Well-being Research Articles

Dysmenorrhea in Polish Adolescent Girls: Impact on Physical, Mental, and Social Well-Being—Results from POLKA 18 Study

Background: Dysmenorrhea, characterised by painful menstrual cramps, is a pressing issue among adolescent girls globally. It significantly impacts their quality of life and has been associated with increased mental health issues and engagement in risky behaviours like smoking. In Poland, there is limited research on menstrual health, emphasising the need for a study to understand dysmenorrhea experiences and their impact on young menstruating individuals. Methods: This research project investigated the effects of dysmenorrhea on quality of life and school attendance, as well as its associations with non-communicable diseases, including mental health among adolescent girls in Poland. Additionally, the study examined risk factors for non-communicable disease development, including high-risk health behaviours and exposure to violence. The study utilised a cross-sectional design, administering self-reported questionnaires in high schools and vocational schools in six voivodeships (regions) in Poland. The analysis was performed using the R language in the Rstudio environment. p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: A significant percentage of respondents experienced heavy menstruation, irregularity, and pain. Adolescents with dysmenorrhea reported higher rates of school absenteeism, mental health issues (such as anxiety and panic attacks), and a higher likelihood of engagement in risk behaviours like smoking and illicit drug use. The study also identified associations between dysmenorrhea and experiences of violence, including sexual abuse and intimate partner violence, as well as links to self-harm and suicidal ideation. Conclusions: These findings contribute to understanding dysmenorrhea among Polish adolescent girls, emphasising the need for tailored interventions and support services. The study underscores the necessity of addressing menstrual health comprehensively, considering its impact on various aspects of young women’s lives and promoting their overall well-being.

The Impact of Religious Self-Identification on Happiness and Well-Being: A Case Study of Kazakhstan

Faith helps religious people persevere, hold back, refrain from fighting as much as possible, bear through life tribulations, and keep their loved ones in good spirits. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that people who identify as believers are happier than those who do not. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of religiosity on self-assessed well-being and satisfaction with various material and immaterial aspects of life from the perspective of religious and nonreligious people and to determine the strength of the effect of religion on subjective well-being in contrast to other socioeconomic factors. In the present study, 1,500 respondents from Kazakhstan took a survey that touched upon their perceptions of social well-being and self-assessed religious status. The survey results were subjected to quantitative analysis via descriptive statistics and correlation analysis via Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and the Mann‒Whitney U test. The results indicate that people in Kazakhstan demonstrate a fairly high level of self-assessed happiness. There is a statistically significant, albeit weak, correlation between self-assessed happiness and being religious. Research shows that regardless of religiosity, happiness is likely to be experienced by people if they are healthy.

A Study on Health-Promoting Effects of Assistive Technology.

This study evaluated the health-promoting effects of assistive technology(AT) from a holistic health perspective with the data from the rapid Assistive Technology Assessment (rATA) survey conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) in China in 2021. Through a generalized ordered logit regression, we found that AT mainly aids in the reduction of "severe impairment" in basic activities of daily living (BADL) and facilitates the attainment of "minimal impairment" in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), indicating that AT at the current stage not only serves as a tool to maintain basic survival, but also plays a crucial role in promoting overall health. Further research ascertained that the effects of assistive technology on BADL and IADL bear resemblances between two age groups but differ between urban and rural residents. Consequently, efforts must be made to enhance the supply system of AT, thereby improving social well-being for all.

Effects of vr-based interactive interior design on the emotional and mental health of office worker

ABSTRACT From the perspective of the evolution of the concept of health, the purpose of mental health is to achieve better living conditions, higher adaptability and development level, and also the best combination of physical and mental well-being and social well-being. According to the literature, the region and privacy of office interior design, the comfort and convenience of office furniture, the charm of office environment and individuation all have an impact on the mental health of office workers. Interactive interior design based on virtual reality can improve the office environment, thus improving the work efficiency and productivity of employees. A comfortable office environment has a positive impact on physical factors for office workers, which is beneficial for improving their mental health. This paper aimed to study how to analyze and study the impact of interactive interior design based on virtual reality (VR) on the emotional and psychological health of office workers. In this paper, the impact of VR interior design was evaluated by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to quantify the weight. In the experiment part of this paper, through the analysis of the questionnaire of the office workers in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, and the comparison of the experimental data, it can be known that before the experiment, the control group and the experimental group were both very healthy, and after the experiment, the psychological health of the two groups was very healthy, which was 0 and 4 people. It can be seen that the psychological health of the workers in the experimental group has changed significantly. This paper studied the influence of VR interaction design on worker’s emotion from the experimental point of view and proved its influence on employee’s emotion from the empirical point of view, which had certain reference significance for future research.

Evaluating the efficacy of support groups in the metaverse for Ukrainian refugees: a protocol for a randomized clinical trial

BackgroundThe Ukrainian crisis, sparked by the Russian invasion, has generated one of the most extensive refugee crises in modern history. Addressing the mental health challenges of Ukrainian refugees is critical to promoting their resilience and successful integration into host communities. Traditional support group interventions might be challenging to implement for geographically dispersed populations, making the metaverse an innovative and inclusive platform for providing much-needed support to such populations.Methods/designDisplaced Ukrainian refugee adults (18 years or older) without current psychiatric diagnoses or current involvement in therapeutic interventions are included in the study. Participants are randomized to one of three conditions: (1) Metaverse Support Groups, (2) In-Person Support Groups, or (3) Waitlist. Both intervention groups (Metaverse and In-Person) undergo 5 support group sessions, and data are collected at baseline, mid-intervention, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up. Primary outcomes are depressive symptomatology and anxiety. Secondary outcomes are perceived social support, well-being, and gender-based violence awareness.DiscussionTo our knowledge, this is the first attempt to test the efficacy of support groups in the Metaverse for the Ukrainian refugee population. This study can thus add substantially to the body of knowledge on effective interventions and policies for refugees.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06142032 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06142032). Registered on November 8, 2023.

Comparing the Health Status of Immigrant and New Zealand-Born Older Adults in Aotearoa New Zealand: The Role of Socioeconomic Position.

The study investigated the health status of older migrants relative to their New Zealand-born peers. We adopted a holistic view of health (physical, mental, and social) and a structural approach to health disparities based on migrant status and socioeconomic position. Using case-control matching based on age, gender, and education, the health status of 357 older migrants and 357 New Zealand-born older adults was compared. Older migrants reported significantly poorer social health. Health inequities were patterned by socioeconomic status. Working class older migrants had significantly poorer physical, mental, and social health than their New Zealand-born peers. Inequities in social wellbeing persisted even at the upper end of the social gradient. Migrant background is an important social determinant of health in older age. The reduced social wellbeing of economically advantaged migrants highlights vulnerabilities regardless of socioeconomic position and the need for targeted social policies.

Local Cultural Approach in Navigating Family Conflict: Understanding Cultural Strategies for Human Well-Being

Objective: This study explores the complexities of family conflict within a local cultural framework, focusing on its impacts on physical and mental well-being through mapping its intensity, root causes, and long-term consequences. The study aims to understand how unresolved interpersonal tensions can negatively impact emotional and social health, ultimately affecting harmony and balance within local communities. The approach uses a theoretical framework that underscores the importance of culture-based communication, negotiation skills that respect local norms, and appreciation for diverse perspectives as steps to reduce conflict and promote mental health. This research contextualizes conflict within various local cultural settings, specifically within families influenced by communal and intergenerational values. Through in-depth analysis of the family as the unit of study, variables such as communication and social relationships are examined with an emphasis on unique socio-cultural dynamics. The findings highlight the negative impact of unresolved family conflict on emotional well-being and the stability of social relationships within the family unit. Conflict can disrupt interpersonal dynamics, creating long-term disharmony that undermines family cohesion. These adverse effects underscore the need for systematic, ongoing interventions to support mental health and collective well-being. This study emphasizes the importance of addressing family conflict as a critical component in achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of Good Health and Well-being. Interventions that adopt a local cultural approach—such as effective communication strategies and conflict resolution skills rooted in communal norms—are essential for fostering healthier and more harmonious family environments. By identifying three primary approaches—cultural rehabilitation processes, the development of communication that values local culture, and conflict management skills—the study provides practical insights aligned with global efforts to improve mental health and social well-being in accordance with the SDG framework.

The importance of recognition: predictors and outcomes of carer recognition among working carers of ageing relatives

ABSTRACT Many people manage the dual roles of employment and providing unpaid care for an older relative. Although this is increasingly common, carers frequently observe that their caring role is undervalued. This lack of recognition and the adverse consequences that flow from it are of increasing interest to policymakers, advocacy bodies, and employers who have advanced legislative, policy, and workplace accreditation initiatives to enhance recognition of caring. However, the design and impact of these initiatives are constrained by the scarcity of research on carer recognition, its predictors, and its outcomes. Drawing on data from the Australian National Carer Survey, we utilise path analysis to test a conceptual model outlining how life experiences shape carer recognition and subsequent personal outcomes. Our findings provide support for the mediating role of carer recognition linking care-related disruptions in multiple domains (aged care services, employment, family) with carer outcomes (social connectedness, personal well-being, psychological distress, personal time alongside caring). Employees who experienced less disruption in aged care services, employment, and family domains reported higher carer recognition and better outcomes than employees with more disruptive experiences in each domain. The findings suggest new points of intervention to enhance carer perceptions of recognition, and in turn, carer outcomes.

Investigating the effects of political correctness in social marketing messaging

Purpose Obesity imposes myriad negative consequences upon society, the economy and personal well-being. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of using political correctness (PC) in social marketing messages to persuade consumers to change their unhealthy behavior. It also explores various underlying mechanisms that drive this effect. Specifically, this research studies that messaging approach – politically correct vs politically incorrect and gain vs loss message framing – generates higher consumer intentions to change their behavior. Design/methodology/approach Four experiments were conducted with nationally representative samples to examine the effect of PC and gain vs loss message framing on consumers’ behavior changing intentions. Findings Politically correct prosocial marketing messages displayed higher persuasiveness than politically incorrect messages. Each relationship was mediated by the perceived manipulative capacity of the message and consumers’ attitudes toward the message. Message framing performed as a boundary condition for these effects. Research limitations/implications This paper sought to contribute to the literature that investigates the effectiveness of social marketing efforts. Three specific contributions related to the effects of message frames on politically correct and incorrect social marketing messages were developed. Practical implications The strategies presented in this paper benefit firms wishing to create a more prosocial approach to their business. A firm can present a prosocial message to their target market in a frame focusing on what will be gained instead of lost. Likewise, firms should welcome this type of messaging that embraces politically correct terminology instead of shying away from it. Originality/value This paper generates actionable insights for marketers and policymakers regarding how best to communicate with targeted segments about culturally- and personally sensitive topics related to obesity and weight loss. This paper also contributes to the literature that explores the effectiveness of social marketing initiatives. The findings suggest policymakers and social marketers should be cautious and, regardless of today’s sociopolitical environment, avoid falling into the temptation of developing politically incorrect and loss-framed messages.

Reimagining Indigenous Tourism: The RISE Framework

ABSTRACT This paper introduces the RISE framework (Rich Intercultural Spiritual Exchange), aimed at innovating Indigenous spiritual tourism planning and execution. Grounded in the capability approach and acculturation theory, RISE facilitates immersive cultural experiences while preserving spiritual legacies, responding to calls for reimagining Indigenous tourism. Despite its potential, current practices often marginalize Indigenous communities, perpetuating issues like misrepresentation and limited participation. Embracing indigeneity unlocks opportunities for cultural exchange and community empowerment. Spiritual tourism, a key aspect, fosters personal growth and well-being while promoting cross-cultural understanding and environmental stewardship. RISE addresses shortcomings by prioritizing Indigenous voices and cultural preservation. This framework offers valuable contributions to tourism scholarship, providing insights into visitor engagement and cultural assimilation. It also aids destination planners in creating meaningful, sustainable experiences, fostering cross-cultural understanding and community empowerment. Ultimately, RISE guides stakeholders in developing authentic, culturally enriching tourism that benefits both visitors and Indigenous communities.

THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF GREEN FINANCING FOR PROVIDING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

This article explores the theoretical foundations of green finance as a crucial tool for achieving sustainable development goals. Green finance supports environmentally friendly initiatives and projects that align with sustainability principles, particularly by providing funding for low-carbon projects and environmentally sound technologies. The article delves into the conceptual frameworks that underpin green finance and examines its connections with the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of sustainable development. It emphasizes the role that green finance plays in balancing economic growth with environmental stewardship and social well-being, thus contributing to a more sustainable global economy. The key instruments of green finance, including green bonds, sustainability-focused investment funds, and responsible financing mechanisms, are thoroughly analyzed to understand their significance in promoting sustainable economic growth. These tools not only facilitate the funding of eco-friendly projects but also help shift financial markets toward more responsible practices. In this context, the article emphasizes the pivotal role played by international financial institutions, governments, and the private sector in driving green investments and fostering an economy that is conscious of its environmental impact. Particular attention is given to policy frameworks and regulatory measures that can create favorable conditions for the expansion of green finance, such as tax incentives, subsidies, and environmental regulations that encourage sustainable investment. Moreover, the article addresses the challenges impeding the development of green finance. These challenges include scalability issues, market regulation difficulties, and the need for increased international cooperation. Overcoming these obstacles is essential to unlock the full potential of green finance and ensure that it can contribute effectively to global efforts in combating climate change. The article also explores the future prospects of green finance within the broader context of transitioning toward more sustainable economic models and identifies opportunities for innovation and growth in this sector. Finally, the article highlights international strategies and showcases successful examples of green projects from different countries around the world. These case studies provide insight into the positive impacts of green finance on economic stability and the reduction of carbon emissions, offering a clearer understanding of how green finance can play a central role in fostering long-term sustainability on a global scale.

The problem of constipation in the practice of an outpatient doctor

Constipation is a disorder that affects a large number of people and has a negative impact on quality of life. Constipation is one of the common reasons for seeking medical help from an outpatient doctor. The problem of constipation can often be multifactorial, with important causes being low fiber in the diet, decreased fluid intake and physical inactivity. For some patients, constipation is not a chronic problem, but may occur at some point in their lives, usually lasts a limited period of time and is not a serious problem, the solution to which may be changes in diet and lifestyle, or a short course of laxatives. In everyday outpatient practice, so-called simple or functional constipation is more common. At the same time, long-term or chronic constipation is often a complex problem for both the doctor and the patient; it is often secondary in nature, affecting not only personal well-being and quality of life, but also causes considerable financial costs, since most patients do not immediately seeks medical help, trying to self-medicate, for a long time and not always successfully, transforming the problem into a chronic one, further complicating the diagnostic search and choice of treatment tactics. Chronic constipation is more often a problem for women and older people. Knowledge and understanding of the causes and possibilities for diagnosing constipation, approaches to therapy, as well as measures for its prevention will allow the outpatient doctor to choose the necessary tactics for managing the patient. The article provides a review of the literature on the etiopathogenetic, diagnostic aspects of constipation, as well as the possibility of an integrated approach in the treatment of patients. Algorithms for diagnostic search and choice of therapy for a patient with constipation are convenient for practical use, which is also presented in the article.

Exploring the Link Between Social Media Engagement, Social Anxiety, and Environmental Preferences in University Students

As mental health issues become increasingly prominent, social anxiety is prevalent among university students and significantly affects their social behaviors and environmental preferences. With the increasing reliance on social media, understanding how these behaviors shape preferences for physical social environments is crucial for designing supportive campus spaces. This study investigates the relationship between social anxiety, social media usage, and environmental preferences in campus settings. We aim to identify the key environmental factors that can promote healthier social interactions for students with varying levels of social anxiety and social media use. Data were collected from university students through a structured questionnaire assessing demographic characteristics, online and offline behavior, social media usage intensity, social anxiety level, and environmental preferences. Using K-means clustering, participants were grouped into four clusters based on their social media usage and social anxiety levels. ANOVA and Multivariate Multiple Regression (MMR) were conducted to examine differences in environmental preferences across these clusters. Significant differences in environmental preferences were observed across the four clusters. Gender and grade influenced social anxiety levels, with females and undergraduate students reporting greater anxiety. Individuals with high social media use, regardless of their anxiety levels, generally exhibited stronger preferences for various environmental dimensions, including openness, convenience, facility provision, safety/comfort, and cultural landscape. However, individuals with higher social anxiety tended to prefer enclosed, facility-rich, and more controlled environments. The relationship between social anxiety and preferences for convenience, safety/comfort, and cultural landscape was minimal or non-significant. This study highlights the importance of considering both behavioral and psychological factors when designing university social environments. By identifying specific environmental preferences of students with high social anxiety, the findings offer evidence-based recommendations for creating more inclusive and supportive campus spaces that promote positive social interactions and well-being.

Centering and uplifting youth voice in planning for a more resilient climate future in rural Colorado: a case study of a student resilience team asking for change

Rural communities are increasingly facing challenges from climate-related natural hazards such as drought, wildfire, and flood. These cascading hazards threaten social, emotional, physical, and economic well-being, and pose unique challenges to rural areas which may already struggle to find enough resources. Yet, rural areas are rich in social capital, creativity, and resilience, and future leaders are learning how to build agency and increase their community’s resilience in school settings. Students in Estes Park, Colorado, have experienced major climate-fueled hazards in their lifetimes, surviving the floods in 2013 and the East Troublesome and Cameron Peak wildfires in 2020. At Estes Park Middle School, the Environmental Resilience Team (ERT) is an afterschool group of students who are actively participating in promoting public awareness, mitigation, and policy-making to increase resilience to natural hazards. Supported by the Hazard, Education, Awareness, and Resilience Task Force (HEART Force) Program, a comprehensive curriculum that immerses students in the study of their community’s resilience to floods and fires, in conjunction with the Earth Force Environmental Civic Action resources, students and educators gained the tools needed to spearhead community discussions on resilience, all while striving to mitigate and minimize future risks. In this paper, we tell the story of the Environmental Resilience Team’s campaign to pass statewide legislation to implement Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) Building Codes in high-risk areas. Students visited the Colorado State Capitol, met with their State Senator and Governor to lobby for the passage of the bill. This initiative builds upon years of action projects, including service projects to mitigate fire risk in vulnerable populations within the mountain town of Estes Park and build community education and awareness through the distribution of “go-bags” to community members. By including youth voice in public decision-making and planning for climate resilience, community leaders and policymakers can develop more holistic plans that include multigenerational input. This research is part of a broader study across implementations of HEART Force in several classrooms that showed that the HEART Force program helped students develop a sense of agency and grow in their understanding of community resilience.

Out-of-Hospital Infant Mortality Associated with Herpesviruses

Introduction. Infant mortality is a universally recognized indicator for social well-being of the population. There is a need for an in-depth analysis of the causes and factors leading to the death of infants at home, including determining the etiology of infectious diseases potentially causing death.The purpose of the study — to determine the implication of herpesviruses in infant out-of-hospital death.Materials and methods. Samples from autopsy material of 23 infants (blood, small intestine, heart, lungs, liver, brain), who died at home from various causes, were analyzed by PCR for the presence of viral DNA and RNA from herpesviruses, orthomyxoviruses, paramyxoviruses, picornaviruses, adenoviruses, coronaviruses, parvoviruses, as well as intestinal viruses.Results and discussion. Positive PCR results were found in 11 cases (43.5 %), of which herpesviruses DNA was detected in 10 cases. In these samples, cytomegalovirus predominated, in association with Epstein — Barr virus and human herpesvirus type 6. This association was detected in blood and internal organs samples from four infants diagnosed with generalized viral infection, and from two infants with acute respiratory viral infection. This suggests the presence of a causal relationship between the lethal outcome and the detection of these viruses. Not all infants showed clinical signs characteristic of generalized herpes infection. In one infant with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, coronavirus, enterovirus and rotavirus DNA was found in samples of internal organs.Conclusion. Results showed the dominant role of the herpesviruses in out-of-hospital infant death cases.

Do Household Income Related to Social Well-being among Smallholder Glutinous Rice Famers in Langkawi, Malaysia?

Do Household Income Related to Social Well-being among Smallholder Glutinous Rice Famers in Langkawi, Malaysia?

Navigating Burnout in the Public Sector: Strategies for Enhancing Employee Well-Being and Organizational Performance

Burnout has become a critical concern in public sector organizations, with recent studies showing that its impacts extend beyond employees' personal well-being, severely affecting organizational performance. This article aims to identify key contributors to burnout by extracting qualitative secondary data, including research findings, case study material, and employee narratives. Using Maslach's Burnout Inventory as a framework, the study focuses on emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment as the primary dimensions of burnout. Key factors such as high workload, bureaucratic pressure, and emotional labor are examined, alongside their detrimental consequences on job performance, mental health, and public trust. This study highlights successful leadership interventions aimed at mitigating burnout. Case studies from public health agencies, local government offices, social services, and educational institutions reveal that leadership style, resource deployment, and employee engagement are significant in minimizing burnout and enhancing job satisfaction. Transformational leadership, flexible work arrangements, peer support programs, and recognition initiatives are presented as practical interventions that improve employee well-being. The article also underscores limitations in existing literature and calls for more comprehensive, longitudinal studies across distinct public sector roles to fully capture the long-term effects of burnout. Furthermore, it stresses the importance of incorporating employee feedback into the design of well-being initiatives to promote work-life balance. In conclusion, this paper offers actionable recommendations for public sector leaders and policymakers, advocating for a holistic approach to managing burnout. By fostering supportive work environments, public sector organizations can enhance their effectiveness in serving communities, while contributing valuable insights to the ongoing discourse on organizational well-being.

The LTAR Cropland Common Experiment at the Kellogg Biological Station.

The Kellogg Biological Station Long-term Agroecosystem Research site (KBS LTAR) joined the national LTAR Network in 2015 to represent a northeast portion of the North Central Region, extending across 76,000 km2 of southern Michigan and northern Indiana. Regional cropping systems are dominated by corn (Zea mays)-soybean (Glycine max) rotations managed with conventional tillage, industry-average rates of fertilizer and pesticide inputs uniformly applied, few cover crops, and little animal integration. In 2020, KBS LTAR initiated the Aspirational Cropping System Experiment as part of the LTAR Common Experiment, a co-production model wherein stakeholders and researchers collaborate to advance transformative change in agriculture. The Aspirational (ASP) cropping system treatment, designed by a team of agronomists, farmers, scientists, and other stakeholders, is a five-crop rotation of corn, soybean, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum), winter canola (Brassicus napus), and a diverse forage mix. All phases are managed with continuous no-till, variable rate fertilizer inputs, and integrated pest management to provide benefits related to economic returns, water quality, greenhouse gas mitigation, soil health, biodiversity, and social well-being. Cover crops follow corn and winter wheat, with fall-planted crops in the rotation providing winter cover in other years. The experiment is replicated with all rotation phases at both the plot and field scales and with perennial prairie strips in consistently low-producing areas of ASP fields. The prevailing practice (or Business as usual [BAU]) treatment mirrors regional prevailing practices as revealed by farmer surveys. Stakeholders and researchers evaluate the success of the ASP and BAU systems annually and implement management changes on a 5-year cycle.

Evaluation of a pathology resident wellness initiative: Initial establishment and subsequent expansion through a time of high stress, the COVID-19 pandemic.

Recent studies have shown that the pathology workforce is at risk of decreased workplace well-being, which may lead to decreased job satisfaction, increased attrition, burnout, depression, anxiety, and suicidality, but there has been relatively little research on well-being initiatives designed for pathologists, pathology trainees, and laboratory professionals. Some studies have suggested that well-being initiatives may decrease burnout and increase workplace satisfaction and engagement. Here we describe the creation of a Pathology Wellness Committee in a large residency program. Interventions included emotional, social, and physical well-being interventions as well as system-based improvements. Additional initiatives were introduced in response to the increased stress, isolation, and social distancing guidelines during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. The program's impact was measured by an annual House Staff Council Resident Wellness Survey over 4 years. The annual surveys showed improvements in workplace and residency program satisfaction and emotional well-being following system-based improvements and well-being initiatives. Physical and social well-being showed slight but not statistically significant decreases over the 4-year period. Results from the annual Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Survey were also evaluated. We found that dedicated well-being initiatives in conjunction with system-based interventions may help improve overall well-being in pathology residents.

Experiences of teenage pregnancy and its consequences on adolescent girls in rural Sindh, Pakistan

Objective: To explore the challenges of teenage pregnancy experienced by adolescent girls, and its impact on their social and psychological wellbeing. Method: The qualitative study was conducted from August 5 to September 17, 2023, in different villages in northern Sindh after approval from the institutional ethical review board of Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with the subjects who had experienced teenage pregnancy in the preceding 2 years. Data was transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Conclusion: Community-based interventions are needed to promote female education that may put an end to adolescent motherhood. Key Words: Teenage pregnancy, Adolescent girls, Socioeconomic status, Education.