Well-being Of Young Women Research Articles

CONSEQUÊNCIAS DO USO NEGLIGENCIADO DO LEVONORGESTREL POR JOVENS E ADOLESCENTES

This study aims to evaluate the consequences of the neglected use of Levonorgestrel, a com- monly used emergency contraceptive, among young people and adolescents. A critical literature review was conducted using descriptive and comparative methods, with data sourced from PUBMED, SCIELO, and Google Scholar, focusing on publications between 2020 and 2024. The findings indicate that frequent and improper use of Levonorgestrel can lead to significant physical, psychological, and social impacts on users. The study highlights the need for im- proved sexual education and professional guidance to prevent the misuse of this contraceptive and to promote the overall well-being of young women.

Looking back: the lasting impact of outdoor education for adolescent girls

ABSTRACT The long-term impacts of adolescent girls’ outdoor learning are rarely represented in the outdoor literature. This research explored the stories of 11 young women reflecting on an immersive month of school outdoor learning, in a remote part of New Zealand. These young women were recruited following a larger survey of school alumni. During interviews the young women described how their identities and wellbeing were shaped by their adolescent outdoor learning, which continued to impact their lives. We identified four key narratives that contributed to their empowerment. Firstly, immersion in nature was nourishing. Secondly, critical environmental approaches and living simply had a cumulative effect on wellbeing. The third narrative centred on the value of structured support alongside learning independence. These fed into an all-encompassing fourth narrative of a strong female identity. The findings demonstrate how long-duration immersive outdoor experiences as adolescents, have lasting influence on the wellbeing of young women.

Understanding Adolescent Gynecological Issues: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Care Center.

Adolescence is a crucial phase in a woman's life, as it signifies the beginning of her reproductive journey. During this time, there are notable variations in sexual development and a sense of caution that can present challenges for healthcare providers. The rationale for studying adolescent gynecological problems lies in the need to understand and address the unique reproductive health challenges faced by young girls. By investigating these issues, researchers and healthcare professionals can develop effective strategies for prevention, early detection, and treatment of gynecological conditions in adolescents. This knowledge is crucial for promoting the overall well-being and reproductive health of young girls, ensuring they receive appropriate care and support during this critical stage of development. This study focuses on identifying the most common gynecological issues in teenagers, exploring the root causes, examining the available treatment options, and understanding how they are managed at a tertiary care facility. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study took place at a tertiary care center and focused on gynecological issues in adolescent females who sought care at the gynecology department from January 2016 to December 2022. The study participants were categorized into three groups: early adolescence (10-13 years), middle adolescence (14-16 years), and late adolescence (17-19 years) for analysis. Ethical approval was obtained for this hospital-based research, which involved examining, investigating, and treating the study participants. Out of the 49,700 new female patients, 2000 (4.02%) fell within the specified age range. The average age of the participants was 16.87±2.16, and the majority of them sought help for menstrual issues (63.45%), followed by abdominal discomfort (15.6%) and vaginal discharge (7.2%). Menstrual disorders were the most common concern, with dysmenorrhea and puberty menorrhagia being prevalent issues. Abdominal pain was caused by various factors, such as urinary tract infections, ovarian tumors, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, and endometrial tuberculosis. The majority of cases were treated conservatively, with only a small percentage requiring surgical intervention. The significance of early detection and intervention in addressing gynecological issues among adolescents is highlighted in the findings of this research, underscoring the necessity for specialized healthcare services that cater to the specific needs of this demographic. Adolescent gynecology plays a crucial role in safeguarding the reproductive health and overall well-being of young women, emphasizing the importance of seeking assistance proactively.

Evaluation on Food Allergy in Young Females in the Age Group of 18-25 Years. A Study from Tamilnadu, India.

The development of allergies to foods, one of the most common forms of immune-mediated adverse food reactions, is characterized by the presence of IgE. Inflammation that is triggered by cell components and brought on by T lymphocytes and eosinophils may accompany it. Food allergy study was carried out at Sree Ramakrishna medical college of naturopathy and yogic sciences and hospital in Kulasekharam, Tamil Nadu, India. Females between the ages of 18 to 25 are participating in the study. After the purpose of the study was described, verbal consent was obtained. 30 people answered this questionnaire. The survey consists of thirty questions. The questionnaire parameters covered the following topics anxiety, skin diseases, facial hygiene, and digestive issues. Female participants who were unwilling or uncooperative were not allowed to continue with the study. Food allergies affect most women. They do not eat a healthy, balanced diet. The level of knowledge regarding the amount of food and water consumed is not typical. Thus, there is a greater need to educate women about the need to maintain excellent hygiene, eating a balanced diet, and drinking enough water. Future health care initiatives should focus on these areas to enhance the general health and well-being of young women.

The relationship between gender discrimination and wellbeing in middle-aged and older women.

Emerging evidence suggests that perceived gender discrimination negatively impacts mental wellbeing in young women. This study explored whether a similar relationship exists in middle-aged and older women. A total of 3081 women (aged ≥52 years) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing provided data on perceived gender discrimination in 2010/11. Depressive symptoms, loneliness, quality of life and life satisfaction were assessed in 2010/11 and in 2016/17. Perceived gender discrimination was reported by 282 (9.2%) participants. Cross-sectionally, women who perceived gender discrimination reported more depressive symptoms (β = 0.34, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.57) and had higher loneliness scores (β = 0.14, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.20) than women who did not perceive gender discrimination. They also reported significantly lower quality of life (β = -2.50, 95% CI -3.49 to -1.51) and life satisfaction (β = -1.07, 95% CI -1.81 to -0.33). Prospectively, perceived gender discrimination was associated with greater loneliness scores (β = 0.08, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.14), as well as lower ratings of quality of life (β = -0.98, 95% CI -0.09 to -1.86), and life satisfaction (β = -1.04, 95% CI -0.34 to -1.74), independent of baseline values. Middle-aged and older women who perceive gender discrimination report poorer mental wellbeing than those who do not perceive discrimination. Further, this type of discrimination may be predictive of declining mental wellbeing over time. These findings highlight the need for interventions to target gender-based discrimination to improve the wellbeing of women at mid- and older age.

EFFECTIVENESS OF ACCOMPANIMENT FOR ADOLESCENTS AND PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ANEMIA: ENDEAVORS IN EARLY STUNTING SCREENING DURING THE FIRST 1000 DAYS OF LIFE

The 2022 Indonesian Nutritional Status Study survey reveals that the prevalence of stunting among children under five was 21.6%. In Central Java province, the rate was 20.8%, while in Brebes Regency, it reached 29.1% (the highest in Central Java). Stunting poses a significant nutritional challenge affecting the growth and development of young children. This issue is linked to factors such as malnutrition in pregnant women, adolescents, and nursing mothers, as well as the presence of infectious diseases in mothers. The well-being of young women is crucial, as they will become the next generation of parents, shaping the nation's future. By 2030, an estimated 68% of Indonesia's economic support will come from individuals of productive age, including current adolescents who will soon become parents. This cross-sectional observational study aimed to assess the effectiveness of assisting adolescents and pregnant women with anemia as an early stunting screening initiative. The data collection involved checking hemoglobin levels in adolescents and pregnant women, assisting those with anemia for 30 days, and then re-evaluating their hemoglobin levels. Univariate frequency distribution analysis indicated increased hemoglobin levels among adolescents and anemic pregnant women. Chi-square analysis resulted in a p-value of 0.04, suggesting that assisting adolescents and pregnant women as an early stunting screening effort effectively addresses anemia.

Nature-based interventions to support mental health and well-being of young women in pregnancy: exploratory work for future feasibility RCT.

The prevalence of mental health and well-being issues among young women is increasing. Pregnancy is a time when new mental health challenges may arise, or existing conditions can be exacerbated. This project presents preparatory work on how nature-based interventions may help to support the mental health and well-being of young pregnant women (aged 16-24 years) in a future study. This project was formed of three main phases conducted from March to August 2022: (1) mapping nature activities available across the East Midlands region and two focus groups with providers of nature activities (n = 6); (2) public participation and involvement work to inform future research. This included four focus groups with young women (n = 11), leading to the formation of a new young women's panel (Research Influencers Group). Networking and stakeholder engagement to support future research. The mapping survey identified 68 nature-based organisations/projects operating in the region, many of whom expressed interest in being involved in future research. The young women's focus groups confirmed the importance of the topic and generated a wealth of information to support the intervention design. A Research Influencer Group of five young women was established from the focus group participants. The Research Influencer Group chose the nature-based intervention and had input into all aspects of the study design. This group will continue into future projects. Focus groups with providers of nature activities have further advanced the study design. The project team have developed relationships with relevant stakeholders and networks that will inform the future trial. This preparatory co-design work suggested that a nature-based intervention may be acceptable to young women, and providers of such interventions felt it was feasible to offer these activities to young pregnant women. This preparatory work has led to an outline research plan which has been co-produced with public contributors and stakeholders throughout. This preparatory work is limited by small focus group samples, and the possibility that not all providers were reached through the snowballing approach to the mapping survey. Future research is needed to test the nature-based intervention; this would be in the form of a feasibility randomised controlled trial of nature-based interventions to promote the mental health and well-being of young pregnant women. This article presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme as award number NIHR135167.

Spatial and Environmental Antecedents of Prevalence of Teenage Pregnancy in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State

This paper examines the spatial and environmental dynamics of teenage pregnancy in Yenagoa, intending to understand the complexity of spatial and environmental antecedents of teenage pregnancy to reduce early childbearing and improve the livelihood and wellbeing of young women. A multi-stage sampling technique involving three stages was adopted. A set of structured questionnaire was administered systematically upon 415 statistically determined respondents. Results revealed that 46.3% of the respondents are less than 14 years, 48.4% are between 15-19 years and 5.3% are over 20 years. Result of ANOVA showed that teenage pregnancy varies significantly over space with f values of location/neighbourhood (F=3.700), education (F= 3.694), household size (F=1.059) at 0.5 significance level. Result of the logistic regression revealed that the likelihood of teenage pregnancy in Yenagoa is influenced by wrong use of contraceptives with exponential beta (Exp?) ratio of 4.994, followed by household size (1.293), housing quality (1.175) and neighborhood (1.119). Teenage pregnancy as a complex problem requires a comprehensive approach to reduce its occurrence, enhance life opportunities and actualize the life plans of these young mothers.

Sexual Function and Depressive Symptoms in Young Women with Euthyroid Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Receiving Vitamin D, Selenomethionine and Myo-Inositol: A Pilot Study.

Thyroid autoimmunity is associated with an increased risk of sexual dysfunction. The aim of this study was to compare sexual functioning and depressive symptoms in women with Hashimoto's thyroiditis receiving different treatments. The study included euthyroid women with autoimmune thyroiditis, untreated or receiving vitamin D, selenomethionine, or myo-inositol. Apart from measuring antibody titers and hormone levels, all participants completed questionnaires evaluating female sexual function (FSFI) and depressive symptoms (BDI-II). In untreated women, the overall FSFI scores and domain scores for desire, arousal, lubrication, and sexual satisfaction were lower than in women receiving vitamin D, selenomethionine, and myo-inositol. In the vitamin D-treated women, the total FSFI scores and scores for desire and arousal were higher than in women receiving the remaining micronutrients. The BDI-II score was lowest in the vitamin D-treated women and highest in the untreated patients with thyroiditis. Vitamin D-treated women were also characterized by lower antibody titers and higher testosterone levels than the women receiving the remaining micronutrients. There were no differences in sexual functioning and depressive symptoms between the selenomethionine- and myo-inositol-treated women. The study results suggest that although all antibody-lowering treatments are associated with better sexual functioning and well-being in young women with euthyroid autoimmune thyroiditis, the greatest benefits are observed in patients receiving vitamin D.

Me, My Tics and I: An Exploration of Self-Identity and its Implications for Psychological Wellbeing in Young Women with Tourette's Syndrome.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10882-023-09911-x.

Associations between trajectories of adolescent conduct problems and psychological well-being in young women.

Despite the clinical relevance, little is known about variability in positive adult outcomes (i.e., flourishing, life satisfaction) of female adolescent conduct problems (CP), or interpersonal factors that promote these types of well-being. We hypothesized differential associations between adolescent CP trajectories and indicators of adult well-being due to level of positive relationships with caregivers during ages 12-17. Data were drawn from participants (N = 1965) of the Pittsburgh Girls Study, a longitudinal study of girls' development. Caregiver reported CP, adolescent reports of parental trust and positive parenting, and adolescent-reported peer delinquency were assessed annually between ages 12-17. Well-being in young adulthood was measured using self-reported flourishing and life satisfaction between ages 18-22. Latent class growth analysis of adolescent CP revealed four trajectories characterized as low stable (20.0%), moderate stable (63.9%), adolescent-onset (8.1%), and high quadratic (8.0%). Main effects of trust and positive relationships with caregivers during adolescence on well-being in early adulthood were found. Positive parenting was found to moderate the association between CP trajectory and flourishing. The magnitude of the negative association between the high quadratic trajectory group and life satisfaction decreased as positive parenting increased. These results support the importance of intervention in adolescence to focus on increasing trusting and positive relationships with caregivers for all females, as this may increase well-being in adulthood regardless of adolescent CP history.

‘The most important thing is that we actually work together towards our relationship.’An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis on how young women in couple relationships experience mental health and wellbeing

Young women’s mental health is reported to be poorer, and it seems to be most affected by relationship quality in comparison to young men. This study explored the experiences of mental health and wellbeing in young women’s couple relationships. The participants were five females, between 19 to 28 years old, and were in monogamous long-term heterosexual couple relationships. The data was collected via semi-structured interviews, which was later analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The findings demonstrate that couple relationships seemed to only have a positive impact on the participants’ wellbeing if their investments within the relationship were reciprocated. These findings have the potential to aid support services by shedding light on the role that the quality of couple relationships play in young women’s mental health and wellbeing.

Attachment, empathy, emotion regulation, and subjective well-being in young women

This study explored the association between attachment and subjective well-being by examining the possible mediating roles of empathy and emotion regulation (i.e., reappraisal and suppression) with a sample of young women (ages 18–25) attending U.S. universities (N = 479). Higher attachment anxiety and avoidance were associated with lower subjective well-being. Attachment anxiety and avoidance were associated with affective, but not cognitive, empathy. Empathy did not mediate the relation between attachment and subjective well-being. Higher attachment anxiety and avoidance were associated with lower reappraisal, partially mediating the effect on subjective well-being. Attachment anxiety and avoidance were negatively associated with suppression, but suppression failed to function as a mediator between attachment and subjective well-being. Taken together, the results highlight the role of reappraisal in subjective well-being for young women with higher levels of attachment anxiety and avoidance.

Gender Socialization as a Predictor of Psychosocial Well-Being in Young Women with Breast Cancer.

This study aimed to explore the relationship between gender socialization and psychosocial well-being among young women diagnosed with and treated for breast cancer. A total of 113 women between the ages of 18-49 completed a one-time questionnaire package. Four key measures of gender socialization were included: Gender Role Socialization Scale (GRSS), Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (OBCS), Mental Freedom Scale (MFS), and Silencing the Self Scale (SSS). Two measures of psychosocial well-being were included: Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) and Experience of Embodiment Scale (EES). Correlational and regression analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between gender socialization variables and well-being. In multiple regression models, GRSS and MFS added significant increments to the prediction of variance of the FACT-B (R2 = 23.0%). In contrast, the OBCS and MFS added significant increments to the prediction of variance of the EES (R2 = 47.0%). Findings suggested that women with greater endorsements to proscribed gender socialization were associated with poor well-being scores. Women who endorsed a critical stance, resisting traditional gender-role expectations, objectification pressures, and other social discourses, were associated with greater well-being scores. Future studies are needed to examine the impact of gender socialization on the well-being of young people with breast cancer.

Sexual function and depressive symptoms in men with hypoprolactinaemia secondary to overtreatment of prolactin excess: A pilot study

BackgroundLow prolactin levels have been found to impair libido and arousal, as well as to reduce wellbeing in young women. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate whether drug-induced hypoprolactinaemia affects male sexual function and depressive symptoms. MethodsThe study population consisted of three groups of young and middle-aged men. Two groups were treated with dopamine agonists because of previous hyperprolactinaemia but differed in current prolactin levels, which were <3ng/ml (n=12; group 1) or within the reference range (3–20ng/ml) (n=20; group 2). The control group (group 3) included 24 dopamine agonist-naïve normoprolactinaemic men. During the study, doses of dopaminergic agents in group 1 were reduced by 25–50% compared to doses before the start of the study. Circulating levels of prolactin, testosterone, free calculated testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate, oestradiol and gonadotropins were measured upon enrolment in the study and six months later. Moreover, at the beginning and the end of the study, all men enrolled completed questionnaires assessing sexual functioning (IIEF-15) and depressive symptoms (BDI-II). ResultsGroup 1 differed from groups 2 and 3 in domain scores for sexual desire and erectile function, and in the overall BDI-II score. It was also characterised by lower levels of total testosterone and calculated free testosterone. Reduction of drug doses normalised sexual desire and erectile function, reduced BDI-II scores and increased prolactin as well as total and free calculated testosterone. Groups 2 and 3 did not differ from each other in sexual functioning, depressive symptoms or hormone levels. ConclusionsThe results obtained indicate that men with dopamine agonist-induced hypoprolactinaemia are characterised by impaired sexual functioning and reduced wellbeing. These disturbances are a consequence of subnormal prolactin levels and do not seem to reflect adverse effects of dopamine agonists.

Sexual function and depressive symptoms in men with hypoprolactinaemia secondary to overtreatment of prolactin excess: A pilot study

BackgroundLow prolactin levels have been found to impair libido and arousal, as well as to reduce wellbeing in young women. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate whether drug-induced hypoprolactinaemia affects male sexual function and depressive symptoms. MethodsThe study population consisted of three groups of young and middle-aged men. Two groups were treated with dopamine agonists because of previous hyperprolactinaemia but differed in current prolactin levels, which were <3ng/ml (n=12; group 1) or within the reference range (3–20ng/ml) (n=20; group 2). The control group (group 3) included 24 dopamine agonist-naïve normoprolactinaemic men. During the study, doses of dopaminergic agents in group 1 were reduced by 25–50% compared to doses before the start of the study. Circulating levels of prolactin, testosterone, free calculated testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate, oestradiol and gonadotropins were measured upon enrolment in the study and six months later. Moreover, at the beginning and the end of the study, all men enrolled completed questionnaires assessing sexual functioning (IIEF-15) and depressive symptoms (BDI-II). ResultsGroup 1 differed from groups 2 and 3 in domain scores for sexual desire and erectile function, and in the overall BDI-II score. It was also characterised by lower levels of total testosterone and calculated free testosterone. Reduction of drug doses normalised sexual desire and erectile function, reduced BDI-II scores and increased prolactin as well as total and free calculated testosterone. Groups 2 and 3 did not differ from each other in sexual functioning, depressive symptoms or hormone levels. ConclusionsThe results obtained indicate that men with dopamine agonist-induced hypoprolactinaemia are characterised by impaired sexual functioning and reduced wellbeing. These disturbances are a consequence of subnormal prolactin levels and do not seem to reflect adverse effects of dopamine agonists.

Young women's perceptions of life in urban South Africa: Contextualising the preconception knowledge gap.

Raising awareness to support improved health and well-being of young women in sub-Saharan Africa is critical, particularly in the preconception period in order to achieve improved health for multiple generations. To inform messaging campaign on preconception health, we conducted eight focus group discussions (FGDs) with young women in Soweto to understand their perceptions and access to health messages. Preconception health was generally not a familiar topic for young women. Participants prioritised information seeking for other pressing challenges they faced such as poverty and unemployment. Within this context, mental health was viewed as important, while physical health only gained importance when illness was present or during pregnancy. Television, radio and community health workers were all viewed as useful communication channels for health messaging. Understanding the importance of preconception health of young adults to benefit from the triple dividend of better health now, better health for the future and for children is a critical knowledge gap for young women. Messages aimed to improve preconception physical and mental health could leverage significant health gains. Health messages should be contextualised within the experiences that young women face and should offer information to help young women cope with their challenges.

Abstract PS7-45: Insurance coverage, employment status, and financial wellbeing of young women diagnosed with breast cancer

Abstract Research Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the insurance, employment, and financial experiences of young (age ≤ 39 years) female breast cancer patients and assess factors associated with any changes in their financial situation. Previous literature has shown that younger women are more likely to be diagnosed with late-stage disease that requires more-intensive treatments, while significant medical expenditures, productivity losses, financial hardship, and changes in employment and work productivity have been found in patients of all ages. Methods: A sample of women who were diagnosed with breast cancer between the ages of 18 and 39 years and residing in the states of California, Florida, Georgia, and North Carolina were identified. The sample included women who were (1) diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (D05.90; 8500/2) or invasive breast cancer (C50; 8500/3) between January 2013 and December 2014; (2) between the ages of 18 and 39 years at the time of diagnosis; and (3) alive at the time of data extraction. We contacted 3,659 women by mail; 2,927 were alive with deliverable addresses. Of those, 830 women returned completed surveys, yielding a response rate of 28.4%. The survey instrument included 66 questions on demographics, insurance status, employment history, out-of-pocket cost, and overall financial well-being. Multivariate analysis was used to identify factors associated with financial decline. Principal Findings: About half of the women (47.4%) reported that treatment expenditures were higher than anticipated, and almost two-thirds (65.3%) had not discussed treatment costs with their care team. Almost a third of the patients (31.8%) reported treatment nonadherence due to cost. Factors associated with not receiving recommended care included very young age (&amp;lt;35 years) at diagnosis, self-insurance, the presence of comorbid conditions, and a late-stage diagnosis. Conclusions: Young female breast cancer patients experienced considerable financial burden regardless of insurance coverage. Most respondents made employment decisions that would allow them to keep their health insurance coverage. Knowledge about the financial consequences of breast cancer can help patients factor cost and employment into treatment decisions. Implications for Policy or Practice: This study highlights the burdens that many young women with breast cancer face, regardless of employment or insurance status, raising the possibility of target policy intervention. The strengths of this study include a unique focus on young breast cancer patients, identification of patients from population-based cancer registries, and the utilization of multifaceted insurance/financial indicators. Citation Format: Florence Tangka, Sujha Subramanian, Madeleine Jones, Patrick Edwards, Tim Flanigan, Jenya Kaganova, Kevin Smith, Cheryll Thomas, Nikki Hawkins, Temeika Fairley, Gery Guy, Juan Rodriguez. Insurance coverage, employment status, and financial wellbeing of young women diagnosed with breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS7-45.

Teenage Pregnancy and Its Associated Factors in Eastern Ethiopia: A Community-Based Study.

BackgroundTeenage pregnancy is a global issue raising concerns for all who are interested in the health and well-being of young women and their children. It carries major health and social issues with unique medical and psychosocial consequences for both adolescents and society in general. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence and factors associated with teenage pregnancy in eastern Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Multi-stage simple random sampling procedure was used to select 2258 female teenagers. Interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were entered into EpiData and analyzed using stata software. The Poisson regression model with robust variance estimation was used to examine the association of the independent variable with teenage pregnancy. An adjusted prevalence ratio (APR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was reported.ResultsThe prevalence of teenage pregnancy was 30.2% (95% CI: 28.3, 32.1). Age 16–17 years old (APR=7.05; 95% CI: 4.15,11.96), 17–18 years old (APR=9.85; 95% CI: 5.72,16.98), not being in school (APR=2.83; 95% CI: 1.93,4.16), lack of formal education (APR=1.11; 95% CI: 1.03,1.19), being married (APR=3.59; 95% CI: 2.83,4.56), parental divorce (APR=1.24; 95% CI: 1.08,1.42), having elder sister who had a history of teenage pregnancy (APR=1.11; 95% CI: 1.02,1.21), and not knowing fertile period in menstrual cycle (APR=1.31; 95% CI: 1.16,1.47) were independently associated with teenage pregnancy.ConclusionOne in three teenagers had been pregnant. Age, not being in school, lack of formal education, being married, parental divorce, having an elder sister who had a history of teenage pregnancy, and not knowing fertile period during the menstrual cycles were the factors associated with teenage pregnancy. In Ethiopia, further efforts are required in the prevention of teenage pregnancy, keeping girls in school and strengthening the policy of delaying child marriage, particularly in rural areas.

Geriamųjų kontraceptinių tablečių vartojimo įtaka moters emocinei sveikatai skirtingais amžiaus tarpsniais. Literatūros apžvalga

Šioje literatūros apžvalgoje įvertinta sudėtinių kontraceptinių tablečių (SKT) įtaka emocinei sveikatai skirtingose moterų amžiaus grupėse: paauglių (10–18 metų), jaunų moterų (19–35 metų). Taip pat aprašytas SKT poveikis moterims, vartojančioms kontraceptines tabletes pirmaisiais metais po gimdymo, pateikiami galimi sąveikos tarp SKT ir depresijos išsivystymo mechanizmai, geriamųjų kontraceptikų poveikio emocinei sveikatai ryšys su ankstesniais depresinio pobūdžio sveikatos sutrikimais. „PubMed“ duomenų bazėje ieškota straipsnių apie SKT įtaką depresinių simptomų pasireiškimui, depresijos išsivystymui, emocinės būklės pablogėjimui. Tarp paauglių SKT vartojimas susijęs su depresinių sutrikimų, savižudybės rizika, anksčiau pradedamu gydymu antidepresantais. Moterims nuo 19 iki 35 metų amžiaus SKT įtaka emocinei sveikatai priklauso nuo SKT sudėties. SKT sudėtyje esantys progestinai: noretisteronas, levonorgestrelis arba desogestrelis mažina, o linestrenolis arba drospirenonas didina depresinių sutrikimų riziką. Taigi, geriamieji kontraceptikai turi įtakos moters psichoemocinei sveikatai. Vis dėlto SKT skirti saugu prieš tai surinkus išsamią pacientės anamnezę ir parenkant tinkamą SKT sudėtį.