Community Welfare Research Articles

Structural and Functional Consolidation Processes of Local Government Units in Norway and Croatia. A Comparative Study

The aim of the article is to synthesise the process of the introduction of the reform of the basic territorial division of the state in Norway between 2016 and 2020, creating a new structure of municipal and regional self-government with a simultaneous change in some of the tasks carried out at both levels of municipal and provincial (regional) self-government. We comparatively analyse the process of development of territorial selfgovernment in Croatia, with a particular focus on changes in the attitude of academia and politics towards the consolidation of local self-government units. The analysis is based on the assumptions and categories of neo-institutional methodology. The main thesis of the paper emphasises the importance of the process of structural and functional consolidation of local government units carried out in order to optimise the delivery of public services, enhance the well-being of local communities and exploit economies of scale. The essence and evolution of local self-government institutions in Norway and Croatia and their political and theoretical conditions will also be the subject of synthesis in the paper.

Neglected Students’ Subjective Well-Being in World-Class Universities: A Qualitative Study

Many universities striving for world-class university (WCU) status have increasingly prioritized academic advancement, research, and policy development, often at the expense of students’ subjective well-being. While most studies on the transformation of tertiary institutions into WCUs focus on conceptualization, management challenges, and global impacts, few have considered the well-being of university students. This research aimed to examine the neglect of students’ subjective well-being in universities aspiring to achieve WCU status and to explore the underlying reasons for this oversight. The researchers employed a qualitative approach, collecting data through in-depth interviews with students, lecturers, and university administrators, as well as through observations and document analysis, to investigate the marginalization of students’ well-being. These findings reveal that universities targeting world-class status often overlook students’ well-being in their policies, infrastructure, and institutional culture. The study calls for increased awareness of students’ subjective well-being in the academic community and the provision of structural support for students’ mental health.

Sustainable agriculture through qanat systems in Karabakh: Water and soil characteristics in the context of climate change

This study investigates the water quality and soil characteristics associated with qanat systems in the Cebrail district of the Karabakh region, Azerbaijan. Qanat systems, traditional underground channels designed for water transport, play a crucial role in providing reliable water sources for drinking and irrigation. Water and soil samples were collected from seven qanat systems and analyzed for various physicochemical properties. Water quality parameters included pH, electrical conductivity, hardness, mineralization, and concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and other ions. Soil analyses focused on pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter content, salinization degree, and the presence of key ions like sulfate and nitrate. The results indicated that qanat water is generally of high quality, with pH levels suitable for both drinking and irrigation. However, some qanat systems exhibited high electrical conductivity and mineralization levels, suggesting potential salinity issues for sensitive crops. Soil samples showed favorable conditions for agriculture, with good pH levels, low salinity, and high organic matter content. The analysis revealed a significant interaction between water quality and soil characteristics, emphasizing the importance of integrated management practices. In the context of climate change, the sustainability of qanat systems is critical. Recommendations include regular monitoring of water and soil quality, soil amendments to mitigate salinity, efficient irrigation techniques, and the use of climate-resilient infrastructure. This study underscores the importance of qanat systems in arid and semi-arid regions and provides practical recommendations for sustainable land and water resource management, enhancing the socio-economic well-being of local communities.

The Role of Religion in Policies of Legal Village-Owned Enterprises to Improve the Economic Rights of Village Communities

In the context of village development in Indonesia, BUM Desa is an important instrument for enhancing the economic welfare of village communities. However, many villages have not fully utilized the potential of BUM Desa due to the lack of integration between religious values and economic policies. Therefore, this study seeks to explore how the application of religious principles can influence BUM Desa policies and contribute to improving the economic rights of village communities. Data collection techniques included in-depth interviews with BUM Desa administrators, village officials, and local religious figures in several villages that have implemented religious-based policies in BUM Desa management and participatory observation, while data analysis was carried out through content analysis and thematic analysis methods to identify key themes in the data. The importance of understanding the relationship between religion and economic policies at the village level, especially in the context of BUM Desa, which have the potential to be the driving force of the local economy. This study involve how religious principles can be integrated into the legal framework for managing BUM Desa to ensure that the economic rights of village communities are fulfilled fairly and sustainably. This study shows that the integration of religious values into BUM Desa policies has significant potential to improve the economic rights of village communities. By prioritizing the principles of justice, shared welfare, and social responsibility rooted in religious teachings, BUM Desa can be more effective in achieving its economic and social goals. This study provides important insights for village policymakers in formulating inclusive and sustainable strategies to advance the village economy.

Implikasi Ekonomi Kebijakan Fiskal di Masa Khalifah Utsman dan Ali

This study aims to analyze the fiscal policies implemented during the leadership of Uthmanl bin Affanl and Alil bin Abil Talib. The specific objectives of this study are, (1) to identify the fiscal policy applied, (2) to analyze the impact of fiscal policy on the country's economy at that time, and (3) to explore the factors that influenced the choice of fiscal policy by the two caliphs. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Data analysis was carried out using the content analysis method. The results of this study show that Uthman bin Affan's fiscal policy is based on sharia principles such as zakat, kharaj, jizyah, and usyur. Uthman also improved the zakat system and managed Baitul Mal with the principle of virtue. Meanwhile, Caliph Ali bin Abi Talib improved the administrative system of Baitul Mal and established taxes for land owners and fresh vegetables. He also minted coins for the Islamic State. Both have a positive impact on the economy and the welfare of the Muslim community.

Strategi Komunikasi Corporate Social and Responsibility PT. Siringo-Ringo Rantauprapat Dalam Pemberdayaan Masyarakat di Sekitar Lingkungan Perusahaan

This research analyzes the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices at PT. Siringo-Ringo with a focus on community empowerment in the village of Bandar Kumbul. The research method employed is qualitative with a case study approach. The findings indicate that PT. Siringo-Ringo has successfully implemented a holistic CSR program, involving local stakeholders such as village government, community leaders, and the local populace. The CSR program encompasses various areas including education, economics, and community empowerment. This research provides in-depth insights into the positive impacts generated by PT. Siringo-Ringo's CSR program on the company's relationship with the community and local welfare. The implications of these research findings suggest that the qualitative approach offers a profound understanding of CSR dynamics and contributions within the specific context of the company and its local environment.

Eco-friendly urban design: An analysis of sustainable building practices and their community impact

Eco-friendly urban design is essential in tackling the challenges arising from rapid urban growth and the increasing pressure on natural resources. This paper offers a thorough examination of sustainable building practices and their effects on communities within the framework of urban design. The initial section discusses various sustainable building methods that contribute to eco-friendly urban design, including renewable energy utilization, green materials, and energy-efficient technologies. Implementing these practices not only minimizes the environmental impact of urban developments but also strengthens the resilience of the constructed environment. The second part of the paper investigates the impact of sustainable urban design on communities. It highlights how these practices can enhance community spirit, elevate residents' quality of life, and support social equity. Sustainable urban design extends beyond environmental concerns to adopt a comprehensive approach that prioritizes inhabitants' well-being. The paper also includes case studies and examples of effective sustainable urban design projects worldwide, demonstrating the benefits of eco-friendly practices such as improved air and water quality, reduced energy use, and the development of vibrant, walkable neighborhoods. In summary, this paper underscores the significance of sustainable urban design in addressing the environmental and social issues linked to urbanization. By embracing eco-friendly building practices, communities can lessen their environmental footprint and foster healthier, more resilient, and inclusive urban spaces. This review is a valuable resource for urban planners, architects, and policymakers dedicated to advancing sustainable development and improving urban community well-being.

Security Audit of The Public Sector Application Using COBIT 5 and ITIL V4 Framework

The use of information system-based applications has become commonplace in various sectors, including government agencies such as the Social Service and hundreds of villages in North Lampung. One of the applications used is SIKS-NG (Social Welfare Information System - Next Generation) which aims to facilitate the management of population data and community welfare programs. However, along with technological developments, data security is increasingly important to pay attention to. Cybercrime attacks, data leaks, and privacy violations are threats that must be taken seriously. The aim of this final assignment is to determine the extent of the security of the SIKS-NG application based on the results of COBIT 5 and ITIL V4 calculations and provide recommendations for improvements to increase information system security. The method used is the COBIT 5 and ITIL V4 method using the Align, Plan and Organize (APO13), Deliver, Support and Service (DSS05), Investment Management (IM14) domains. Data analysis uses the Capability Level, Maturity Level and Linkert Scale methods. The results of this research show that the Capability Level for the APO13 subdomain process obtained an average of 4.24 with a Gap of -0.24, DSS05 obtained an average value of 4.20 with a Gap of -0.20. From the overall results, the APO13 and DSS05 subdomain framework is at level 4 and has a Gap of -O.22, which means that at this level it shows that this subdomain has been achieved and fulfilled. Meanwhile, the Maturity Level for the IM13 subdomain process is on Scale 4 with an average value of 4.17 with a Gap of 0.83, which means it has not reached the target as expected. So this means that the security of the SIKS-NG application information system has the status of being well managed and must continue to be optimized, it's just that the program performance must be repaired and improved further. Keywords— System Security, COBIT 5, ITIL V4, Capability Level, Maturity Level

Population Growth and Resource Scarcity: Implications for Conflict and Cooperation in Taraba State, Nigeria

Population growth has profound effects on resource availability and social dynamics in many regions across the globe. In Taraba State, Nigeria, the rapid increase in population has intensified resource scarcity, leading to heightened conflicts among communities, particularly those reliant on land and water for their livelihoods. This study examines how population growth intersects with resource depletion, conflict, and cooperation in Taraba State. A mixed-methods approach was employed, involving the analysis of questionnaire data from 294 respondents and qualitative insights from interviews with 10 local leaders, agriculturalists, and herders. The findings reveal that population growth significantly exacerbates the depletion of essential resources, such as land and water, with 72.8% of respondents indicating that population increases directly impact resource availability. This scarcity has led to a 78.3% occurrence of conflicts in areas experiencing severe resource depletion. The study also shows that resource scarcity forces communities into competition, often escalating tensions into violent disputes. However, the research accentuates the critical role of traditional governance structures, which were acknowledged by 64.3% of the respondents as key to fostering cooperation and mitigating conflicts in the state. The study concludes that integrating traditional governance systems with formal frameworks is essential for sustainable resource management and conflict reduction in Taraba State. Policymakers should prioritize these strategies to address the challenges posed by rapid population growth and resource scarcity, ensuring the long-term stability and well-being of communities in the state.

Qarasiña Culinary Tradition: Conserving Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) as an Intangible Cultural Heritage in Jach’a Puni (Andean Community), Bolivia

Heritage encompasses features integral to the culture of a particular society, such as traditional foods that have historical significance and continue to be part of the community’s identity. These culinary traditions must be preserved to sustain cultural identity and community well-being. This study aims to document the role of qarasiña, along with other ancestral foods, in establishing quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) as a cultural keystone species in the Jach’a Puni community. Primary data were gathered through in-depth interviews with local experts and community observations, supplemented by a comprehensive literature review. Findings reveal that in Jach’a Puni, all food is considered sacred. Three main types of qarasiña are identified: jupha qarasiña, ajara qarasiña, and kita qarasiña. The primary ingredients are domesticated quinoa (jupha) flour (Chenopodium quinoa var. quinoa) and wild quinoa (ajara) flour (Chenopodium quinoa var. melanospermum and C. hircinum). Qarasiña is integral to community banquets and social events. Although quinoa is celebrated globally as the “golden grain”, there is a risk that qarasiña may disappear and quinoa could be replaced by wheat or maize, threatening its status as a cornerstone species in the Bolivian Altiplano.

Analisis Kerjasama Antara Anggota TNI dan Pemerintah Daerah Papua dalam Menangani Konflik di Papua

The province of Papua has long been affected by conflicts involving political issues, autonomy, ethnic diversity, natural resources, and human rights. This conflict began during the colonial period and continued after Papua became part of Indonesia in 1945, particularly following the 1969 Pepera, which many Papua residents deemed unfair. Violence in Papua persists with numerous casualties, reflecting a severe security situation. Conflict management efforts involve synergy between the TNI and local government, with the TNI focusing not only on security but also on social and economic development. Collaboration between territorial apparatus and local government is expected to create stability but often faces challenges such as differing task perceptions and support for separatist groups. This study employs a qualitative research method with a case study approach, using interviews and literature review to gather data. The findings indicate that handling the conflict in Papua requires strategic measures, including increasing the presence of Satuan Komando Wilayah (Satkowil) at each administrative level, such as Kodim in districts and Koramil in sub-districts. Kodim and Koramil play a crucial role in maintaining security and supporting local development and community welfare. It is also important to map various types of conflicts—armed, communal, and social—and adopt appropriate approaches. Satkowil/Apter serves as a communication bridge between local government and the community, assisting in policy implementation and addressing conflicts proactively. Effective collaboration between territorial apparatus and local government is expected to enhance stability and progress in Papua.

Pemanfaatan Lahan Pekarangan dengan Budidaya Sayuran Organik menggunakan Greenhouse dalam Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan di Desa Ngargorejo, Boyolali

Greenhouse is one of the KKN activities carried out in Ngargorejo Village. This activity was carried out with the aim of increasing the use of yard land through cultivating organic vegetables using greenhouse technology in Ngargorejo Village, Boyolali. Through this activity, it is hoped that better food security can be created at the household level while improving the welfare of village communities. Activities carried out include counseling, technical training, as well as building a demonstrative greenhouse. The results of this program show an increase in public awareness of the importance of using home gardens and food sustainability. Apart from that, the application of greenhouse technology has proven effective in increasing the productivity and quality of organic vegetables in the village.

Forest Restoration through Village Common Forests in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh: The Role of NGO Interventions

Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) are widely recognized for their support of biodiversity conservation and forest restoration in tropical developing countries. In the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHTs) of Bangladesh, ethnic forest-dependent communities have long maintained the Village Common Forest (VCF), an ancestral forest managed for community well-being. In recent years, some VCFs in the CHT have received support from local and international NGOs due to their perceived role in supporting biodiversity, ecosystem services, and improving local livelihoods. Although such support remains limited, its impacts on forest restoration and vegetation are not yet fully investigated. In the present study, we used remote sensing techniques and field surveys to measure vegetation cover changes and tree diversity in selected VCFs in the area. Our findings indicate that vegetation condition and tree diversity were better in NGO-supported VCFs compared with those without NGO intervention. Based on our study, we recommend increasing NGO involvement in VCF management with a more holistic and ecosystem-based approach, fostering institutional cooperation addressing land ownership issues, developing a market for forest ecosystem services, and improving local capacity for science-based forest management and ecosystem restoration in the CHT.

TRANSFORMASI USAHA SAMPAN PADA KELOMPOK MASYARAKAT SUNGAI MELALUI OTOMATISASI DAN STRATEGI PEMASARAN INOVATIF

Area-based development emphasizes the optimal management of local resources to achieve community welfare. Kampung Beting, Pontianak, has great potential in transportation and river tourism but is hindered by a negative stigma as a center for drug trafficking. Through community service programs, business transformation is applied to the boat mining group with automation, installing waterproof canopies, using solar cell lights, and rebranding. The results show increased operational efficiency, revenue, and a regional image change. Innovative marketing strategies that capitalize on historical and cultural potential have successfully enhanced tourist attraction and local community welfare.

Optimalisasi Sumber Daya Lokal melalui Literasi Ekonomi: Kunci Peningkatan Kesejahteraan di Desa Perkebunan Maryke

The optimization of local resources is a key strategy in improving community welfare, particularly in rural in Perkebunan Maryke Village. Through economic literacy, communities can be empowered to understand, manage, and effectively and sustainably utilize the potential resources around them. This article discusses the role of economic literacy in strengthening the community's capacity to manage local resources to achieve better economic welfare. It also explores how empowerment programs, such as the Community Service Program (KKN), can act as catalysts in expanding the community's understanding of economics, particularly in managing local assets such as agriculture, fisheries, and handicrafts. The study results show that good economic literacy enables communities to make more informed decisions regarding investment, production, and marketing of local products, which ultimately contributes to increased income and social welfare. Therefore, strengthening economic literacy is a strategic step in empowering communities to become more economically independent through the utilization of their local resources.

Role of big data analytics and hyperspectral imaging in waste management for circular economy

The accumulation of waste has a profound impact on the environment, prompting a crucial discussion about effective waste management strategies aligned with Oman Vision 2040’s sustainability goals. The consequences of municipal solid waste generation have multifaceted impacts on the environment, public health, and overall well-being of communities. Addressing these consequences requires a holistic approach that includes the integration of sustainable waste management technologies to foster a circular economy. This paper emphasizes the necessity for a paradigm shift in waste management methodologies, emphasizing the importance of Hyperspectral Imaging and Big Data Analytics into municipal solid waste management processes. This paper explores the synergistic relationship between hyperspectral imaging which is capable of precise material identification, and big data analytics to facilitate comprehensive data analysis. The integration aims to optimize waste segregation, resource recovery, and recycling processes. The utilization of data-driven insights enables predictive modeling and the identification of trends thereby facilitating more efficient and sustainable waste management practices. The harnessing of big data analytics empowers stakeholders to make informed decisions in waste management to achieve long-term environmental, and economic sustainability.

Exploring gender-specific mental health status and socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on slum dwellers in Khulna City corporation, Bangladesh

BackgroundCOVID-19 has devastated every aspect of life worldwide, where slum dwellers are particularly vulnerable due to persistent inequities. This study aims to explore the socioeconomic and gender-specific mental health impacts of COVID-19 on slum dwellers.MethodologyGeneralized ordered logistic regression with auto-fit was performed to identify predictors of socioeconomic and mental health conditions among the participants. Data analysis was conducted using Stata software, with a 95% confidence interval and p-value less than 0.05.ResultsThe study found that males who were smokers and lost their jobs during the pandemic were more prone to experience severe mental health problems. Over 60% of females experienced moderate mental health issues due to the use of unimproved sanitation facilities. Moreover, females who received support during the pandemic and lived in areas with fixed garbage disposal had less probability of experiencing severe mental health issues.ConclusionImplementing community-based initiatives that promote social integration, providing skill-building opportunities, and addressing economic vulnerabilities may significantly improve the mental well-being of this vulnerable community. Collaboration between the Government and stakeholders is essential to address critical needs, such as proper garbage disposal and gender-segregated sanitation facilities, to build a sustainable community.

Evolving Organizational Models: Microfranchises and the BOP 4.0 Paradigm in Post-Conflict Colombia

ABSTRACT Microfranchises (MFs), as an innovative organizational model, aim to enhance the productive capacity of the base of the pyramid (BoP) population in diverse contexts. We provide original insights into the underexplored role of MFs in the socioeconomic inclusion of victims of the conflict and former combatants in conflict settings while advancing theory-building in overlooked areas. To bridge these gaps, we use grounded theory in exploratory analysis of the total population sampling of 17 Colombian social enterprises/seven MFs financed by the United Nations Development Program and Inter-American Development Bank. Our results suggest that MFs were the most adopted organizational model in post-conflict Colombia, promoting the inclusion of victims and ex-combatants who collaboratively create contextualized solutions and prioritize community well-being, which has led to the development of a new iteration of the BoP model – BoP 4.0 - closely aligned with MFs, an innovative sustainable business typology developed. Its focus on Colombian social enterprises in post-conflict settings delimited this research. Thus, generalizing these findings beyond this context should be approached with caution. This study marks a significant contribution by revealing the pivotal role of MFs in promoting socioeconomic inclusion for victims in conflict-affected regions. Furthermore, it introduces the innovative concept of BoP 4.0, representing an evolution in sustainable business typology within the BoP framework.

Holistic Education and Pedagogy from the Inuit Worldview

This article delves into the intricate fabric of Inuit holistic pedagogical practice, balancing the narrative and the historical dominance of Western colonial education frameworks within Inuit Nunangat. For decades, Inuit knowledge and learning methodologies have been marginalized, leading to a disconnect between education and the cultural fabric of the Inuit community. Recognizing the urgent need for revitalization and elevation of Inuit pedagogical models, this paper draws upon the invaluable insights of Elders, existing research, and narratives from two Inuit learners actively engaged in the Nunavut Network Environment for Indigenous Health Research. The study intertwines the wisdom of Elders, scholarly literature, and the lived experiences of Inuit learners to articulate learning models and specific components that are key in practice, such as experiential learning and relationship-building. By synthesizing diverse perspectives, the article offers an emerging multi-faceted understanding of Inuit pedagogical practice, highlighting its intrinsic connection to cultural identity, community well-being, and lifelong learning. Through the narratives of Inuit learners, the paper provides tangible examples of the transformative power of Inuit pedagogy in action, emphasizing the positive impact on individual empowerment and community resilience. By amplifying the voices of Elders and learners, this article contributes to the ongoing discourse on culturally responsive education and underscores the significance of reclaiming and reinstating Inuit holistic pedagogy as a cornerstone for education in the region.

Drug-Related Violence, Substance Abuse, and Mental Health Challenges in a Southeastern American Indian Tribe: A Qualitative Study

ABSTRACT Background Drug-related violence [DRV] and substance abuse impact the mental health of economically challenged minority community members. DRV challenges to mental health promotion are exacerbated in American Indian [AI] communities. Purpose To investigate psycho-social and environmental factors influencing DRV, substance abuse, and mental health challenges within the Lumbee, a southeastern American Indian Tribe. Methods In-depth, one-on-one interviews with 37 Lumbee Tribal Members and Key Leaders were conducted. Results Findings align with existing research, revealing the influence of poor socioeconomic conditions, poor coping strategies, broken family structures, and failed federal policy. The substantial influence of local Christian churches on beliefs, attitudes, and practices of the Lumbee community vis-à-vis DRV and mental health was recognized. Discussion Findings indicated that social-environmental factors, seemingly independent of drug use/violence prevention and treatment, play important roles in the Lumbee community’s ability to recover from mental health consequences of DRV. Identifying barriers to, and facilitators of, prevention and treatment are critical to improving the welfare of tribal communities. Translation to Health Education Practice Major competencies associated with this research apply to Areas I & II, Assessment of Needs/Capacity and Planning. Identification of DRV and mental health education, prevention and treatment barriers are critical to quality-of-life improvement in tribal communities.