Level Of Welfare Research Articles

Mats Made from Recycled Tyre Rubber and Polyurethane for Improving Growth Performance in Buffalo Farms

This study focuses on anti-trauma mats designed for buffaloes’ comfort, using as raw materials rubber powder from end-of-life tyres (ELTs) and an isocyanate-based polyurethane resin binder. The first part of the study focused on mat formulation. Whilst it was possible to select a unique combination of raw materials and design features, it was necessary to investigate the relationship between three critical parameters affecting mat consistency and therefore buffalo comfort: binder quantity, mat thickness, and desired final mat density (bulk). In order to quantitatively assess the variation in hardness, various combinations were investigated within well-defined ranges based on the relevant literature. The results obtained from nine selected combinations indicate that increases in the three critical parameters do not induce a real phase transition in the final product consistency, although the hardness suggests an increasing trend. The mats consistently exhibited a moderately soft/hard consistency, offering environmental benefits in terms of increased rubber usage and potentially reduced chemical binder, depending on the desired thickness. The selected mixture showed excellent resistance to heavy chemical loads, suggesting reliability for frequent cleaning operations. The second part of the study involved field trials of the mats with calves. This involved monitoring their weight gain and appetite levels over a 90-day period. The results showed excellent growth performance compared to uncoated grids (i.e., weight gain was approximately 20% higher at the end of the observation period); this was similar to that achieved with the use of straw bedding. However, compared to straw bedding, the mats (i) exhibit long-term durability, with no signs of wear from washing or trampling over the months of the trial, (ii) allow for quick and efficient cleaning, and (iii) enable companies to save on labour, material (straw), and waste disposal costs, while maintaining (or even improving) the same welfare levels associated with the use of straw.

Analisis Pendapatan dan Tingkat Kesejahteraan Rumah Tangga Petani Padi Sawah (Oryza Sativa L.) di Nagari Kambang Utara Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan

The purpose of this study was to analyze the Income and Welfare of Rice Farmers' Households (Oryza Sativa L) in Nagari Kambang Utara, Pesisir Selatan Regency. This research was conducted from March to April 2020. The research method used is a survey method with a population of 180 people and a sample of 64 people. Data were analyzed, qualitatively and quantitatively descriptively. The results showed that the average income received by rice farmers in North Kambang Nagari, Pesisir Selatan Regency, was Rp. 16,215,639,-/MT and the profit received by farmers is Rp. 13,467,021,-/MT. Based on the R/C ratio analysis, it can be said that lowland rice farming in the research location is profitable because it has an R/C ratio value greater than one. The R/C value of the total cost ratio is 2.6 with the level of welfare including the category of less prosperous households with a GSR value of 1.68 (> 1).

The welfare level of the bamboo artisan in Ampel District, Boyolali Regency in 2022

Bamboo artisan is one of small enterprise sector that support to economic development in Boyolali Regency. So, it need concern to gain the bamboo artisan welfare. Socio-economic conditions show the level of community welfare, such as bamboo artisan welfare. This welfare can be seen from several aspects such as accessed to basic needs. The components of community welfare related to basic needs of human life, such as cloth, food, shelter, education, health, religion, family planning, interaction within the family and the environment, transportation, savings, and role in society. The socio-economic conditions of the community can be modelled to measure of the success of Indonesia’s development. Therefore, this study aims to determine the level of bamboo artisan welfare in Ampel District, Boyolali Regency, using indicators of a family welfare from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) (2011). The bamboo artisan welfare can be measured by analyzing 8 indicators of welfare according to the BPS through surveys and interview methods. The interview data were analyzed using descriptive analysis methods. The results of this study indicate that the average labor of bamboo artisan in study area experiences sufficient or moderate welfare. There is one village which have low level of welfare namely Ngargosari.

Agricultural intensity for sustainable regional development: A case study in peri-urban areas of Karawang Regency, Indonesia

Peri-urban areas are playing an increasingly crucial role in the agricultural development and intensification in Indonesia. Peri-urban agriculture is highly vulnerable to change compared with urban and rural agriculture, due to its location in transitional areas. Indicators of peri-urban agricultural intensity can help guide regional development. In this study, we assessed the sustainability of peri-urban areas based on agricultural intensity in Karawang Regency, Indonesia. We developed a village-based index to assess the region’s agricultural intensity by rescaling the village agriculture index (VAI) and combining the local sustainability index (LSI) with factor analysis. Since the unit of analysis is the village, we modified the LSI to the village sustainability index (VSI). In addition, we also developed a logical matrix analysis to determine the level of agricultural sustainability (LoAS) of each village. The combined results of the three indices (VAI, VSI, and LoAS) generated information about agricultural sustainability. The results indicated that peri-urban villages with high agricultural intensity tended to exhibit low levels of social welfare, economic development, and disaster risk. Moreover, high agricultural intensity did not necessarily ensure the prosperity of the people. Instead, there was the economic disparity among the villages in the study area. Encouraging diversity of agricultural intensity seems to be more critical than promoting agricultural intensity itself. Overall, this study highlights the distinctive characteristics and dynamic of peri-urban areas. New approaches, variables, and information regarding the combination of agricultural intensity and sustainability need to be developed as valuable tools for regional planning.

Home Energy Management combining a welfare calculation and Vehicle-to-house technique for grid stability

The increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) poses grid stability challenges. This study explores Home Energy Management (HEM) systems, facilitating bidirectional communication between users and energy providers to address these issues. We review HEM methods, including ZigBee, PLC control, and reinforcement learning, optimizing household energy usage. We investigate the incorporation of welfare calculation, accounting for occupants' well-being, and introduce the potential of Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) technology for enhancing energy resilience. Combining welfare calculation and V2H offers optimized HEM, prioritizing user comfort and decision-making efficiency. This report identifies research gaps and emphasizes the significance of delay-intolerant and delay-tolerant demand considerations. Battery charge-discharge conditions and utility welfare calculation are also discussed as critical facets of HEM. To solve the delay intolerant demand issue, EVs are used as storage devices to mitigate the peak load impacts using vehicle-to-house (V2H) technology. A scaled-down version (1:10^6) of the real UK electricity consumption system is used in the test. Simulation results verify that the proposed V2H system considering the welfare calculation can optimize the welfare level when one 60-kWh Tesla EV is involved in this scaled-down system.

Efficiency of Public Expenditure in Sumatera before Covid-19 Pandemic Era

This study will analyze the efficiency of local government expenditure towards the Human Development Index (HDI) indicators achievement. To see the realization, this study will conduct an efficiency analysis of local government expenditures in Indonesian’s 34 provinces at 2015-2018 periods. Furthermore, this study tries to find out which sectors are affect efficiency, and conducts a descriptive analysis of the effect of the covid 19 pandemic on these sectors. Based on the study result, it can be suggested to the local government as follows; Provinces that have reached maximum efficiency levels must be able to maintain government performance by maintaining a large portion of inputs, and continue to work to increase output. So that the level of community welfare can be maintained, or even increased in the following year. In general, its necessary to optimize in terms of the effectiveness of the budget for education, health and public services on the input side for all provinces. Meanwhile, from the output side, the target Life expectancy and Expected Years of Schooling need to be improved.

Modeling the Farmer Exchange Rate in Indonesia Using the Vector Error Correction Model Method

The agricultural sector plays a crucial role in the Indonesian economy. However, the farm sector still has serious problems, including agricultural product prices, which often fall when the harvest supply is abundant. So often, the income obtained is not proportional to the price spent by farmers, which has an impact on decreasing the welfare of farmers. An indicator to observe changes in the interest of Indonesian farmers is the Farmer Exchange Rate Index (NTP). This study aims to form a model and project the welfare level of farmers in Indonesia, focusing on NTP indicators, which are caused by the influence of variables such as inflation, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), interest rates, and the rupiah exchange rate. The method used is the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), used when there are indications that the research variables do not show stability at the initial level and there is a cointegration relationship. The results of this study show that in the long run, significant factors affecting NTP are inflation, interest rates, and the rupiah exchange rate. Meanwhile, in the short term, the variables that have an impact are GDP and the rupiah exchange rate. The resulting VECM model shows a MAPE error rate of 1.79%, indicating excellent performance, as the MAPE error rate is below 10%. The implication of this research is provides information related to NTP projection that can be used to formulate strategies to strengthen Indonesia's agricultural sector.

HOW POPULATION DENSITY AND WELFARE AFFECT CRIME RATES: A STUDY IN EAST JAVA PROVINCE, INDONESIA

Purpose: A one-fold increase in population has the potential to increase the per capita crime rate by more than two times and possibly four or six times. In a country with a large population like Indonesia, the threat of crime can occur at any time. An increase in crime can also occur due to declining welfare levels such as during a recession in a country. Therefore, this study aims to see how population density and welfare affect crime rates. Desaign/methodology/data analysis: The analysis used panel data from 38 regencies/cities in East Java province. This study separates the forms of crime based on the type so that the results will be more in-depth. The methods used are the Common Effect Model, Fixed Effect Model and Random Effect Model. Finding: The results of this study show that per capita income and population density affect the crime rate in East Java. It found no significant association between economic shock and crime rates. When a shock occurs, government policy will provide peace for the community. So, they will focus more on improving their economic conditions rather than committing crimes. Originality/value: This study provides a valuable empirical contribution by analyzing how population density and welfare impact the increase in crime in the community. This study examines the impact that occurs when an area experiences an economic shock that causes its welfare to decline, whether it will make people tend to commit crimes or focus on economic improvement. Practical Implication: In densely populated areas, even though their welfare has declined due to economic shocks, it turns out that people are more focused on making economic improvements than committing criminal acts to improve their welfare. This is because of government intervention through policies that guarantee the economy so that people feel safe and can work and do better.

PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI PEMBANGUNAN PARIWISATA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DESA KARANGSARI

The construction and development of Karang Sari Village to become a tourist village is very important. Seeing that so far this potential has not been exploited and organized and it is hoped that it will be able to improve the economic and welfare of the community. Karang Sari Village has a stretch of beach of approximately 17 km, from Muara Cimari beach to Cicalengka beach. Karang Sari Village has a stretch of beach of approximately 17 km, from Muara Cimari beach to Cicalengka beach. Indonesian tourism development uses the concept of cultural tourism formulated in Tourism Law Number 09 of 1990. The problem is that villages are still in the underdeveloped category, low levels of community welfare and low levels of facilities and infrastructure as well as knowledge in managing village potential. The aim is to increase the quality and quantity of tourism destinations to create a tourism industry that is able to drive the local and national economy, develop tourism institutions and tourism governance that are able to synergize tourism destination development, tourism marketing and the tourism industry in a professional, effective and efficient manner. Using the perspective of communication science theory from Professor John Marston (in Nova, 2009:32) regarding planning strategies, namely RACE (Reasearch, Action, Controling, Evaluation). Community service activities are analyzed using SWOT analysis (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat). In conclusion, building tourism potential in underdeveloped villages must review all aspects. Looking at the potential of natural resources and human resources, but looking at the geographical conditions and geopolitical conditions in the Karangsari Village area. Suggestions, Village Head and Karangsari Village Apparatus, persuasive efforts for people who still do not understand and take a counter stance towards the idea of building a tourist village

Ketahanan Pangan Rumah Tangga Petani Di Lahan Sawah Tadah Hujan (Studi Kasus Di Desa Sendangagung, Giriwoyo, Wonogiri)

<p><em>Various problems in the agricultural sector include land conversion, climate change, water shortages, high input prices, and declining agricultural land productivity. Reduced production will affect farmers' income, which will impact the food security of farming households. The research aims to determine the proportion of food expenditure to total expenditure and assess the food security of farming households. The research location was chosen purposively, namely in Giriwoyo District, where most of the agricultural land is rain-fed. The sampling method used simple random sampling with a total of 30 farming households as respondents. Analysis of farmer household food security using cross-classification of food expenditure shares and energy adequacy levels. Energy and protein consumption levels were calculated using the 24-hour recall method. The research results explain that the average proportion of food expenditure to the total expenditure of farmer households is 55.61%, which shows that the level of farmer welfare is quite high. The food security conditions of rice farming households are based on levels, namely food security at 80%, food insecurity at 16.67%, and 3.30% of farming households are declared food deficient. To maintain or increase the food security of farming households, local food diversification is needed so that farming households do not only depend on rice as a source of carbohydrates. Counseling needs to be carried out to increase knowledge regarding the consumption of nutritious, diverse, balanced, and safe food.</em></p>

Cost subsidy or environmental regulation? The effects of government interventions on environmental quality and 3BL performance

Green product development and innovation play a crucial role in addressing environmental issues. Governments often promote innovation by motivating manufacturers to enhance their products' environmental qualities (i.e., greenness, energy efficiency, recyclability). This paper investigates the implications of cost subsidy and environmental regulation for manufacturers’ pricing and environmental quality decisions, and triple-bottom-line (3BL) performance. We develop theoretical models involving one social welfare-maximizing government and one or two manufacturers. In the monopoly model, environmental regulation can achieve the same level of social welfare and environmental performance as cost subsidy when consumers have low environmental awareness. In the competitive model, market scale asymmetry between manufacturers drives differences in product price and environmental quality. Specifically, the manufacturer with a larger market share is also the leader in environmental quality and profit. Furthermore, cost subsidy and environmental regulation have distinct effects on environmental quality competition. A higher subsidy rate widens the gap between environmental qualities, helping competing manufacturers better differentiate their products. Conversely, a stricter regulatory standard narrows the gap between environmental qualities, hindering product differentiation. Moreover, numerical analysis shows that the dominating policy in the competitive model depends on environmental and market characteristics. Finally, we check the robustness of the results by considering two extensions of our models and find that the main insights remain valid.

TR-YOLO: A pig detection network based on YOLO V5n by combining self attention mechanism and large convolutional kernel

Under the highly valued environment of intelligent breeding, rapid and accurate detection of pigs in the breeding process can scientifically monitor the health of pigs and improve the welfare level of pigs. At present, the methods of live pig detection cannot complete the detection task in real time and accurately, so a pig detection model named TR-YOLO is proposed. Using cameras to collect data at the pig breeding site in Rongchang District, Chongqing City, LabelImg software is used to mark the position of pigs in the image, and data augmentation methods are used to expand the data samples, thus constructing a pig dataset. The lightweight YOLOv5n is selected as the baseline detection model. In order to complete the pig detection task more accurately, a C3DW module constructed by depth wise separable convolution with large convolution kernels is used to replace the C3 module in YOLOv5n, which enhances the receptive field of the whole detection model; a C3TR module constructed by Transformer structure is used to extract more refined global feature information. Contrast with the baseline model YOLOv5n, the new detection model does not increase additional computational load, and improves the accuracy of detection by 1.6 percentage points. Compared with other lightweight detection models, the new detection model has corresponding advantages in terms of parameter quantity, computational load, detection accuracy and so on. It can detect pigs in feeding more accurately while satisfying the real-time performance of target detection, providing an effective method for live monitoring and analysis of pigs at the production site.

Pengaruh Konseling Menggunakan Strategi Konselin Berimbang Keluarga Berencana (SKB KB) Terhadap Perilaku Ibu dalam Memilih Kontrasepsi di Puskesmas Pembantu Kuala Keritang Tahun 2022

Indonesia is one of the developing countries in the world. What is often encountered in a developing country is a very large population. Family planning is an effort made by humans to intentionally regulate pregnancy in the family not against the law and Pancasila morals for family welfare. Through the family planning program there will be control over population growth so as to increase the level of health and welfare for families.This study aims to determine the effect of counseling using Balanced Family Planning Counseling Strategies (SKB KB) on the mother's behavior (knowledge, attitude and motivation of the mother) in choosing contraception.The type and research design used in this study was a pre-experimental study with a non-equivalent pretest and posttest one group design. The population in this study were all women of childbearing age aged 15-49 years at the Kuala Keritang Assistant Health Center. The sample size in this study used the Lameshow formula as many as 42 respondents at the Kuala Keritang Assistant Health Center, the sampling technique used in this study was Accidental Sampling. Data was collected using a questionnaire and data processing using the SPSS program. Data analysis in this study was univariate and bivariate analysis using the paired t test statistical test. The results showed that there was an effect of counseling using Balanced Family Planning Counseling Strategy (SKB KB) on mother's knowledge (p = 0.000), mother's attitude (p = 0.000), and mother's motivation (p = 0.000) in choosing contraception.

The Role of Museums for the Issue of Tourism Development

Tourism is an integral part of the life of our planet. This complex, highly profitable intersectoral complex is one of the main areas of the global economy, which contributes to a high level of employment, social welfare and quality of life, as well as economic unity and cultural diversity of states and regions of the world.
 One of the ways of spiritual development of society is cultural tourism, in the development of which museums have an important place. It should be noted that significant investments have been made in the development and construction of museums. This seemingly conservative and quiet institution, like a large modern corporation, integrates with amazing speed into the processes of modern globalization, receives an unlimited number of visitors. It is aimed at attracting both local and foreign tourists.

Somatic cell count and an Animal Needs Index to evaluate animal welfare in dairy cattle on farms constructed to the standards of the Agriculture and Rural Development Support Institution

In this research, welfare measurements were made on 14 modern dairy cattle farms (Type 1) with similar enterprise scales and built without any support from any institution, and on eight modern dairy cattle farms (Type 2), which were built with the support of the Agriculture and Rural Development Support Institution (ARDSI), in the province of Konya, Turkey. Welfare levels of dairy cattle farms were measured using the Animal Needs Index (ANI) 35L/2000 method. Milk samples were taken from each of these enterprises and somatic cell counts were obtained. Collected data and calculated ANI scores were compared. While there was a substantial difference between the two enterprise types in terms of the scores obtained for stockmanship (welfare measurement) and the general ANI scores, there was no relationship between the enterprise types in terms of somatic cell count. According to the ANI 35L/2000 welfare measurement method, suitable welfare conditions were provided in these enterprises. However, when examining categories that determine the overall ANI welfare score, deficiencies in some welfare criteria such as flooring, stockmanship, and light–air conditions were noted.

Gender, Work, and Leisure in Old Age in China and India.

This paper examines how paid and unpaid work affects leisure differently for older women and men in China and India. We use data from the World Health Organization's Study on Global Aging and Health. We find that urban China, with higher levels of public welfare and gender equality, represents the best scenario for older adults' leisure life in developing countries. Although urban Chinese women are disadvantaged relative to urban Chinese men, they still enjoy longer hours of leisure and relaxing leisure than both men and women in rural China, urban India and rural India. Furthermore, the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition results show gender disparities in unpaid housework to be the primary driver of gender inequalities in leisure in all societies, albeit to varying degrees. These findings highlight the role of public welfare, gender equality, and the gendered consequences of the family support model in shaping older adults' leisure life.

Mobile money, medical cost anxiety and welfare of individuals within the reproductive age in Malaysia

This study examines the association between mobile money, medical cost anxiety, and the welfare of households in Malaysia. The study made use of the data sourced from the Global financial survey conducted by the World Bank. The study applied the logit model and test of mean difference, probit and instrumental variable regressions to check for robustness. Findings show that mobile money has a positive and significant impact on the welfare of households in Malaysia. Mobile money enables households to access financial services easily and conveniently, which in turn leads to better financial management and increased household welfare. The study also finds that medical cost anxiety hurts household welfare. Households that are more anxious about medical costs tend to experience lower levels of welfare. The results of this study have significant implications for policymakers and financial service providers in Malaysia. To improve the welfare of households, policymakers should promote mobile money use and encourage financial inclusion. Financial service providers should also develop products and services tailored to the needs of households, especially those that are more vulnerable to medical cost anxiety. Additionally, policymakers should consider implementing policies that address rising healthcare costs and alleviate medical cost anxiety among households in Malaysia.

Analysis of the Welfare Level of Palm Farmers at Sungai Sayang Village

The aim of the research is to analyze and determine the influence of the level of welfare of oil palm farmers in Sungai Sayang Village, Sadu District, and to find out what obstacles are often faced in improving the welfare of oil palm farmers in Sungai Sayang Village, Sadu District. In this research the author used a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis methods. The level of welfare of oil palm farmers also depends on the farmer's income, especially the income obtained from oil palm plantations, so the higher the farmer's income from oil palm, the level of welfare of oil palm farmers will also increase. And also the obstacles faced by oil palm farmers in Sungai Sayang Village are the unstable selling price of palm oil FFB, and also inadequate road conditions making it difficult to transport the community's palm oil FFB products. The results of this research are that the level of welfare of oil palm farmers also depends on the farmer's income, especially the income obtained from oil palm plantations, so the higher the farmer's income from oil palm, the level of welfare of oil palm farmers will also increase. The obstacles faced by oil palm farmers in Sungai Sayang Village are the unstable selling price of palm oil FFB, and also inadequate road conditions making it difficult to transport the community's palm oil FFB products

Socio-economic development of tourist destinations: A cross-country analysis

The study aims to investigate the characteristics of socio-economic development in the context of countries’ tourism advancement. The paper analyzes the Travel & Tourism Development Index (TTDI) and the Happiness Rating (HR). The sample covers data from 102 countries for the year 2021. The analysis showed that there are differences in the relationships between TTDI and HR, as well as their sub-indices, among groups of countries distributed according to income level. The research methodology includes the use of such methods as correlation analysis to determine the relationships between indicators like factor analysis to identify the degree of indicators' influence on the sample and a graphical method to visualise the analysis results. The study uses the World Bank approach to classify countries into income groups. The study confirms that a country's welfare level is one factor that determines patterns in various areas, including tourism.

Quantitative Analysis of the Relationship between Income and Welfare of Tuna Fishermen from the Perspective of Sharia Finance

This study aims to investigate the correlation between income levels and the welfare of fishermen operating in Waitomu Hamlet, Leihitu Subdistrict, Central Maluku Regency; and the relationship between the application of Sharia financial management principles with the income and welfare of tuna fishermen in that area. The research method applied is associative research, with research participants being actively operating fishermen in Waitomu Hamlet. The research approach involves the use of various techniques, including observation, distribution of questionnaires, and document analysis, with data analysis conducted using moment product correlation calculations. The results of the study revealed two main findings. First, the moment product correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between fishermen's income and the level of welfare, indicating that increasing income tends to have a positive impact on their welfare. Second, from a financial perspective, the practice of Sharia financial management applied by tuna fishermen in Waitomu Hamlet is considered successful.