Well-being In Sample Research Articles

Concurrent validity of the anxiety symptom-scale compared to two well-being scales: results from the Lolland-Falster health study

Objective To examine the concurrent validity of the Anxiety Symptom-scale against two well-being scales, the Cantril Ladder (CL) and World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5), to test the algorithm defining anxiety against these scales, and identify cut-off points for the Anxiety Symptom-scale sum score. Subjects 14,405 adult respondents completing all psychometric questions in the Lolland Falster Health Study. Method Receiver operating characteristic analyses comparing Anxiety Symptom-scale WHO-5 and CL. Results 2.5% of respondents had an anxiety disorder (3% female and 2% male) according to the Anxiety Symptom-scale algorithm. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.87 for CL and 0.90 for WHO-5 (using inverse scores), indicating high concordance with anxiety disorder as identified by the scale. A score solely ≥2 on item 10 is a relevant cut off to low wellbeing. Anxiety disorder covers a broad range on the scale’s sum score, with 3 to 4 indicating low well-being in this population sample and a sensitivity of 0.85 − 0.99 against CL and WHO-5. Conclusion The Anxiety Symptom-scale is a sensitive and valid instrument for the identification of patients in low well-being with symptoms of anxiety. A score ≥2 on the functional impact (Item 10) of all symptoms is a relevant indicator of anxiety associated with low well-being in this sample. A higher Anxiety Symptom-scale sum score is coherent with lower well-being, though without specific cut-off points. Further validation of the Anxiety Symptom-scale in a clinical setting is recommended.

A Three-Way Synergistic Effect of Work on Employee Well-Being: Human Sustainability Perspective

We explored the interaction of the United Nation's sustainable development goals to facilitate human sustainability using occupational health and sustainable HRM perspectives. In Study 1 (n = 246), we assessed the preconditions to empirically confirm the distinctiveness of the dimensions of health harm of work from other study constructs. Subsequently, we tested the hypotheses across two studies (n = 332, Study 2; n = 255, Study 3). In alignment with the ceiling effect of human energy theory, the three-way interaction results across the samples consistently indicate that high supervisory political support (SPS) significantly strengthens the negative interactions of psychological health risk factors and high job tension as adverse working conditions (SDG-8) on working-condition-related well-being as the human sustainability dimension (SDG-3). Similarly, synergistic effects were found of the side effects of work on health, high job tension, and high SPS on well-being in sample 3. We discuss theoretical and future research for human sustainability from occupational health and sustainable HRM perspectives.

Future Orientation and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Italian University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Resilience and the Perceived Threat of COVID-19.

Several studies have already examined the psychological impact of COVID-19 on psychological well-being in samples of the general population. However, given the importance of future orientation for university students’ mental well-being, it is important to explore whether and how COVID-19 affected this vulnerable population. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the protective role of future orientation and the mediating effect of resilience on negative emotional symptoms (anxiety and depression). An online questionnaire was administered to a sample of 244 non-infected Italian university students. The mediation analysis results indicated that resilience fully mediated the relationship between anxiety and depression. Finally, the perceived threat of death from COVID-19 moderated the association between resilience and anxiety. This study shows that university students with higher levels of future orientation exhibit higher resilience levels and, consequently, fewer symptoms of negative emotions.

The Mediating Effect of Gratitude on the Relation Between Religiosity and Well-being in Samples of Undergraduate Students and Adults Formerly Raised by Grandparent Caregivers

The Mediating Effect of Gratitude on the Relation Between Religiosity and Well-being in Samples of Undergraduate Students and Adults Formerly Raised by Grandparent Caregivers

Psychological Adjustment in Spain during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Positive and Negative Mental Health Outcomes in the General Population.

In the midst of the COVID-19 epidemic, Spain was one of the countries with the highest number of infections and a high mortality rate. The threat of the virus and consequences of the pandemic have a discernible impact on the mental health of citizens. This study aims to (a) evaluate the levels of anxiety, depression and well-being in a large Spanish sample during the confinement, (b) identify potential predictor variables associated to experiencing both clinical levels of distress and well-being in a sample of 2,122 Spanish people. By using descriptive analyses and logistic regression results revealed high rates of depression, anxiety and well-being. Specifically, our findings revealed that high levels of anxiety about COVID-19, increased substance use and loneliness as the strongest predictors of distress, while gross annual incomes and loneliness were strongest predictors of well-being. Finding of the present study provide a better insight about psychological adjustment to a pandemic and allows us to identify which population groups are at risk of experiencing higher levels of distress and which factors contribute to greater well-being, which could help in the treatments and prevention in similar stressful and traumatic situations.

Prayer and well-being in Muslim Canadians: exploring the mediating role of spirituality, mindfulness, optimism, and social support

ABSTRACT Prayer has been found to have a salutary effect on mental health. However little empirical work has examined the effects of prayer on the well-being in individuals from the Muslim faith. This study examined mediators of the relationship between prayer and well-being in a sample of Canadian Muslims (n = 155). Results revealed that optimism and spiritual experiences mediated the relationship between prayer frequency and subjective well-being. Mindfulness correlated with prayer frequency and well-being but did not mediate the relationship between the two. Social support through religious activity correlated with prayer frequency but not with well-being. Results suggest that daily spiritual experiences and optimism are important ingredients that explain the positive effects of prayer and subjective well-being in a Muslim sample.

Looking Beyond Distress: A Call for Spanning the Continuum of Mental Health Care.

BackgroundDespite mental health’s definition as a state of well-being, mental health research and practice has often narrowly focused on pathology and distress. The identification, treatment, and rehabilitation of mental illness are the primary activities pertaining to the role of mental health professionals, but only focusing on these primary activities carries the risk of neglecting other legitimate responsibilities related to prevention of illness and promotion of wellness. Therefore, it becomes important to highlight the potential utility of separately examining levels of distress, alongside levels of well-being in community samples. The goal of this study was to determine the extent to which low levels of distress or a lack of significant distress co-occurs with high levels of well-being in a sample of urban Indian adults.MethodsStandardized measures of psychological distress, along with measures of emotional, psychological, and social well-being, were used in a sample of 300 adults aged 20 to 60 years. The participation of community-dwelling adults who could respond to the questionnaires in English or Hindi (the most widely spoken and official language in India) was solicited through posting announcements on various platforms in a metropolitan city in Southern India. The participants had the option to respond to the questionnaires via a paper-pencil version or through an online Google survey. Psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress scale (K-10) on which a score over 19 indicated significant distress. We used the 25th and 75th percentile points on the respective distributions of scores to determine high, low, and moderate ranges on the three measures of well-being.ResultsBoth men and women were well represented in the sample (47% and 53%, respectively). Approximately 41% were young adults, nearly 30% were in the 36 to 45-year age group, and 30% were in the 46 to 60-year age group. Approximately 48% of the overall sample (N = 143) exhibited an absence of significant distress. Patterns of well-being were examined in this group of low-distress participants. Only 13% of low-distress participants exhibited high emotional well-being (i.e., had a high positivity ratio) and high psychosocial functioning (i.e., had high psychological and social well-being). As many as 37.8% exhibited low well-being on at least one of the three measures of well-being, despite being low on distress. In other words, low well-being scores were fairly common in conjunction with non-significant levels of distress.ConclusionReliance on low distress for operationalization of mental health may mask lower levels of emotional well-being and psychosocial functioning in a given population. The findings underscore the need to span the entire continuum of mental health care by routinely including preventive and promotive aspects in research and practice.

The Relationship between Identity Styles and Psychological Wellbeing in Sample of College Students

The purpose of present research was study the relation between identity styles and psychological wellbeing in students of university of semnan. The samples consisted of 256 male-female undergraduate (158 female & 96 male) in the scholastic year 2009-10 that selected with multi- stage cluster way. Ryff scale of psychological wellbeing (RSPWB), and Identity style Inventory (ISI-6G) used in this research. The relation of identity style and psychological wellbeing evaluate by regression and the difference between them with sexually segregation analyzed with helping independent T-test. The results showed that significant positive relationship between normative identity styles and wellbeing and a significant negative relationship between diffuse identity styles and wellbeing. there was no significant difference in none of identity styles and psychological well being in sexually.Thus there is significant relation between between identity styles and psychological wellbeing. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n3s3p207

Exploring the Link between Religious Attitudes and Subjective Well-Being in Chronic Pain Patients

The aim of the present study was to explore the relations between religious attitudes and subjective well-being in a sample of chronic pain (CP) patients and to investigate whether these associations would differ from those obtained with healthy controls. A total of 155 CP patients (72% women) and 166 healthy controls (72% women) completed questionnaires on pain, religious attitudes, and subjective well-being. The religious attitudes focused both on religiosity as such (Inclusion vs Exclusion of Transcendence) as on the cognitive approach of religious contents (Symbolic vs Literal). Mean-level analyses showed significant differences between the CP and control samples on subjective well-being and Literal Exclusion. Mediation analyses found a direct influence of sample (CP vs control) on subjective well-being as well as an indirect effect via Literal Exclusion. Correlation analyses revealed that Literal Exclusion correlated negatively with well-being in both samples, whereas Literal Inclusion did not. The differential variable between the two samples was the symbolic approach of religion (Symbolic Inclusion and Exclusion), which was significantly associated with higher levels of well-being only in the CP sample. A literal approach toward religion in combination with a rejection of religion (Literal Exclusion) was, in general-both for CP patients as for healthy controls-associated with lower levels of well-being. In CP patients (but not in healthy controls), a symbolic approach toward religion (regardless of Inclusion or Exclusion of religion) was significantly associated with higher levels of subjective well-being.

Cultural orientation, ego resilience, and optimism as predictors of subjective well-being in African Americans

This study tested a portion of a model proposed by Constantine and Sue (2006) that examined whether certain attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors thought to be consistent with the cultural orientation and worldview of African Americans (i.e., religiosity, racial pride, and time orientation), would predict ego resilience, optimism, and subjective well-being in a sample of African American college students (N = 215). Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesis that cultural orientation would predict ego resilience, optimism, and subjective well-being in the current sample of African American college students. Religiosity and racial pride positively predicted psychological functioning and well-being. Present time orientation, however, negatively predicted psychological functioning and well-being. Implications of the study's findings are discussed in the context of future research and clinical interventions.

Psychological wellbeing in a Turkish-Canadian sample

The study examined predictors of psychological wellbeing in a sample of 181 Turkish immigrants living in Toronto, Canada. Depression and life satisfaction were employed as indicators of psychological wellbeing. A model was put forth in which proactive coping and optimism were hypothesized to predict negatively to depression and positively to life satisfaction. Proactive coping consists of efforts to build up general resources that facilitate the achievement of challenging goals and promotes personal growth and was expected to contribute to the prediction of psychological wellbeing over and above the effects of optimism. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted with life satisfaction and depression as criteria and demographics, optimism, and proactive coping as predictors. In general, the results supported the hypotheses; the model fit better when the criterion was depression than when life satisfaction was the criterion.

Correlates of subjective well-being in male sample

Subjective well-being (SWB) is people’s cognitive and emotional evaluation of their lives, which in our everyday vocabulary is called happiness (Diener et al., 2003). The scientific analysis of subjective well-being refers to people’s emotional reactions to events and global judgments about life satisfaction. Life satisfaction is an overall positive perception or feeling about the quality of own life (Corsini, 1999) and it can be broken down in satisfaction with specific important domains like close romantic relations or satisfaction with job (Daukantaitë and Bergman, 2003). Emotional component of SWB means a tendency to respond to one’s environment with good or bad feelings, emotions, reactions (Corsini, 1999). Though, scientists divide affect into two different groups – positive affect and negative affect.The purpose of the study is to investigate subjective well-being in the sample of Lithuanian men. The main interest was to study: 1) the relationship between general SWB components and satisfaction with important domains; 2) the differences in SWB in different groups based on demographic factors; 3) the relationship between general SWB components and personality traits. The statistical package SPSS with a probability level of 0.05 was used to process the data.The research was based on self-report questionnaires in Lithuanian male sample (n = 115). The criteria for recruitment was age, the average age of the sample was 39,67 years. Men were contacted at their working place and were given a self-reported questionnaire. The research took place in different towns of Lithuania.Results confirm, that components of general SWB are connected to satisfaction with work, leisure, health, relations to partner and children. We found that the mean of each SWB component differed in 3 out of 8 groups of sociodemographic factors such as educational level, current studies, and income per each member of the family. Thus, we support the statement that demographic factors are not strongly related to subjective well-being. The results of the research confirmed findings of other authors, that the strongest and the most reliable correlations were found between SWB components and personality traits such as neuroticism, extraversion, openness to new experiences, agreeableness, consciousness, optimism, and self-esteem. The results of the research let us confirm the results obtained by other scientists that subjective wellbeing is not strongly dependent on the demographic characteristics, but is more likely to be connected to the personality traits.

Religious involvement, spirituality and personal meaning for life: Existential predictors of psychological wellbeing in community-residing and institutional care elders

The psychosocial model of mental health postulates that wellbeing in late life is significantly influenced by several externally generated factors such as social resources, income and negative life events. More recently, the gerontological literature is drawing attention to the increasingly influential role of existential factors such as religiosity, spirituality and personal meaning in the psychological wellbeing of older adults. This study examined the unique and combined contribution of specific dimensions of religiosity, spirituality and personal meaning in life as predictors of wellbeing in samples of community-residing and institutionalized older adults. Using hierarchical regression analyses, the results showed that personal meaning, involvement in formal religion, participation in spiritual practices, importance of religion, degree of comfort derived from religion, sense of inner peace with self, and accessibility to religious resources were significant predictors of wellbeing for the combined sample. The pattern of associations between wellbeing and the preceding psychosocial dimensions was, however, stronger for the institutionalized elders. The findings confirmed that existential measures of personal meaning, religiosity and spirituality contributed more significantly to the variance in wellbeing than did demographic variables or other traditional measures such as social resources, physical health or negative life events. The importance of existential constructs of religiosity, spirituality and personal meaning in helping older adults to transcend old age stresses and sustain wellbeing are discussed.