 3) locations; 4) cosmic;5) names of water objects. The least commonly used objects of comparison are the SF “abstract”,implemented by 11 examples of use, SF “mythical names”, also represented by 10 names, and SF“time”, formed by six tokens.

Temporal properties of amodal completion: Influences of knowledge

We studied the influence of knowledge in the interpretation of partly occluded objects. In the past decades, amodal completion has often been studied by using abstract, meaningless outlines of rather stylistic, geometric shapes. It has been recognized that smooth continuation of partly occluded contours behind an occluding surface is a strong completion tendency. In the current study we contrast this structurally driven completion tendency with knowledge driven tendencies. We used a set of partly occluded well-known objects for which structure-based completions and knowledge-based completions resulted in either the same or different interpretations. We adopted the behavioural primed matching paradigm to measure differential priming effects due to these completion tendencies. Our results implied differential temporal properties for structure-based and knowledge-based effects during perception of partly occluded objects. Interestingly, knowledge has an influence as early as 150 ms after the onset of the prime.

Changing Deep-Rooted Implicit Evaluation in the Blink of an Eye: Negative Verbal Information Shifts Automatic Liking of Gandhi

It is often assumed that, once established, spontaneous or implicit evaluations are resistant to immediate change. Recent research contradicts this theoretical stance, showing that a person’s implicit evaluations of an attitude object can be changed rapidly in the face of new counterattitudinal information. Importantly, it remains unknown whether such changes can also occur for deep-rooted implicit evaluations of well-known attitude objects. We address this question by examining whether the acquisition of negative information changes implicit evaluations of a well-known positive historic figure: Mahatma Gandhi. We report three experiments showing rapid changes in implicit evaluations of Gandhi as measured with an affect misattribution procedure and evaluative priming task but not with an implicit association test (IAT). These findings suggest that implicit evaluations based on deep-rooted representations are subjective to rapid changes in the face of expectancy-violating information while pointing to limitations of the IAT for assessing such changes.