Well-being Of Young Adults Research Articles

Assessing Instagram Addiction and Social Media Dependency among Young Adults in Karnataka

This research paper investigates the extent and seriousness of Instagram addiction and social media dependency among young adults in Karnataka, India. The study utilized a cross-sectional survey design and collected data from 511 participants aged 18 to 25 years. To assess social media addiction and Instagram addiction, the researchers employed the Social Media Dependency Scale (SMDS) and The Instagram Addiction Scale (TIAS) respectively. Data analysis involved frequency and percentage analysis, cross-tabulation, Independent sample t-test, One-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation analysis. The results revealed that a majority of participants demonstrated moderate to high levels of social media dependency and Instagram addiction. Furthermore, the study found variations in social media dependency and Instagram addiction based on factors such as gender, region, and locality of residence. It was also discovered that Instagram addiction showed a significant positive correlation with social media dependency. These findings emphasize the necessity for targeted interventions to address social media addiction and its impact on the mental health and overall well-being of young adults in Karnataka.

Impact of Perceived Social Support on Psychological wellbeing in Young Adults

bstract: The purpose of the present study is to assess the relationship between perceived social support and psychological wellbeing among young adults. A sample of 81 young adults aged between 18-24 years participated in the study. Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) by Zimet et. al (1988). Personal Wellbeing Index - Adult - 5 (PWIA5) by Cummins et al. (2013) were used to measure the variables in the study. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Linear Regression Analysis were used for statistical analysis of data. The findings indicated that perceived social support was positively correlated to psychological wellbeing. Implications are discussed.

0394 Effect of electrical vestibular nerve stimulation on sleep quality in young adults with insomnia: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Introduction Insomnia is a common sleep disorder among all age groups which adversely affects physical and mental health. Young adults are considered a high-risk population group due to increased use of electronic media at bedtime, stress associated with balancing educational demands and unhealthy sleep practices. Previous research suggests that electrical vestibular nerve stimulation (VeNS) may improve sleep outcomes by influencing the hypothalamus and brainstem nuclei involved in regulating the circadian rhythm and wakefulness. The present study is a randomised, double blinded, sham-controlled trial with the aim of assessing the efficacy of VeNS on the sleep quality of young adults suffering from insomnia. Methods Eighty adults aged 18-24 years who scored 15 or higher on the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were recruited. Participants assigned to the intervention group (n=40) received 30 minutes per day of VeNS with 5 sessions per week for 4 weeks, while the control group (n=40) received sham stimulation for the same period. ISI scores were recorded at baseline and repeated weekly. The primary outcome was between-group change in ISI from baseline to day 28. Secondary outcomes included between-group change in the emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress measured by the DASS-21 questionnaire, and quality of life (QoL) measured by the WHOQoL-BREF. Results A group-by-time interaction effect on change in ISI score from day 0 to day 28 (F3, 248 = 295.56; P< 0.001) was observed. The intervention group had a higher reduction in mean ISI score relative to the control group at day 28 (mean change [95% CI]: 7.23 [6.78, 7.67] vs. 0.98 [0.89, 1.06], P< 0.001; respectively). Furthermore, the intervention group showed improvements in depression, anxiety, and stress scores (P< 0.001) and QoL outcomes (P< 0.001) compared with the control group. Conclusion Regular VeNS usage over 4 weeks lead to a clinically meaningful decrease in ISI scores and improved general well-being in young adults with insomnia. VeNS may have potential as a drug-free and non-invasive therapy to improve sleep outcomes. Support (if any)

Eudaimonic Well-Being of Italian Young Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Predictive and Mediating Roles of Fear of Death and Psychological Inflexibility.

The literature has widely acknowledged the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of young adults. Despite extensive research, eudaimonic well-being, which focuses on self-knowledge and self-realization, has been scarcely investigated. This cross-sectional study aimed to add knowledge on the eudaimonic well-being of young adults one year after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, verifying its potential linkages with fear of death and psychological inflexibility. A total of 317 young Italian adults (18-34 years), recruited through a chain sampling method, completed measures of psychological inflexibility, fear of death, and eudaimonic well-being included in an online survey. The study's hypotheses were tested with multivariate multiple regression and mediational analyses. Results showed that psychological inflexibility was negatively associated with all the dimensions of well-being, while fear of the death of others was associated with autonomy, environmental mastery, and self-acceptance. Furthermore, in the association between fear of death and well-being, the mediation role of psychological inflexibility was verified. These results contribute to the extant literature on the factors associated with eudaimonic well-being, providing clinical insights into the work with young adults within challenging times.

Creativity and resilience: a mini-review on post-pandemic resources for adolescents and young adults.

Two years after the outbreak of the pandemic, several studies look at the consequences for the well-being and mental health of young people. In particular, creativity and resilience are cited in the scientific literature as resources that promote this well-being in adolescents and young adults. This mini-literature review was created with the aim of examining how many articles have explored the relationship between creativity and resilience in adolescents and young adults since the onset of the pandemic. Particular attention was paid to how many of the articles actually related to the consequences of the pandemic, in which country they were published, their target population, and the models, instruments and variables used to analyze them. Only 4 articles emerged from the screening, of which only one was actually related to pandemic consequences. All articles were published in Asian countries with a target group of university students. Three of the articles used mediation models to examine the relationship between resilience as an independent variable and creativity as a dependent variable. All articles used self-assessment instruments for creativity and resilience, both at the individual and group level. This mini-review offers us the opportunity to reflect on the lack of studies that have addressed the issue of youth resources in the form of creativity and resilience since the beginning of the pandemic. The results show us a still underdeveloped interest in creativity in the scientific literature, in contrast to what the media reports on the promotion of creativity in daily life.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OPTIMISM AND SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING OF YOUNG ADULTS IN THE CONTEXT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The goal of this study is to test the relationship between optimism and subjective well-being of young adults in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous studies showed that people’s subjective well-being level have reduced, especially in young adults. This study took one of the factors affecting subjective well-being, optimism as a predictor of people’s subjective well-being throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Subjective well-being is an individual’s cognitive and affective evaluation of their lives. Optimism is an individual’s positive attitude of their lives and their future. This study involved 338 young adults. The measuring instruments used in this study are: 1) The Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) adapted from Fadjri; 2) The Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) are both adapted from the Research and Measurement Department Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Tarumanagara. The analysis result using Pearson correlation technique, with r (338) = 0.251, p = 0.00 (< 0.05) showed that there was a significant and positive correlation between optimism and subjective well-being. This study also found that between the components of optimism and subjective well-being had a significant relationship between the two variables.

Emotional well-being and HbA1c following the implementation of the Diabetes Psychosocial Assessment Tool (DPAT) in young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1DM): An observational study

AimsThis observational study evaluated the implementation of the Diabetes Psychosocial Assessment Tool (DPAT), assessing emotional well-being of young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and the clinical congruency between DPAT-recommended and specialist-led referrals. MethodsYoung adults with T1DM attending the clinic completed the DPAT on two occasions. The DPAT includes the PAID (diabetes distress), PHQ-4 (depression/anxiety) and WHO-5 (general well-being), a diabetes health audit and a referral pathway to (allied) health professionals.Demographic and clinical information was retrieved from medical records.Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and generalized estimating equations. Results115 people with T1DM, aged 16–25 years, were included in the analysis. Symptoms of moderate-severe diabetes distress were present in 29 (25%) participants, symptoms of depression/anxiety and impaired well-being in 21 (19%) and 26 (23%) participants, respectively. The odds of depression/anxiety symptoms was lower at the second timepoint compared to the first timepoint (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.32–0.96, p = 0.03). The odds of moderate-severe diabetes distress tended to be lower. No change was observed in general well-being or HbA1c. There was moderate concordance between DPAT and clinician referrals to psychologists (81%) and dieticians (70%). ConclusionsUsing the DPAT facilitates the conversation about emotional well-being during routine consultation and follow-up.

Attachment-based retrospective classifications of parental caregiving in childhood related to psychological well-being and mental health in young adults

Adverse interpersonal experiences in childhood have been shown to be associated with low psychological well-being and poor mental health in adulthood. In this study, the Parental Caregiving Style Questionnaire (PCS-Q) was used for the retrospective classification of parental caregiving, a measure distinguishing between warm/responsive, ambivalent/inconsistent and cold/rejecting parenting, analogous to the three-category model of attachment. Furthermore, self-esteem, satisfaction with the romantic relationship and life, depression and anxiety were measured with self-report scales. 197 students took part in this study, of whom 74 answered the PCS-Q a second time two months later. Most participants classified the parental caregiving style as warm/responsive, especially with regard to the mother. The PCS-Q showed a high test-retest reliability. Warm/responsive parenting was associated with higher self-esteem and life satisfaction and with lower depression and anxiety than the other two parenting styles. Satisfaction with the romantic relationship, however, did not differ substantially between the three groups. The findings largely support the assumption that early attachment experiences have an impact on later well-being and mental health. The German version of the PCS-Q presented here can be used in research and clinical practice as an economic measure with direct reference to the model of attachment styles.

Subjective social status and well-being of adolescents and young adults in Ghanaian schools: conditional process analysis

BackgroundWith the growing concern and interest in the mental health and well-being of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) including those in schools, many studies have explored the bivariate relationship between subjective social status (SSS) and AYAs’ subjective well-being (SWB). Acknowledging the spurious nature of this relationship, we assessed the relationship between SSS and SWB of AYAs in schools within Northern Ghana, focusing on the conditional indirect effect of monetary resource (MR) and sense of coherence (SoC).MethodsWe utilised a cross-sectional descriptive design to survey 1096 senior high school students from two regions in Ghana’s Northern zone through a stratified sampling method. A questionnaire consisting of a number of calibrated standardized measures was used for the data collection. The data were processed using SPSS and PROCESS Macro and analysed using Hayes’ conditional process analysis.ResultsThe results revealed that students’ MR significantly moderated the relationships between SSS and SoC as well as SSS and SWB. A significant moderated mediation effect of MR and SoC on the relationship between SSS and SWB was found. Particularly, AYAs who reported higher levels of MRl, SSS and SoC reported a better SWB.ConclusionThe findings underscore the relevance of providing sufficient financial support for students in secondary schools in Ghana; thus, highlighting the sheer relevance of economic capital as a leading factor for better well-being. The findings also place much emphasis on building students’ personal coping mechanisms as a key variable in explaining how the students’ SSS and MR translate into having positive mental health outcomes.

Videoconferencing analytic psychodrama in treating young adults' psychological suffering: preliminary results.

The study aims to explore the effects that videoconferencing Analytic Psychodrama (AP) has on the psychological wellbeing and emotional competence of young adults who are suffering from mental health problems. Twenty-two undergraduate students, asking for help at the Psychological Counselling Service of the University of Bologna for anxiety-depressive problems, took part in the three online groups that met weekly from October 2020 to July 2021. The Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Outcome Measure, the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Short Form, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, and the Group Climate Questionnaire were used as test-retest questionnaires for clinical outcomes, emotional competence, and group climate evaluations. There was a statistically significant difference between the pre-test and 10-month scores for patients in clinical outcomes. Alexithymia significantly decreased and emotional intelligence and group engagement increased post-intervention. Videoconferencing AP sounds promising for alleviating psychological problems and to improve young adults' emotional competence.

Post COVID-19 Lockdown in Ghana: What is the Wellbeing Status of the Young Adults?

Although optimal wellbeing of young adults (YA) is a vital asset for productivity and measurable and sustainable development, there is a dearth of information on the wellbeing status of YA, especially after the COVID-19 lockdown in Ghana. The study has established the post-lockdown wellbeing status of YA in the COVID-19 pandemic epicenters of Ghana. The wellbeing status of 1783 (24.49 ± 4.62 year) Ghanaian YA from Kumasi, Accra, and Kasoa (known epicentres of COVID) was assessed in this cross-sectional study. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and physical, social, emotional, spiritual and intellectual states were assessed. More females were found to be overweight (315, 17.7%) and obese (160, 9.0%) compared to males. The majority (714; 40.0%) of the young adults were between the ages 25-30 years and overweight, with a mean BMI of 25.46 ± 4.67 kg/m2. Overall, 157 (8.8%) had poor, 755 (42.3%) average, 479 (26.9%) good, while 392 (22.0%) had outstanding wellbeing. Specifically, the average grade was recorded for physical (29.07 ± 6.67), spiritual (29.32 ± 6.80), and intellectual (28.29 ± 6.56), while 'good grade' was obtained for social (32.16 ± 5.13) and emotional (31.54 ± 5.07) dimensions of wellbeing. Average Ghanaian YA in the study were overweight (BMI value) and had average wellbeing, which may suggest the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Educational and physical activity interventions with meticulous dietary control and proper understanding of family history, age and genetic factors will help to improve the wellbeing of Ghanaian YA.

Health Equity and the Impact of Racism on Adolescent Health

Racism is woven within the fabric of the United States culture, structures, and systems, including its healthcare system. There is extensive research on adults demonstrating racial discrimination's physical and mental health impacts, and the evidence showing similar disproportionate effects for adolescents of color continues to grow. Furthermore, the devastation of the coronavirus pandemic has paralleled the resurgence of white nationalism movements and adverse outcomes associated with the over-policing of Black and Brown communities. Scientific evidence continues to illustrate how sociopolitical determinants of health and experiencing vicarious racism amplify overt racism and implicit bias actions individually and within health care structures. Therefore, evidence-based strategic interventions are desperately needed to ensure the health and well-being of adolescents and young adults.

Academic Burnout, Mindfulness and Psychological Well-being in Young Adults

Academic Burnout is part of student life, and it affects the psychological well-being of young adults. Mindfulness acts as a buffer against negative effect of academic burnout on young adults’ psychological well-being. The present study was designed to examine the relationship between academic burnout, mindfulness, and psychological well-being in young adults. A sample of 200 students was taken from different colleges and universities of Punjab, Pakistan. Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, and Psychological Well-being Scale were used as assessment measures. A correlation research design with a purposive sampling strategy has been used. Results revealed that academic burnout and mindfulness has significant positive relationship with each other. Classmate related burnout significantly predict psychological well-being in young adults and mindfulness does not mediate the relationship between academic burnout and psychological well-being. It was concluded that classmate related burnout has a great impact on psychological well-being.

“How Am I Supposed to Act?”: Adapting Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory to Understand the Developmental Impacts of Multiple Forms of Violence

Experiences of and exposures to violence impact older adolescents and young adults in a myriad of ways. While typically conceptualized as interpersonal, other forms of violence, namely, structural and symbolic, can be harmful to development for this population. This study utilized qualitative methodologies, including ethnographic field notes and interviews, to capture the ways in which 12 young persons aged 16 to 20 from Philadelphia experience and conceptualize multiple forms of violence across neighborhood contexts. In total, 85 interviews and over 100 hours of field observations were conducted and analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings from this study demonstrate that multiple forms of violence are experienced and impact how young adults make meaning of their life experiences. Importantly, our study explores how these forms of violence occur in tandem across contexts. Whereby, aspects of young adult development and well-being are shaped by violence across the micro, meso, and macro systems with which they interact. Implications of this work include adapting Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory to include multiple forms of violence so that practitioners and researchers can better understand how forms of violence are enacted and the associated impacts on young adults.

Development of an Online Mind–Body Physical Activity Intervention for Young Adults during COVID-19: A Pilot Study

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the implementation of an online mind-body physical activity (MBPA) intervention and physical activity (PA), stress, and well-being in young adults during COVID-19. The participants were a sample of college students (N = 21; 81% female). The MBPA intervention was organized in four online modules that were administered asynchronously for 8 weeks with three separate 10 min sessions per week. The intervention components consisted of traditional deep breathing, diaphragm mindful breathing, yoga poses, and walking meditation. Objective PA behaviors were assessed using wrist-worn ActiGraph accelerometers, and stress and well-being data were collected using validated self-report instruments. A 2 (sex) × 3 (time) doubly multivariate analysis of variance test with a univariate follow-up showed that the % of wear time in light (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was significantly higher at the end of the intervention compared to baseline (LPA mean difference = 11.3%, p = 0.003, d = 0.70; MVPA mean difference = 2.9%, p < 0.001, d = 0.56). No significant differences were observed for perceived stress and well-being, and there was no moderating effect of sex. The MBPA intervention showed promise, as it was associated with higher PA in young adults during COVID-19. No improvements were observed for stress and well-being. These results warrant further testing of the intervention's effectiveness using larger samples.

Adventure Recreation in Blue Spaces and the Wellbeing of Young Polish Adults

The aim of this study was to assess the wellbeing of 248 young Polish adults between 18 and 26 years old (M = 22.35; SD = 2.20) involved in adventure blue space recreational activities. The adventure water recreational activities were measured by using a questionnaire specially designed for the purpose of this study. This questionnaire consisted of two subscales: adventure recreation associated with water risks and adventure recreation associated with weather risks. In turn, wellbeing was measured using six scales loaded in two factors: hedonic wellbeing and eudaimonic wellbeing. The regression analysis indicated that wellbeing (hedonic and eudaimonic) was positively predicted by adventure recreation associated with water risks. In turn, eudaimonic wellbeing was negatively predicted by adventure recreation associated with weather risks. Additionally, the cluster analysis revealed three distinct clusters of recreationists characterized by diverse results on the scales of adventure recreation dealing with water and weather risks: soft adventurers (low water risks/high weather risks), hard adventurers (high water risks/high water risks) and avoiders (low water risks/low weather risks). The hard adventurers had significantly higher means on hedonic wellbeing than that of the soft adventurers and the avoiders. Surprisingly, the soft adventurers had a significantly lower mean on eudaimonic wellbeing than that of the group of hard adventurers and the group avoiding risky activity in an aquatic environment.

Text4Hope Effectiveness in Reducing Psychological Symptoms among Young Adults in Canada: Longitudinal and Naturalistic Controlled Program Evaluation

Chronic stress, anxiety, and depression are psychological problems that can hurt young adults, interfering with their everyday function, academic achievement, and interpersonal relationships. This study aimed to assess the impact of Text4Hope, an online mental health service, on the psychological well-being of young adults. This study adopted both longitudinal and naturalistic controlled trial designs. It examined clinical outcomes in young adult (≤26 years old) subscribers of Text4Hope who completed surveys at baseline and six weeks and compared clinical parameters in two groups of subscribers. The first group comprised the intervention group (IG) (young adult subscribers who received once-daily supportive text messages for six weeks and completed sixth-week evaluation measures between 26 April and 12 July 2020), and the second group was the control group (CG) (young adult subscribers who joined Text4Hope in the same time frame and completed a baseline survey and were yet to receive any text messages). The prevalence of moderate to high stress, anxiety, and depression was measured at baseline and six weeks in the longitudinal study and between the two groups for the naturalistic controlled study using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Inferential statistics, including the t-test, McNemar test, chi-square, and binary logistic regression analyses, were used to evaluate the differences in the prevalence and severity of the psychological symptoms. In the longitudinal study, of the 9214 subscribers to Text4Hope who completed the baseline survey, 1047 (11.4%) were identified as youth. For the young adult subscribers who completed both the baseline and sixth-week surveys (n = 114), a significant reduction in the prevalence of moderate to high stress (8%) and likely GAD (20%) from baseline to six weeks was reported. Similarly, there was a significant reduction in the mean scores on the PSS-10, GAD-7, and Composite Mental Health score but not the PHQ-9 from baseline to six weeks. The largest reduction in mean scores was for the GAD-7 scale (18.4%), with a small effect size overall. For the naturalistic study, the IG included 173 young adult subscribers of Text4Hope who completed the sixth-week survey compared to 92 subscribers in the CG who completed the baseline survey during the designated period. There was a significantly lower prevalence for likely Moderate Depressive Disorder (MDD) (25.2%) and suicidal thoughts/thoughts of self-harm (48.4%), with a small effect size in the IG compared to the CG. Similarly, lower mean scores were reported for all outcome variables in the IG compared to the CG, with a small to medium effect size. The receipt of daily supportive text messages for six weeks resulted in significantly lower odds of both likely GAD and experiencing thoughts of self-harm or death wish while controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. The Text4Hope service is an effective tool for mental health support for young adult subscribers. Young adults receiving the service exhibited a reduction in psychological symptoms, including thoughts of self-harm or death wish. This population-level intervention program can be used to effectively support young adult mental health and in suicide prevention programs.

Associations between trajectories of adolescent conduct problems and psychological well-being in young women.

Despite the clinical relevance, little is known about variability in positive adult outcomes (i.e., flourishing, life satisfaction) of female adolescent conduct problems (CP), or interpersonal factors that promote these types of well-being. We hypothesized differential associations between adolescent CP trajectories and indicators of adult well-being due to level of positive relationships with caregivers during ages 12-17. Data were drawn from participants (N = 1965) of the Pittsburgh Girls Study, a longitudinal study of girls' development. Caregiver reported CP, adolescent reports of parental trust and positive parenting, and adolescent-reported peer delinquency were assessed annually between ages 12-17. Well-being in young adulthood was measured using self-reported flourishing and life satisfaction between ages 18-22. Latent class growth analysis of adolescent CP revealed four trajectories characterized as low stable (20.0%), moderate stable (63.9%), adolescent-onset (8.1%), and high quadratic (8.0%). Main effects of trust and positive relationships with caregivers during adolescence on well-being in early adulthood were found. Positive parenting was found to moderate the association between CP trajectory and flourishing. The magnitude of the negative association between the high quadratic trajectory group and life satisfaction decreased as positive parenting increased. These results support the importance of intervention in adolescence to focus on increasing trusting and positive relationships with caregivers for all females, as this may increase well-being in adulthood regardless of adolescent CP history.

Exploring the Association between Attachment Style, Psychological Well-Being, and Relationship Status in Young Adults and Adults-A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: This study aimed to analyze the associations of adult attachment styles with psychological well-being in relation to age groups (young adults vs adults) and relationship status (singleness vs close relationships). Method: The study sample consisted of 393 Italian young adults and adults, aged 18 to 62 years, with stable close relationships (n = 219) or identified in this study as singles (n = 174). The Psychological Well-being Scale was used to analyze psychological well-being, and the Attachment Style Questionnaire was chosen to evaluate adult attachment dimensions. Results: Individuals with stable close relationships reported higher levels of psychological well-being than singles. Furthermore, compared to people with stable close relationships, singles had an attachment style associated with discomfort with closeness, relationships as secondary, and avoidance. Finally, in single people, psychological well-being was moderately and positively predicted by attachment style characterized by confidence but strongly and negatively by attachment characterized by the need for approval. Regarding individuals with stable relationships, psychological well-being was strongly and negatively predicted by attachment style characterized by the need for approval. Conclusions: In adult attachment styles, close relationships can be viewed as a protective factor for long-term emotional stability and psychological well-being.

Difficulties in emotion regulation mediate the relationship between childhood emotional neglect severity and psychological well-being in Italian young adults

Given the negative impact of childhood emotional neglect experiences on current positive relational functioning and one’s psychological well-being (e.g., Berzenski, 2019; Fitzgerald et al., 2020), it is crucial to understand which mechanisms are able to mediate the impact of childhood emotional neglect on relational well-being in young adulthood. The current study was aimed to analyze the role of individual differences in the use of emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between emotional neglect severity and relational well-being, controlling for multi-type maltreatment experiences. Participants were 375 Italian university students (84% females) (Mage=19.87; SD = 1.92). Findings of the mediational models underlined that reduced self-awareness and lack of emotional confidence are the core mechanisms of emotion regulation that specifically mediate the relationship between childhood emotional neglect experiences and low levels of relational well-being in young adulthood. However, they act differently with respect to the levels of severity of such experiences. Emotional confidence is the most compromised mechanism among those who have experienced low levels of emotional neglect (B = −208, se = .106, p < .05) and emotional awareness is the most compromised mechanism among those who have experienced more severe levels of these traumatic experiences (B = −104, se = .067, p<.05). Findings suggest the need to differentiate clinical and social interventions in relation to the severity of the neglectful experiences.