Well-being Of Local Communities Research Articles

Traditional uses of wild and tended plants in maintaining ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes of the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa

BackgroundMany communities in developing countries rely on ecosystem services (ESs) associated with wild and cultivated plant species. Plant resources provide numerous ESs and goods that support human well-being and survival. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize wild and tended plant species, and also investigate how local communities in the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa perceive ESs associated with plant resources.MethodsThe study was conducted in six local municipalities in the Eastern Cape Province, between March 2016 and September 2021. Data on socio-economic characteristics of the participants, useful plants harvested from the wild and managed in home gardens were documented by means of questionnaires, observation and guided field walks with 196 participants. The ESs were identified using a free listing technique.ResultsA total of 163 plant species were recorded which provided 26 cultural, regulating and provisioning ESs. Provisioning ESs were the most cited with at least 25 plant species contributing towards generation of cash income, food, traditional and ethnoveterinary medicines. Important species recorded in this study with relative frequency of citation (RFC) values > 0.3 included Alepidea amatymbica, Allium cepa, Aloe ferox, Artemisia afra, Brassica oleracea, Capsicum annuum, Cucurbita moschata, Hypoxis hemerocallidea, Opuntia ficus-indica, Spinacia oleracea, Vachellia karroo and Zea mays.ConclusionResults of this study highlight the importance of plant resources to the well-being of local communities in the Eastern Cape within the context of provision of essential direct and indirect ESs such as food, medicinal products, construction materials, fodder, regulating, supporting and cultural services. The ESs are the basis for subsistence livelihoods in rural areas, particularly in developing countries such as South Africa. Therefore, such body of knowledge can be used as baseline data for provision of local support for natural resource management initiatives in the province and other areas of the country.

User willingness to pay for natural resource conservation at Bach Long Vy Island, Vietnam

Tourism development plays a crucial role in creating employment, boosting the revenue of the economy, supporting to improve the living standard. While tourism provides many opportunities to improve the well-being of local communities, the expansion of tourism needs to be effectively managed to avoid the degradation of natural capital. Assessing resource awareness and use behavior is an effective way to determine the public’s commitment to natural resource conservation and restoration in protected areas. The research was performed in Bach Long Vy Island (BLVI) in Hai Phong city, Viet Nam which is the first National Marine protected area designated by the Vietnamese Government. The aim of this study was to estimate tourists’ Willingness to pay (WTP) for natural resource conservation at BLVI through using Contingent valuation method (CVM) with the single-bounded dichotomous choice technique and the random utility model. We estimate the average visitor WTP is VND 153 370 per year (approx. US$6.58), while the aggregate WTP of tourists for the environmental conservation is VND 7.67 million per year (approx. US$32 900) (currency conversions taken as the average rate in September 2020; US$1 to VND 23280). The calculated results show that income and gender factors have significant effects visitors WTP whereas age and education have opposite effects. The outcomes of this research demonstrate the potential tourism value of this island due to the natural amenities and high biodiversity, particularly originating from its marine ecosystems. This result provides valuable scientific information for decision makers and local authorities and should be useful in establishing strategies to prevent the deterioration of ecosystems at BLVI (e.g., an environmental charge or entrance fee), thus contributing to sustainable tourism development.

A high conservation value analysis of ecotourism areas: A case study in Tanah Laut, South Kalimantan, Indonesia

Ecotourism is responsible travel to conserve the environment, reduce negative impacts on the environment and improve the welfare of local communities. Ecotourism is not just an ordinary tourist activity, but a combination of various interests that grow out of concern for the environment and cannot be separated from conservation values. This study aims to analyze the high conservation value of ecotourism areas. Data analysis using general guidelines for the identification of high conservation values by direct observation in the field, interviews, filling out questionnaires, and the stages of activities carried out include landscape, fauna aspect assessment, flora aspect assessment, social, economic, and cultural aspect assessment, criteria and sub-criteria assessment conservation. The results showed conservation assessment in each ecotourism area has various criteria depending on the physical condition of the area and the designation/function of the area for the life of flora and fauna as well as to meet the needs of the community. The conservation assessment of ecotourism areas in Tanah Laut Regency is included in the criteria for HCV 2, HCV 4, HCV 5, and HCV 6, which are classified as areas that have natural species, areas that are important as water providers, erosion, and flood control, areas that are important for meeting needs local communities and areas that are important for the cultural identity of local communities.

Unravelling links between squid catch variations and biophysical mechanisms in South African waters

Using satellite observations, this study uncovers the biophysical drivers of the lucrative chokka squid fishery in South Africa over the last two decades (1998–2017) and addresses their potential links with low squid catches. Chokka squid fishing is crucial to the economic wellbeing of local communities. However, the squid biomass is prone to considerable fluctuations, including abrupt declines with negative socio-economic impacts. We show that the squid catch is significantly and positively correlated with satellite-derived chlorophyll-a (Chl-a, an index of phytoplankton biomass) from year to year in South African coastal waters. Two main phytoplankton blooms are observed to occur seasonally in the austral spring and autumn, peaking in October and April, respectively. From October to April, phytoplankton abundance is influenced by the occurrence of wind-driven upwelling over the South African west coast (southern Benguela) and the central Agulhas Bank (so-called Cold Ridge upwelling), while the surface currents appear more important for shelf edge processes and advection along the Cold Ridge on shorter timescales. Low squid catches are observed in 2001 and 2013 and linked to declines in Chl-a induced by weak winds and relaxed negative wind stress curl over the southwest coast in 2001, and over the southwest coast and the central Agulhas Bank in 2013. Phytoplankton phenology (bloom timing) analysis reveals absent, or shorter and delayed blooms, over the Benguela upwelling region in 2001 and both the Benguela and Cold Ridge upwelling areas in 2013. In contrast, the high catch years of 2004 and 2009, associated with elevated Chl-a, coincide with early and/or prolonged seasonal blooms. These are induced by strong winds over the Benguela upwelling and Cold Ridge areas in 2004, and by intensified negative wind stress curl over the Benguela upwelling area in 2009. These results show that the squid catch fluctuations are potentially predictable and could support policymakers seeking to improve their planning of adaptation strategies and risk mitigation.

Rebuilding the Glory of Nias through Tourism

The purpose of this activity is to raise the spirit of the government ranks and the entire community of West Nias in accelerating development. West Nias Regency has complex development problems. West Nias Regency is a 3T region (outermost, remote, underdeveloped). Yet history records that in the 1940s Nias was a prosperous region. In 1953 Soekarno came to Nias Island to thank him because Nias Island and Aceh had financed negotiations with other countries to maintain independence. Currently, in the outermost small island in West Nias Regency, there are several foreign businessmen managing tourism businesses which are marketed throughout the world but do not provide income for Regional Original Income (PAD) and local community welfare. The implementation method is through a hybrid, namely offline and online zoom meetings. The delivery method uses rhetoric based on the exposure of field data, social media and history. The partner of this activity is the Committee for the 6th Anniversary of the Indonesian West Nias Community Association (PMNBI). The results of the activities obtained are the emergence of enthusiasm and awareness of the development potentials of West Nias which can be processed for the development of West Nias Regency in the future. At the end of the activity, an agreement was also reached with the West Nias Regency Government represented by the Deputy Regent of West Nias and PMNBI represented by the PMNBI Chair to jointly send a letter of request for a hearing with the Deputy for Regional Development of Bappenas and the formation of a Special Economic Zone study team.

Tourism Development Strategy Based On Local Wisdom In Improving The Welfare Of Local Communities

This study aims to formulate a tourism development strategy based on local wisdom in improving the welfare of local communities in the Districts of North Mollo, Central Mollo, South Mollo, and Fatumnasi, South Central Timor Regency, NTT Province. This research is a quantitative descriptive study using questionnaires, observation and documentation as data collection methods. The analytical tool is a SWOT analysis in order to find out internal and external factors that will be strengths and weaknesses as well as opportunities and threats in the development of tourism based on local wisdom. Research respondents consisted of visitors to tourism sites, village officials and local residents in the tourist areas of North Mollo, Central Mollo, South Mollo, and Fatumnasi. The results show that the sub-districts of North Mollo, Central Mollo, South Mollo, and Fatumnasi have internal and external tourism potential, namely local wisdom in the form of beautiful nature and fresh air as well as serving local agricultural products and local home industry products which are processed professionally through MSMEs. -MSMEs that have local characteristics that cannot be obtained by visitors in other areas. This is a differentiating factor with other tourist sites in NTT.

Tourism Development Strategy Based On Local Wisdom In Improving The Welfare Of Local Communities

This study aims to formulate a tourism development strategy based on local wisdom in improving the welfare of local communities in the Districts of North Mollo, Central Mollo, South Mollo, and Fatumnasi, South Central Timor Regency, NTT Province. This research is a quantitative descriptive study using questionnaires, observation and documentation as data collection methods. The analytical tool is a SWOT analysis in order to find out internal and external factors that will be strengths and weaknesses as well as opportunities and threats in the development of tourism based on local wisdom. Research respondents consisted of visitors to tourism sites, village officials and local residents in the tourist areas of North Mollo, Central Mollo, South Mollo, and Fatumnasi. The results show that the sub-districts of North Mollo, Central Mollo, South Mollo, and Fatumnasi have internal and external tourism potential, namely local wisdom in the form of beautiful nature and fresh air as well as serving local agricultural products and local home industry products which are processed professionally through MSMEs. -MSMEs that have local characteristics that cannot be obtained by visitors in other areas. This is a differentiating factor with other tourist sites in NTT.

Ecotourism Development to Grow the Social Economy and the Welfare of Local Communities in the Indonesia-Malaysia Border Region

Ecotourism is a nature tourism activity that influences the condition of the natural environment. The study on Ecotourism Development to Grow the Social Economy and the Welfare of Local Communities in the Indonesia-Malaysia Border Region, in this case in Sajingan Besar Sub-District, Sambas Regency which aims to optimize the potential of the region in Sajingan Sub-District. This study used a mixed-method approach were quantitative confirmed qualitative. Then, it can be summarized that the Riam Merasap, Riam Cagat and Riam Sunge Banokng tourism destination in Kaliau and Sebunga Village is important to be developed to grow the social economy and the welfare of local communities in the Indonesia-Malaysia border region. The point is that based on the analysis of the potential of Riam Merasap, Riam Cagat, and Riam Sunge Banokng, it gives the results of an assessment that its potential is very good so that it can be developed into a water resource tourism destination with a variety of multifunction. In the social economy aspect, it can open investment opportunities, open up employment opportunities for the local people who are averagely poor, and open isolation with the increase in infrastructure. Moreover, according to (Pemerintah RI, 2014) concern on the Village Autonomy in managing and carrying out the existing natural resources and the development of village-owned enterprises as a means of increasing the income of communities.

Impact of overtourism on sustainable development and local community wellbeing in the Himalayan region

Globally, key tourist destinations are facing the challenges of overtourism. In recent times, with modern technology and the establishment of affordable airlines has given a boast to mass tourism, the unrestrained demand has a negative impact on tourist spots and local communities. This paper adds to the literature by presenting a comprehensive model and an empirical framework to better understand the environmental challenges due to rapid growth of tourism in the Himalayan region over the short span and explains how locals are dealing to overcome these challenges. An exploratory research design was carried to achieve the research objectives empirically to understand the perception of local resident towards overtourism and the impact of tourism on environment. In recent past Ladakh is experiencing global warming in the form of rising temperature, lesser snowfall, strain on water resources, etc. Results validate that local community are concerned about the negative impact of overtourism and systematic efforts and policy formulation is required to protect the fragile ecosystem of Ladakh.

Existence Pilgrim Kawi’s: Sustainable Rural Tourism Approach for Sumbertempur

Sumbertempur Lor that has potential natural resources that are used for food needs and as a natural and religious tourism object. This rural has the develop both in terms of infrastructure basic and other facilities. The structure or economic level of the Sumbertempur village community affects the dynamics of the development of community civilization. Community Based Tourism as a tourism village development concept by involving and placing local communities who have the authority to manage and develop their own areas to improve the welfare of local communities and the sustainability of local culture and natural resources. This study provides recommendations for the development and management of the Sumbertempur tourism village using the Community Based Tourism (CBT) concept approach. This research uses qualitative analysis method with RRA technique. The results of the research are then used as input for the development and management of the Sumbertempur tourist area which is a strategy for developing and managing the Sumbertempur tourism village based on local self subsistent.

Cash-based aid and civil war violence: New evidence from Myanmar (2012–2020)

Why do some aid projects in conflict environments improve the welfare of local communities and reduce insurgent violence, whereas other projects place them in greater danger? This study investigates this question by testing the effects of aid projects on the intensity of civil war using subnational data on violence and service provision in Myanmar (2012–2020). We find that small-scale, cash-based aid projects significantly reduce battlefield violence at the township level, and the effects of such projects are larger than those of other projects aimed at reducing violence (e.g., peacebuilding). These results provide support for recent counterinsurgency theories, which argue that smaller projects can reduce violence by motivating civilians to share information about rebels with the government (or pro-government) forces. This analysis offers a unique insight into the way cash-based services, though small and relatively inexpensive, can foster stability in conflict zones and save more lives.

Analysis Community Competence Development in Improving Live through Small and Medium Enterprise Investment in the Pandemic Era in East Timor

Community competence development in improving life through investing in small and medium enterprises is one of the beneficial alternatives for groups and individuals for the welfare of the superior local community's wellbeing. The purpose of this study is to determine the basic provisions of the small and medium business investment group in the local area, related to hard and soft competence, which are used as criteria for giving, receiving, and solving problems. The method used in this study used a thematic descriptive qualitative analysis approach; the sampling method was taken by six people representing 28 people, including the core structure for semi-structured interviews. The technique used is a non-probability sample by exploring sources of information using purposive sampling and snowball sampling. From the results, it was found that the educational background was sufficient and still had shortcomings in hard and soft competencies, including creativity and technical skills. So, there are several suggestions, namely (1) to take additional training on creativity and technical skills to increase in-depth understanding, (2) for other studies that are interested in deepening research in that location. In terms of investment development, it can compete in national and international markets. These results also provide input for the investment group to learn hard and soft competencies and specifically creative abilities and technical skills to find learning resources that ensure development is related to investment in the digital era.

Kontribusi Pertunjukan Seni Tari Tradisional Sebagai Atraksi Wisata Terhadap Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Lokal Desa Adat Ubud

Ubud which is famous for cultural tourism has encouraged the local community to participate in these tourism activities. Performing traditional dance that develops in every banjar in Ubud by involving local communities in the implementation will certainly contribute to the lives of people in Ubud both material and non-material. This study aims to determine the contribution of traditional dance performances as a tourist attraction to the welfare of local communities in the Indigenous Village of Ubud, Ubud District, Gianyar Regency.In this study using primary data sources and supported by secondary data obtained directly by observation and interviews, and the data analysis technique used in this study is qualitative analysis by reducing data which is then presented and concluded. The results of this study show that the contribution of traditional performing arts to the welfare of the local community can be seen from the community's involvement, either directly or indirectly. Being involved in performance performances is a side profession for the local community. Apart from helping economically, the results of this art performance can also contribute to the socio-cultural field of the community in traditional villages.Keyword: Contributions, Performing Arts, Prosperity, Local Communities

The Tourism Development Strategies of Hinako Islands in West Nias in Increasing the Regional Original Revenue and the Local People's Welfare

West Nias Regency has an enormous potential tourist destination, namely the Hinako Islands which consists of eight beautiful small islands. Yet the limited infrastructure and capacity of human resources have become the obstacle for this potential. The purpose of this study is to provide recommendations for tourism development strategies in the Hinako Islands to increase local government revenues (PAD) and the welfare of local communities. The research question is how is the strategy of the local government in developing tourism in the Hinako Islands?. This research is a field research, qualitative analytical descriptive type. The primary data of the research were observation and in-depth interviews, also supported by secondary data in the form of documentation and relevant literature studies. This study recommends a tourism development model consisting of 3 elements, namely: 1) West Nias Regency Government as a facilitator to provide tourism facilities and infrastructure; And as a regulator to formulate and enforce tourism business rules for the benefit of the Regional Original Income (PAD) and bring prosperity to local communities. 2) Private, namely existing investors, new investors with an ecotourism pattern, and village-owned enterprises (BUM-Des) to work on the industry in the concept of tourism agromina. 3) Community, to be a friendly host for tourists by providing guarantees for tourist safety, maintaining environmental cleanliness, and providing memorable experiences for tourists. The recommended strategies include strategies for developing tourism destinations, the tourism industry, tourism marketing, and tourism institutions.

Internationalizing Local Tourism: Maros Rammang-Rammang Karst Region and the Standardization and Certification of Community Tourism Businesses in Indonesia

The Unhas KKN-PPM program aims to provide a comprehensive understanding to local communities, who live in the Rammang-Rammang Karst tourist attraction area in Salenrang Village, Maros Regency, about the importance of standardization and certification of tourism businesses so that the Rammang-Rammang Karst tourism object can be managed by the community. locally professionally. In addition, this program also aims to provide assistance to the local community to communicate their needs related to the procurement of more complete tourism facilities and infrastructure to the Regional Government of Maros Regency and the Regional Government of South Sulawesi Province. The mission to be achieved is that the community is expected to be able to actively participate in the development and promotion of tourism in the Rammang-Rammang Karst tourist attraction so that later it can make this destination an international tourism destination that brings in many foreign tourists. With this, the potential and economic contribution of the Rammang-Rammang Karst tourism object can be maximized for the welfare of local communities and increasing state income.

Implementasi Kebijakan Pembatasan Bangunan Akomodasi Wisata Dalam Menopang Pariwisata Berkelanjutan

This article aims to discuss the urgency and implementation of restrictions on tourist accommodation buildings in the Badung Regency. The research data were obtained through observation, literature study, and in-depth interviews with informants, namely officials, actors, and observers of Bali tourism. Data analysis was carried out descriptively-interpretatively from the perspective of tourism studies. The results of the study show that it is very urgent to restrict tourist accommodation buildings in Badung Regency to anticipate the oversupply of the number of available tourist accommodation rooms, as well as to create a healthy tourist accommodation business situation. Implementation of three policies, namely Regional Regulation No. 2 of 2012; Regional Regulation No. 26 of 2013; and Perbud Badung No. 36 of 2014 has been able to hinder the development of new tourist accommodation buildings, and support sustainable tourism development, namely tourism development that supports environmental conservation efforts (Palemahan), increasing the socio-economic welfare of local communities (pawongan), as well as tourism development that is sustainable. support the preservation and development of Balinese traditions and culture

Implementasi Kebijakan Pembatasan Bangunan Akomodasi Wisata Dalam Menopang Pariwisata Berkelanjutan

This article aims to discuss the urgency and implementation of restrictions on tourist accommodation buildings in the Badung Regency. The research data were obtained through observation, literature study, and in-depth interviews with informants, namely officials, actors, and observers of Bali tourism. Data analysis was carried out descriptively-interpretatively from the perspective of tourism studies. The results of the study show that it is very urgent to restrict tourist accommodation buildings in Badung Regency to anticipate the oversupply of the number of available tourist accommodation rooms, as well as to create a healthy tourist accommodation business situation. Implementation of three policies, namely Regional Regulation No. 2 of 2012; Regional Regulation No. 26 of 2013; and Perbud Badung No. 36 of 2014 has been able to hinder the development of new tourist accommodation buildings, and support sustainable tourism development, namely tourism development that supports environmental conservation efforts (Palemahan), increasing the socio-economic welfare of local communities (pawongan), as well as tourism development that is sustainable. support the preservation and development of Balinese traditions and culture

Maritime Tourism Supports Improved Welfare of Coastal Communities in South Sulawesi

Indonesia has the potential for the beauty of its islands and coasts which are well known to foreign countries. Not only beautiful beaches, also stretches of coral reefs with hundreds of marine species, mangrove forests with their ecosystems are a panorama that can be found from Sabang to Maraoke. It is estimated that more than 21 marine tourism sites have been developed and become destinations for world and local tourists, in addition to locations that are still managed by the community. Foreign exchange contributions from the tourism sector continued to increase in 2018, the tourism sector's foreign exchange reached IDR 229.5 trillion, an increase of 15.4 percent on an annual basis. This study aims to describe the condition of marine tourism potential in South Sulawesi and its impact on local communities living around tourist sites and the development needed to improve the welfare of local communities. The research locations were on Lemo Beach, East Luwu Regency, Bira Bulukumba Beach and Makassar Lantebong Mangrove Tourism, taking 100 respondents. The research method is qualitative and analyzed descriptively by correlation and using Likers to assess its impact on people's welfare. The results of the study illustrate that in general, the role of the government, both local and provincial, is still needed, especially in environmental hygiene facilities, order for traders. The social impact on people's behavior shows that there is a change in the ability to communicate and interact more openly with a value of 1634. The economic impact shows a very large regional value due to the opening of new job opportunities which are a source of income for the local community with a value of 2250.

Implementasi Kebijakan Pembatasan Bangunan Akomodasi Wisata dalam Menopang Pariwisata Berkelanjutan

This article aims to discuss the urgency and implementation of restrictions on tourist accommodation buildings in the Badung Regency. The research data were obtained through observation, literature study, and in-depth interviews with informants, namely officials, actors, and observers of Bali tourism. Data analysis was carried out descriptively-interpretatively from the perspective of tourism studies. The results of the study show that it is very urgent to restrict tourist accommodation buildings in Badung Regency to anticipate the oversupply of the number of available tourist accommodation rooms, as well as to create a healthy tourist accommodation business situation. Implementation of three policies, namely Regional Regulation No. 2 of 2012; Regional Regulation No. 26 of 2013; and Perbud Badung No. 36 of 2014 has been able to hinder the development of new tourist accommodation buildings, and support sustainable tourism development, namely tourism development that supports environmental conservation efforts (Palemahan), increasing the socio-economic welfare of local communities (pawongan), as well as tourism development that is sustainable. support the preservation and development of Balinese traditions and culture.

The effect of deforestation and climate change on all-cause mortality and unsafe work conditions due to heat exposure in Berau, Indonesia: a modelling study

Previous studies focusing on urban, industrialised regions have found that excess heat exposure can increase all-cause mortality, heat-related illnesses, and occupational injuries. However, little research has examined how deforestation and climate change can adversely affect work conditions and population health in low latitude, industrialising countries. For this modelling study we used data at 1 km2 resolution to compare forest cover and temperature conditions in the Berau regency, Indonesia, between 2002 and 2018. We used spatially explicit satellite, climate model, and population data to estimate the effects of global warming, between 2002 and 2018 and after applying 1·0°C, 1·5°C, and 2·0°C of global warming to 2018 temperatures, on all-cause mortality and unsafe work conditions in the Berau regency, Indonesia. Between 2002 and 2018, 4375 km2 of forested land in Berau was cleared, corresponding to approximately 17% of the entire regency. Deforestation increased mean daily maximum temperatures by 0·95°C (95% CI 0·97-0·92; p<0·0001). Mean daily temperatures increased by a population-weighted 0·86°C, accounting for an estimated 7·3-8·5% of all-cause mortality (or 101-118 additional deaths per year) in 2018. Unsafe work time increased by 0·31 h per day (95% CI 0·30-0·32; p<0·0001) in deforested areas compared to 0·03 h per day (0·03-0·04; p<0·0001) in areas that maintained forest cover. With 2·0°C of additional future global warming, relative to 2018, deforested areas could experience an estimated 17-20% increase in all-cause mortality (corresponding to an additional 236-282 deaths per year) and up to 5 h of unsafe work per day. Heat exposure from deforestation and climate change has already started affecting populations in low latitude, industrialising countries, and future global warming indicates substantial health impacts in these regions. Further research should examine how deforestation is currently affecting the health and wellbeing of local communities. University of Washington Population Health Initiative. For the Bahasa translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.