Level Of Welfare Research Articles

The relationship between the Istanbul Stock Market and Türkiye’s foreign trade

International trade is a significant indicator determining all countries' competitiveness and welfare levels, whether developed or developing. Stock markets are indicators of capital markets and economies. In this context, it may be significant to determine the relationship levels of international trade and the stock market. Purpose of the study: To examine the relationship and level between international trade potential in Türkiye and the BIST 100 Index (XU100) in the period 2013:01-2023:12. For this purpose, the reflection of Türkiye's exports and imports on BIST 100 was evaluated using Johansen Cointegral and Granger Causality Analysis methods. According to the findings, it has been determined that exports and imports are related to BIST 100 performance in the short and long term and cause BIST 100 performance. Exports positively affect BIST 100 performance in the short and long term, while imports negatively affect BIST 100 performance in the short and long term.

The Influence of Distribution of Zakat, Infaq and Sadaqah (ZIS) Funds and Economic Generation on the Social Welfare of the City/Regency Level in East Java in 2021-2023

Economic development is an important strategy in achieving social prosperity, and many development theories emphasize the importance of economic growth as the key to reducing poverty and increasing the level of welfare. One approach that is widely known is the theory of economic growth which places economic growth as the main priority in efforts to overcome the problem of poverty and achieve a higher level of prosperity. This research uses quantitative research with quantitative descriptive analysis and path analysis techniques with the help of the Eviews 12 program. Research results: Distribution of Zakat, Infaq and Alms Funds (ZIS) and economic growth have a partial and simultaneous effect on the welfare of the City/Regency community in East Java 2021-2023.

Better social infrastructure matters: Impacts of perceptional and behavioral smartization on food-related household emissions and wastes

Japan has been implementing policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (NDC goal) and food-related wastes (Food Recycling Act). However, these policies were mainly targeting commercial stakeholders instead of households. In this paper, we proposed a smart food transition framework with multiple dimensions, conducted a large sample size survey (5500 households in Japan) with consumer attitudes towards smart food services and smart eating habits, and investigated what may affect food-related household greenhouse gas emissions and food waste through a detailed assessment of both direct and indirect emissions. We found that, in the context of a better social infrastructure (e.g., better telecommunications infrastructure or higher penetration of SNS) where households can have a higher level of welfare and better access to smart food services, additional food waste would be generated, but not necessarily food-related greenhouse gas emissions. This is possible to be improved by perceptional changes and behavioral changes (e.g., more tolerance of using commercially prepared dishes, more willingness to use inventory management APPs). Our paper emphasized the importance of appropriate guidance in such perceptional changes and behavioral changes, together with detailed directions, for more decent household lives in the future of Japan.

The Impact of CSR Implement Modes on Sustainable Supply Chain Pricing and Green Decision Making

Green transformation is an effective way for supply chains to achieve sustainable development. In the heterogeneous substitute product coexistence environment, it is valuable to explore the motivation behind CSR implementation as well as the advantages and differences associated with different members’ CSR implementations. In this study, we consider that the manufacturer produces both green products and ordinary products that are substitutes for each other and construct a CSR-absence scenario (Model N), a retailer implementing CSR scenario (Model R), and a manufacturer implementing CSR scenario (Model M). Applying a game-theory-based method, we obtain the optimal pricing, green decision, and supply chain profit under different scenarios. We analyze the effects of consumers’ green preference, green product function coefficient, and CSR level on decision making and performance. Through comparison and numerical analysis, we find the following: (1) Although the CSR behaviors of the manufacturer and the retailer squeeze the market demand space of the ordinary products, the greenness of the green product increases, and the retail price decreases. This not only enhances the consumer surplus of green products but also increases the profit and social welfare of the supply chain system. (2) The eco-friendliness of green products, product demand, and social welfare levels are the highest when the retailer implements CSR, followed by when the manufacturer implements CSR, and are the lowest in the CSR-absence scenario. In addition, the following retailer can enhance both its and the manufacturer’s profits through implementing CSR within a reasonable range. (3) The numerical analysis results show that, when the functional attributes of the green products meet a certain level, supply chain members implementing CSR does not affect consumers’ choice of green products.

Cooperative Learning Strategies and Students’ Well-being

Cooperative learning is an instructional method which enables students to actively participate and work together in a collaborative manner. This study examined the extent to which students participate in cooperative learning and assessed their level of welfare. Furthermore, it examined the relationship between the degree of students' collaborative learning and their level of overall welfare. The study employed a descriptive-correlational and causal research approach. The study employed a researcher-developed questionnaire and utilized stratified random sampling with Slovin's Formula. The survey was done to 294 pupils from East II District, Division of Cagayan de Oro City. The study employed descriptive statistics such as Mean and Standard Deviation, the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient to determine significant relationships, and multiple linear regression for finding which cooperative learning strategies singly or in combination influence/s the students’ well-being. Results reveal that students most of the time participate in cooperative learning strategies especially in peer support. Their overall well-being is most of the time moderate. Cooperative learning strategies have moderately positive correlation with the students’ overall well-being especially the peer support. Thus, cooperative learning strategies can be enhanced, implemented and integrated during teaching-learning delivery to holistically develop the overall students’ well-being.

Hygiene Assessment of Buffalo Milking Parlours in Campania Region, Italy: A Preliminary Study by Using ATP Luminometry and Bacteriological Investigation.

Careful cleaning of a milking parlour and its equipment is fundamental to guarantee good raw milk quality and prevent the dissemination of bacteria and improve animal welfare. This study aimed to investigate, using an ATP-bioluminescence assay and bacteriological analysis, the bacterial contamination of milking parlours on milking parlour surfaces of buffalo farms in the Campania Region, evaluating the seasonal dynamics during the year 2022. Eight farms were selected by the Italian ClassyFarm system, which assesses the level of animal welfare and biosecurity according to risk analysis. Before sampling, all dairy farm owners filled out a questionnaire on milking management, animal hygiene, and health. The questionnaires evidenced similar cleaning procedures but an absence of a standardised cleaning protocol among the different farms. ATP bioluminescence results evidenced similar levels of contamination in all the selected buffalo farms, and the season comparison showed no significant differences. A variation in the percentages of bacterial isolates during the different seasons was observed, with a higher prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae (38%) in summer. A small number of samples exhibited an absence of bacterial growth. Identifying bacteria is crucial for understanding the microorganisms present in the milking parlour, yet employing ATP luminometry could offer broad and accurate applications in buffalo milking parlours. In conclusion, the use of ATP bioluminescence for evaluating the hygiene of a buffalo milking parlour could represent a further important advancement in dairy farming technology.

The Impact of the Arms Race on the Economic Growth of the United States and Russia

The arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union (Russia) during the Cold War had a significant impact on the economic growth of both superpowers. This study examines how the allocation of vast resources for military purposes and threats affected other sectors of the economy. By analyzing historical data on military spending, industrial production, investment, and GDP. The research found that the arms race puts huge pressure on the state budget and creates a trade-off between military spending and investment in productive sectors, which ultimately hampers long-term economic growth in both countries. This study uses secondary data such as journal books, reports from Publish or Perish, Google Scholar, related and relevant websites regarding the arms race and its impact on economic growth through the library research method. The data collection technique used is data triangulation. The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of the arms race between the US and Russia on the economic growth of both countries. Therefore, it is expected to provide insight and reference for the government in formulating policies regarding the arms race carried out by other countries. The results of this study found the negative impact of the arms race and the importance of placing resources wisely for sustainable economic growth. The impact of the United States and Russia's arms race can hamper long-term economic growth and welfare levels in both countries. Therefore, diplomacy of international cooperation and de-escalation of tensions are necessary to avoid an arms race due to uncontrolled increase in military spending

ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DAN TINGKAT KESEJAHTERAAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI PADI DI KECAMATAN BATANGHARI KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TIMUR

This research aims to analyze the income and welfare level of rice farming households. The purposive choice of Batanghari District in East Lampung Regency as the research's location. The survey approach was applied to this research, which was carried out between November 2022 and December 2022. The sample for this research consisted of 54 rice farmers taken using the simple random method. This research employed descriptive quantitative data analysis. The results show that rice farming conducted by rice farmers is financially successful because of the R/C value is 2.37 in the rainy season (MH) and 2.35 in the dry season (MK), indicating that the farm is financially successful and practicable with an R/C value of greater than one. Rice farmer household income consists of several sources of income, rice farm income, non rice income, off farm income, and non farm income with a total average income of IDR 30,813,218.52/year. Farmer household expenditure is for food expenditure of IDR 7,833,004.37/year, while non-food expenditure of IDR 21,314,555.56/year. The results are categorized as sufficient according towelfare level of rice farmer promoted by Sajogyo with a percentage of 70.37%, and included in more prosperous criteria based on Good Serivice Ratio’s welfare level with GSR <1 and the total percentage of 92.59%. Key words : Farm income, household expenditure, household income, rice, welfare

Dampak dan Peran Ekonomi Kreatif Jember Fashion Carnaval (JFC) Dalam Pembangunan Sosial Pada Masyarakat Kabupaten Jember

Social development is important for a region, because it determines the level of welfare of its people.This research will explain how the impact and role of the creative economy of the Jember Fashion Carnival (JFC) is able to help the people of Jember to improve their welfare in terms of the economy. This research will use qualitative research methods with literature study data collection techniques. Research will collect library data, read, take notes, and manage research materials so as to produce accurate data.

The first protocol for assessing the welfare of dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) kept under nomadic pastoralism.

There is no protocol to measure the welfare level of dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarious) kept under pastoralism-the predominant husbandry system of this species. This study therefore aimed to develop and describe a protocol for measuring welfare levels in dromedary camels kept under nomadic pastoralist conditions-. The indicators for each welfare principle (i.e., Good Feeding, Good Housing, Good Health, and Appropriate Behavior) were tailored to the specific conditions of camel pastoralism, drawing from the currently available protocol for assessing welfare in dromedary camels kept in intensive and semi-intensive systems. This adaptation was achieved using a structured literature search and Expert Knowledge Elicitation (EKE). The developed protocol, covering animal-, resource-, and management-based indicators, comprises two assessment levels: 'Caretaker-Herd level' and 'Animal level'. The Caretaker-Herd level is a face-to-face interview of about 10 min including 16 questions, spit into the four welfare principles, and a visual observation of applied animal handling practices. The 'Animal level' encompasses a behavioral observation and a visual clinical inspection of randomly selected individual dromedary camels, about 5 min/camel. The 'Animal level' includes 27 welfare indicators displayed for each welfare principle. The present study also includes the score for each indicator, the model for aggregating indicators' scores into compound indices for each welfare principle (PAI), and how to classify the herds based on the PAIs or to produce an overall welfare index for each herd. Even if the proposed protocol needs to be applied, refined, and validated, it is a first step toward a standardized method to collect data related to dromedary camel welfare kept under pastoralism. This framework may ultimately guide herd managers, animal health practitioners, experienced advisers, and lawmakers in fostering optimal conditions and proposing welfare standards for dromedary camels in pastoralist settings.

Assessing the impact of biosecurity practices and animal welfare in small-scale mountain dairy farming

This study estimates the association between the level of biosecurity, animal welfare, milk quality, and economic performance on 2291 mountain dairy farms which largely differs in management and structure from large dairy operations in the lowlands mainly due to climatic and topographic constraints in mountain areas. The dairy industry’s increasing emphasis on biosecurity is crucial for ensuring animal health, productivity, and disease mitigation. Therefore, in the present study the biosecurity and animal welfare status of mountain dairy farms were assessed considering the official welfare protocol for dairy cows of the Italian ClassyFarm system. Our findings reveal a suboptimal adoption of biosecurity measures, attributed to structural limitations in mountain farms and farmers’ awareness gaps. Despite these challenges, the economic significance of biosecurity adoption is evident, emphasizing potential benefits for farm viability and animal health. Conversely, the study indicates a moderate to good welfare status in assessed farms, reflecting farmers’ awareness of the importance of high welfare standards for dairy cows. Improved welfare positively correlates with milk sales and productivity, highlighting the economic advantages of prioritizing animal well-being. Challenges persist, particularly regarding animal housing deficiencies and related consumer concerns about animal welfare in dairy production. Therefore, targeted interventions and educational initiatives are crucial to empower farmers and promote best practices in biosecurity and animal welfare management. However, addressing resultant production cost increases necessitates society’s willingness to pay more for animal-based food, emphasizing the importance of aligning economic incentives with sustainable farming practices.

Relationship Between Sociodemographic Characteristics and the Incidence of Stunting in Toddlers Based on Family Income Stratification

Introduction: The nutritional problem of stunting in Indonesia is known to occur in poor and non-poor families (those above 40% of social and economic welfare levels). Objective: This research was conducted to see the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and the incidence of stunting in children under five based on family income stratification in Palembang City. Method: This research was a quantitative study with research data from 2020. The population in this study were toddlers 24-59 months in Palembang City with a sample of 97 toddlers. The sample in this research was taken by purposive sampling. The analytical method used to see the relationship was using the chi-square test. Result: The results of the study showed that the proportion of stunting was 20.6% with the incidence of stunting in the family income stratification group < IDR 10,000,000 was 26.4% and in the family income stratification group ? IDR 10,000,000 is 13.6%. The results of the analysis show that each independent variable has a p value > ? (0.05), except for the parenting method variable in the income stratification group < IDR 10,000,000 which has a p value < 0.05. Conclusion: Further research needs to be carried out to investigate other factors that were thought to be risk factors for stunting, one of which is environmental factors, infectious diseases and nutritional patterns in children under five.

Understanding the level of animal welfare and associated factors among cat owners in Banyuwangi, Indonesia.

The "Five Freedoms" concept has shaped the development and implementation of animal welfare assessments. This study aimed to analyze the determinants that impact the understanding of animal welfare among individuals who own cats in Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia. Questionnaires and interviews were used in this study to gather data from cat owners. One hundred cat owners in Banyuwangi Regency took part in the study. The classification considered factors such as gender, age, education level, occupation, income, and number of cats. The questionnaire passed both validity and reliability tests and was thus deemed suitable for data measurement. The Chi-square test was employed to investigate relationships within the dataset. A statistically significant correlation (p < 0.05) was established between cat owners' level of education, occupation, monthly household income, and their grasp of animal welfare, with the number of cats in their household being a determinant factor. Some cat owners in Banyuwangi undervalue veterinarians' role in treating and preventing feline health issues. The cat owners' understanding of animal welfare was unaffected by their age or gender. 59% of the cat owners had a low understanding level, 22% had a moderate understanding level, and 19% had a high understanding level. In Banyuwangi Regency, 59% of cat owners lack understanding of animal welfare concerns. An owner's educational background, job, income, and whether they own a cat impact their comprehension of animal welfare principles. Limited awareness of animal welfare and veterinarians' roles exists in Indonesia. It is crucial to educate government officials, veterinarians, and regional leaders about animal welfare for the sake of sustainability. A complete understanding of this topic demands rigorous research, comprehensive studies, and reproducibility. Equally important is effective publicity for the cat population.

Investigating the Impact of Urbanization on the Level of Social Welfare in Different Provinces of Iran

Investigating the Impact of Urbanization on the Level of Social Welfare in Different Provinces of Iran

The ‘glass ceiling’ of Germany’s socio-ecological transformation: Citizen, expert, and local stakeholder perspectives on responsibility for change

The IPCC (2022) underscores the urgent need to transform economic and social systems to stay within the ~1.5 °C warming threshold, with the pressure placed on states to lead the processes of transformation. Germany’s market economy is currently neither socially nor ecologically sustainable, requiring a socio-ecological transformation towards sustainable consumption and production systems. As the imperatives of the modern democratic welfare state require high levels of material welfare, economic growth and legitimation through (over)consumption, there is currently a “glass ceiling” to any such transformation. Through a combination of empirical research methods, including 11 expert interviews, a gamified citizen workshop with 22 citizens, and a local stakeholder workshop with 27 stakeholders, this paper explores the readiness and perspectives of German citizens, experts, and local stakeholders for a socio-ecological transformation. The findings highlight the contradictory role given to the state in the transformation, the difficulties of transforming “imperial modes of living”, and the collective evasion of responsibility, which suggests a “glass ceiling” to transforming the German market economy into a genuinely social and ecological model.

성별에 따른 미혼 청년의 결혼의향 요인 연구

Objectives This study analyzed the factors affecting the marriage intention of unmarried young people by gender. Methods For this purpose, 1,691 unmarried young people (947 men, 744 women) between the ages of 18 and 34 conducted by the Korea Youth Policy Institute were selected as research subjects, and personal characteristics, parental factors, workplace factors, and policy factors were used as independent variables. Marriage intention was selected as the dependent variable. Results The main research results are: First, personal factors had a significant effect only on men in terms of age (the younger the age, the higher the intention to marry). Second, parental factors had a significant effect on the mother's education level only for men (the higher the mother's education level, the higher the intention to marry). Third, as for workplace factors, job welfare level and work values had a significant effect only on women (job The lower the welfare level and the higher the value of work, the higher the intention to marry). Fourth, in terms of poli-cy factors, only men had a significant effect on training/career policy and childbirth/childcare policy (the higher the training/career policy, the higher the childbirth/childcare policy, the higher the intention to marry). Conclusions As there is a clear difference between men and women in the intention to marry among unmarried young people, customized support should be provided for each factor that can increase the intention to marry. Through this, the government and local governments should carry out various promotional activities and activate programs for single young men and women.

Development of Arctic Tourism and Creative Industries as Drivers for the Transformation of Arctic Cities and Territories

Horizontal integration of regions is a process of cooperation and unification of efforts between different regions to achieve common goals and solve common problems. This process can manifest itself in various areas, including economics, science, culture, education and other areas. The goal of horizontal integration of regions based on research projects is to strengthen ties, increase the level of interaction and cooperation between different regions, which contributes to economic growth, the development of scientific and cultural exchanges, and an increase in the overall level of welfare and development. The article presents the experience of interaction between scientific teams of two universities - the Murmansk Arctic University and the Higher School of Economics National Research University - to study the influence of Arctic tourism and creative industries on the socio-economic development of the Arctic region. The results of the project have practical significance for the Murmansk region and can be scaled up to other regions of the Arctic territories of the Russian Federation, taking into account certain regional nuances.

Does Islamic Banking Contribute to Increasing Public Welfare? Evidence from Indonesian Province Panel Data

One of the Sustinable Development Goals (SDGs) targets in Indonesia is to increase the level of public welfare that can be represented in GRDP per capita. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine whether Islamic banking through Islamic Commercial Banks (BUS), Islamic Business Units (UUS) and Sharia Rural Banks (BPRS) in 33 provinces in Indonesia, has contributed to GRDP per capita during the 2015-2022 period. GRDP per capita as a proxy indicator for the level of public welfare to encourage the achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) target. This study uses panel data regression analysis because the data is time series and cross section. The size of the Islamic banking contribution uses Islamic Bank Office (IBO), Financing and Third-Party Funds (TPF) variables in 33 provinces in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the size of the welfare level of a region uses Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) per capita data. The findings of this study show that the IBO, financing, and TPF variables simultaneously have a significant positive effect on GRDP. However, partially, the IBO variable has a significant negative effect on GRDP, the financing variable has a significant positive effect on GRDP, and the TPF variable has no effect on GRDP.

Second‐best socially optimal R&amp;D under output spillovers

AbstractUsing the standard two‐stage game of process R&amp;D and Cournot competition with R&amp;D output spillovers, this paper provides a thorough second‐best welfare analysis. The planner's solution is compared with the standard noncooperative scenario, the R&amp;D cartel, the cartelized research joint venture, and the social research joint venture solution in terms of propensities for R&amp;D as well as welfare levels. The main result is that, when spillovers are not too high, a cartelized joint venture unexpectedly outperforms the planner's solution in terms of propensities for R&amp;D and resulting welfare level, though it is the only market scenario to do so. We also assess the performance of a social joint venture, relative to all the well‐known scenarios for the organization of R&amp;D. Finally, we observe that the gap between market outcomes and planner's solutions, in terms of welfare levels, increases as R&amp;D becomes less appropriable.

Behaviour recognition of housed sheep based on spatio-temporal information

ABSTRACT Livestock behavior is related to the healthy breeding and welfare level. Therefore, monitoring the behavior of sheep is helpful to predict the health status of sheep and thus safeguard the production performance of sheep. Taking semi-housed sheep as the research object, a behavior identification method for housed sheep based on spatio-temporal information is proposed. Firstly, video acquisition of housed sheep is carried out, and sheep detection and tracking is implemented based on the YOLOv5 coupled with a Deep-SORT algorithm, which detects sheep from the flock and labels their identity information; then, sheep posture estimation is done based on the Alphapose algorithm, which estimates the keypoints in the skeleton; finally, the detected keypoints are inputted into the trained spatio-temporal graph convolutional network model, and the spatio-temporal graph constructed from the keypoints and edge information is used for sheep behavior recognition. In the study, two keypoints selection proposals were made to implement sheep behavior recognition for non-contacted detection of ruminating, lying down and other behaviors. The results show the feasibility of sheep behavior recognition based on spatio-temporal information in semi-housed farming. The method provides a new solution idea for intelligent monitoring of sheep behavior and health assessment.